General information The files combined in this finding aid book originate from different registry layers as well as from different registries. In the main, they comprise from the old central office of the government (i.e. the Presidential Division CB I) the former subjects 35 (Public Peace and Mood), 35a (Social Democracy and Anarchism), 36 (Forbidden Links, Supervision of Individual Suspicious Individuals) as well as 47 (so-called Registrar's Office MOB). This latter registry grew into a comprehensive processing area for the mobilization, the war of 1914/18, the economic and military demobilization, as well as the entire occupation-related opportunities. The confusion led to a radical reorganization of the CB II (or CB III) registry around 1922, with a new division of the subject and a focus on occupation issues and political affairs. The special circumstances of the occupation period necessitated a branch of the district government in Krefeld. In 1920/21, the latter had its own registry, as did the district president Grützner during his expulsions in Barmen (February 1923 to April 1924) and Bielefeld (April-September 1924). The files of the so-called Essen Reporting Office are integrated into the inventory. This is one of the Provincial Public Order Supervision Services established at the instigation of the State Commissioner for Public Order, Robert Weismann, in August 1919. On 15 November 1920 a special registration office for the administrative district of Düsseldorf was set up, and Jürgens, the councillor of the district court, was appointed head of this office on 30 November 1920. On 10 March 1921 the registration office was moved from Düsseldorf to Essen, on 29 July 1927 it was moved back to Düsseldorf and integrated into the CB II department, where it existed until the end of 1922. The Reporting Office collected news about the political and economic movements in its area from the police and administrative authorities and from the press, stimulated the intervention of the executive branch on the basis of the news it received and reported continuously by the President of the Government to the Chief President in Münster, in important cases immediately to the State Commissioner. The documents and newspaper clippings were originally stapled together in notebooks marked M ff. At the end of 1922 Faszikel was created and newly signed (A lff., B lff. etc.). That reorganisation was carried out up to the letter M, with the exception of the files relating to the crew, which were not stapled. Of the following letters, only a few particularly important files have been stapled. The records of the Essen Reporting Office and also of the CB II registry from 1922 ff. are partly very inconsistent, they tend above all to the formation of very narrow subject matters (or institutions concerning) and therefore show partly very thin fascicles. Also included in the inventory are the documents of various authorities and organisations of the transitional economy (above all price control and usury control) as well as the opportunities for occupation. The documents of the German delegation to Düsseldorf for the implementation of the London Agreements of 1924 are particularly worthy of mention here. The German delegations in Düsseldorf and Koblenz were headed by Johannes Horion, Governor of the State of Düsseldorf, whose permanent deputy in the Düsseldorf delegation was the Privy Councillor Dr. Claussen. The delegation, which had its seat first in the Landeshaus, and since 24 November 1924 in the government building, began its activities in September and ended them in December 1924. Occasionally, documents of the District President Abbot CB II are attached to the files. These files were handed over by the Düsseldorf government in 1934. Professor Wentzcke saw others in the possession of the late governor Horion. The files of the district police commissioner Otto Kammhoff in Elberfeld make up a numerically large but not so important part. For a critical assessment of the source value of these files, the personal file of Kammhoff is to be consulted (No. 15993). The files summarized in the present find book extend from the middle of the 19th century to about 1944, with the emphasis on the labour movement since 1880, the First World War and the post-war period until about 1928. From the later years there are files of the police department only for 1931/32 and a few from the foreigner surveillance of the Second World War. The archivability is given in the majority; often the arrangement of a permanent storage is to be understood only from the special situation (crew defense). For reasons of a closed overdelivery, which is in itself also a document, however, it was decided not to carry out subsequent individual cassations. Due to the fragmentation of the authorities' activities (headquarters in Düsseldorf, branch office in Krefeld, registry of the district president), numerous multiple documents have been produced, as well as the simultaneous reporting to superior offices. Overview of the groups of files, main subjects, camp numbers and duration Subject 35 Public peace and order (most of the previous files in the holdings of the Düsseldorf government, presidential office. Nrr. 15904-15983, 1850-1922 Subject 35a Social Democracy and Anarchism. Presidential files, other subject 40 Reg. Düsseldorf police no. 9028-9072, 15984-16035, 42781-42814, 1889-1922 subject 36 foreigners, mostly Polish movement. Presidential files, previous files in Reg.Düss.Präs. Nrr. 16015-16035, 1876-1922 subject 47 so-called Registratur Mob Essentially world war and occupation until 1922 presidential files, previous files in Reg.Düss.Präs. Nrr. 9073-9087, 14911-15248, 15346-15360, 1914-1922 Bezirkspreisprüfungsstelle Nrr. 41707-41742, 1916-1925 War economy, mainly price control Industrial supply (war economy) Nrr. 15299-15345, 1918 suction. Old things, without registration signature (mostly Mob) Nrr. 16036-16055, 1912-1923 CB II Supplements, without registration signature Strikes, Crew matters (expulsions) Nrr. 16890-16911, 1921-1925 Journals Dept. CB II Nrr. 16912-16921, 1923 Registration office Essen General Nrr. 15361-15396, 1919-1922 mostly economic and political situation reports Reporting office Essen Individuals, organizations, incidents Nrr. 15535-15854, 1920-1922 (partly little extensive files) Notification office Essen Political circumstances in individual places, mostly reports, Nrr. 15397-15534 (organised according to location) 1920-1922 Reporting office Essen Newspaper clipping collection of the press department on general and special political subjects (subject matters, individual case files) Nrr. 15855-15903, 1920-1922 Branch office of the government in Krefeld (occupied part of the RB Düsseldorf) occupation matters B II files without technical designation, probably at delivery not yet ordered mob things Nrr. 17030-17061, 1922 files of the district president Grützner from his time in Barmen Nrr. 17062-17145, 1923-1924 New registry CB II Fach 1 (expulsions, punishments by the occupation authorities, care for expellees) Nrr. 16056-16121, 1923-1926 CB II Fach 2 Occupation of individual places, enterprises etc., interventions of the occupation, ordinances of the occupation authorities, evacuation (old occupied area) No. 16122-16274, 1923-1926 CB II Fach 3 Excesses of the occupation Nrr. 16275-16395, 1922-1927 CB II Fach 4 riots, occasionally also expulsions or revocation of expulsions Nrr. 16296-16337, 1921-1926 CB II Subject 5 Occupation matters sanction area (occupation interventions, damage), ordinances Nrr. 16338-16532, 1923-1926 CB II compartment 6 crew matters, ;Ruhrkampf Nrr. 16533-16672, 1923 CB II Fach 7 Besatzungsangelegenheiten, support of the expelled and political prisoners, return of the expelled Nrr. 16673-16735, 1923-1928 Fach 7 Abt. CB III (1923-1925 CB II) The files in Fach 7 were processed 1923-1925 by CB II, 1926 by the department I T, later called CB III. Finally CB II and CB III were united in I C. CB II Subject 8 Political parties etc., mostly created after individual meetings Nrr. 16736-16815, 1922-1928 CB II Subject 9, 10, 14, 16, 1new Political Affairs, Espionage etc. Unemployment movement, situation reports Nrr. 16840-16889, 1923-1928 CB II, so-called communist files. Partly created according to location or via individual organisations Nrr. 16923-16994, 1922-1928 CB II so-called Separatist files Nrr. 16995-17029, 1920-1927 Political department mostly activity of radical parties, KPD, polit. Collisions Nrr. 17146-17274, 1931-1932 Police Affairs (Unit I A) Nrr. 45356-45363, 1940-1944 files of the district police commissioner Kammhoff, Elberfeld, surveillance of social democracy and anarchism Nrr. 42815-43025 (with gaps), 1878-1903 Distortion and order The old file titles were retained as far as possible and specified if necessary during the new distortion. Discriminatory title formulations due to time constraints were left, but the title formation was corrected by additions or explanations in the Include note. Especially out of the anti-occupation defence files have been formulated under a title, which assumes a much more far-reaching fact than actually going facts. The same title structure was retained for general and special files. The terms, however, are uniformly reproduced as general; individual cases or accompanying acts (instead of generalia, specialia or adhibenda). The content of the memos has been broken down further, i.e. further information has been provided which is covered by the title of the file but not addressed in detail, or the formal page of the content of the file has been added for explanatory purposes. Documentation content that differs from this is indicated both in terms of content and form (especially print and periodicals, posters, etc.). In view of the very uneven size of individual volumes and their nevertheless promising titles, the size was shown (either in the exact or in an estimated size). The following subject areas were selected for the content and thematic classification 1) Political Affairs 2) Administrative Law, Foreigners' Affairs 3) Occupation Affairs 4) Military Affairs, Warfare 5) War and Forced Economy (Transition Economy) The subdivision into the individual points takes into account both the factual context and the formation of the files, i.e.h. where sufficiently large amounts of files were created into a complex under a (contemporary) subject, these series were also merged (e.g., Social Democracy and Anarchism Communism and related organizations National Socialism and related organizations). These definitions are of a purely practical nature and are intended to avoid classification according to ideological principles. In addition, either the alphabet or the chronology are strictly regarded as further order factors in individual classification groups. For the history of authorities and registries, the introduction to the finding aid G 21/2 (presidential office) is to be used. The files shall be quoted: BR 0007, BR 1041, BR 2049 current no. References to further holdings In addition to the present finding aid book G 21/1a, classification point elections; government Düsseldorf presidential office, classification point ;police, gendarmerie G 21/2; G 21/5, government Düsseldorf police, classification point political police or Security Police" as well as G 21/10-11, Government Düsseldorf Gewerbe, Fach 9 (according to the still provisional indexing) Workers' Movement, Working Hours, Works Councils Basically, the files of the subordinate authorities (police authorities, district administration offices) as well as the holdings of the judicial authorities are to be consulted for all questions. Literature G. Knopp. The Prussian administration of the administrative district Düsseldorf 1899-1919, Cologne-Berlin 1974 GeneralThe files united in this find book originate both from different registry layers and from different registries. In the main, they comprise from the old central office of the government (i.e. the Presidential Division CB I) the former subjects 35 (Public Peace and Mood), 35a (Social Democracy and Anarchism), 36 (Forbidden Links, Supervision of Individual Suspicious Individuals) as well as 47 (so-called Registrar's Office MOB). This latter registry grew into a comprehensive processing area for the mobilization, the war of 1914/18, the economic and military demobilization, as well as the entire occupation-related opportunities. The lack of clarity led to a radical reorganization of the CB II (or CB III) registry around 1922, with a new division of the registry and a new focus on occupation issues and political affairs. In 1920/21, the latter had its own registry, as did the district president Grützner during his expulsion in Barmen (February 1923 to April 1924) and Bielefeld (April-September 1924). The files of the so-called Essen registration office are integrated into the inventory. It is one of the provincial offices for the supervision of public order, which were established at the instigation of the State Commissioner for Public Order, Robert Weismann, in August 1919 (with the chief presidents). 15 November 1920 the formation of a special registration office for the administrative district Düsseldorf was ordered, to whose leader on 30 Nov. 1920 the district court councillor Jürgens was appointed. On 10 March 1921 the registration office was moved from Düsseldorf to Essen, on 29 July 1927 it was moved back to Düsseldorf and integrated into the CB II department, where it existed until the end of 1922.The Reporting Office collected news about the political and economic movements in its area from the police and administrative authorities and from the press, stimulated the intervention of the executive branch on the basis of the news it received, and reported continuously by the President of the Government to the Chief President in Münster, and in important cases immediately to the State Commissioner. At the end of 1922 Faszikel was created and re-signed (A lff., B lff. etc.). This reorganization was carried out up to the letter M with the exception of the files referring to the crew, which were not stapled. Of the following letters, only a few particularly important files have been stapled: the records of the Essen Reporting Office and also of the CB II registry from 1922 et seq. are sometimes very inconsistent, they tend above all to form very narrowly defined subject matters (or institutions) and therefore sometimes exhibit very thin fascicles.Included in the inventory are also the documents of various authorities and organizations of the transitional economy (especially price control and usury control) as well as the opportunities for occupation, in particular the documents of the German delegation to Düsseldorf for the implementation of the London Agreements of 1924. The German delegations in Düsseldorf and Koblenz were headed by Johannes Horion, Governor of the State of Düsseldorf, whose permanent deputy in the Düsseldorf delegation was the Privy Councillor Dr. Claussen. The delegation, which had its seat first in the Landeshaus, since 24 November 1924 in the government building, began its activity in September and terminated it in December 1924. Occasionally documents of the district president abbot CB II are attached to the files. The delivery of these files took place in 1934 by the government of Düsseldorf. Professor Wentzcke saw others in the possession of the late governor Horion. The files of the district police commissioner Otto Kammhoff in Elberfeld make up a numerically large but not so important part. The personal file of Kammhoff (No. 15993) is to be used for a critical appraisal of the source value of these files. the files summarized in the present find book extend from the middle of the 19th century to about 1944, with the emphasis on the labour movement since 1880, the First World War and the post-war period until about 1928. From the later years files of the police department are available only for 1931/32 and some few from the foreigner surveillance of the Second World War. the archive-worthiness is given in the majority; often the arrangement of a permanent storage is to be understood only from the special situation (occupation defense). Due to the fragmentation of the activities of the authorities (head office in Düsseldorf, branch office in Krefeld, registry of the district president), numerous multiple documents were created, as well as the simultaneous reporting to superior offices.Overview of the groups of files, essential subjects, warehouse numbers and running timeSubject 35 Public peace and order (most of the previous files in the holdings Government of Düsseldorf, presidential office). Nrr. 15904-15983, 1850-1922Fach 35a Social Democracy and Anarchism. Presidential files, other subject 40 Reg. Düsseldorf Police No. 9028-9072, 15984-16035, 42781-42814, 1889-1922Fach 36 Foreigners, mostly Polish movement. Presidential files, previous files in Reg.Düss.Präs. Nrr. 16015-16035, 1876-1922Fach 47 so-called Registratur Mob Essentially world war and occupation until 1922 presidential files, previous files in Reg.Düss.Präs. Nrr. 9073-9087, 14911-15248, 15346-15360, 1914-1922Bezirkspreisprüfungsstelle Nrr. 41707-41742, 1916-1925 War economy, mainly price controlIndustrial supply (war economy) Nrr. 15299-15345, 1918 suction. Old things, without registration signature (mostly Mob) Nrr. 16036-16055, 1912-1923CB II Supplements, without registration signature Strikes, Crew matters (expulsions) Nrr. 16890-16911, 1921-1925Journals Dept. CB II Nrr. 16912-16921, 1923Notification office Essen General Nrr. 15361-15396, 1919-1922 mostly economic and political situation reportsMeldetestelle Essen Individuals, organizations, incidents Nrr. 15535-15854, 1920-1922 (partly little extensive files) Notification office Essen Political circumstances in individual places, mostly reports, Nrr. 15397-15534 (organised according to location) 1920-1922Meldestelle Essen newspaper clipping collection of the press department on general and special political subjects (subjects, individual case files) Nrr. 15855-15903, 1920-1922Government branch in Krefeld (occupied part of the RB Düsseldorf) Occupation mattersB II Files without technical designation, probably at delivery not yet ordered mob things Nrr. 17030-17061, 1922Files of the Regierungspräsident Grützner from his time in Barmen Nrr. 17062-17145, 1923-1924New registry CB II Fach 1 (expulsions, punishments by the occupation authorities, care for expellees) Nrr. 16056-16121, 1923-1926CB II Fach 2 Occupation of individual places, enterprises etc., interventions of the crew, ordinances of the occupation authorities, evacuation (old occupied area) No. 16122-16274, 1923-1926CB II Fach 3 Occupation riots Nrr. 16275-16395, 1922-1927CB II compartment 4 riots, occasionally also expulsions or revocation of expulsions Nrr. 16296-16337, 1921-1926CB II Subject 5 Occupation matters Sanction area (occupation interventions, damage), ordinances Nrr. 16338-16532, 1923-1926CB II compartment 6 crew matters, ;RuhrkampfNrr. 16533-16672, 1923CB II compartment 7 Occupation affairs, support of expellees and political prisoners, return of expellees Nrr. 16673-16735, 1923-1928Fach 7 Abt. CB III (1923-1925 CB II) The files in Fach 7 were processed 1923-1925 by CB II, 1926 by the department later called CB III I T. Lastly CB II and CB III were united in I C.CB II Fach 8 Politische Parteien etc., mostly created according to individual issues Nrr. 16736-16815, 1922-1928CB II Subject 9, 10, 14, 16, 1new Political Affairs, Espionage etc. Unemployment movement, situation reports Nrr. 16840-16889, 1923-1928CB II, so-called communist files. Partly created according to location or via individual organisations Nrr. 16923-16994, 1922-1928CB II so-called Separatist files Nrr. 16995-17029, 1920-1927Political department mostly activity of radical parties, KPD, polit. Collisions Nrr. 17146-17274, 1931-1932Police Affairs (Unit I A) Nrr. 45356-45363, 1940-1944Files of the District Police Commissioner Kammhoff, Elberfeld, Surveillance of Social Democracy and Anarchism Nrr. 42815-43025 (with gaps), 1878-1903Distortion and orderWhenever possible, the old file titles were retained and, if necessary, specified. Discriminatory title formulations due to time constraints were left, but the title formation was corrected by additions or explanations in the Include note. Especially out of the anti-occupation defence files have been formulated under a title which assumes a much more far-reaching fact than actually going facts. the same title formation was maintained with general and special files. The content was further broken down in the content notes, i.e. further information was given that was covered by the file title but not addressed in detail, or the formal page of the file content was added in an explanatory manner. In view of the very uneven scope of individual volumes and their nevertheless promising titles, the scope was indicated (either in the exact or in an estimated indication).The following subject areas were selected for the content and thematic classification 1) Political Affairs 2) Administrative Law, Foreign Nationals Affairs 3) Occupation Affairs 4) Military Affairs, Warfare 5) War and Forced Economy (Transition Economy)The subdivision into the individual points takes into account both the factual context and the formation of the files, i.e.h. where sufficiently large amounts of files were created into a complex under a (contemporary) subject, these series were also merged (e.g., Social Democracy and Anarchism Communism and related organizations National Socialism and related organizations). These definitions are of a purely practical nature and are intended to avoid classification according to ideological principles. In addition, either the alphabet or the chronology are strictly considered as further order factors in individual classification groups. For the history of authorities and registries, the introduction to the finding aid book G 21/2 (presidential office) is to be used: BR 0007, BR 1041, BR 2049 current no. References to further holdingsAdditional to this finding aid book are to be consulted G 21/1a, classification point elections; Government Düsseldorf presidential office, classification point ;Police, Gendarmerie G 21/2; G 21/5, Government Düsseldorf police, classification point political police or Sicherheitspolizei" and G 21/10-11, Regierungs Düsseldorf Gewerbe, Fach 9 (after the still provisional indexing) Arbeiterbewegung, Arbeitszeit, BetriebsräteGerundslich are for all questions the files of the subordinate authorities (police authorities, district administration offices) as well as further the stocks of the judicial authorities to consult.LiteraturG. Knopp. The Prussian Administration of the Administrative District of Düsseldorf 1899-1919, Cologne-Berlin 1974
Preliminary remark: Karl Ludwig Eugen Schall (born on 25 November 1885), died on 30 January 1980) joined the Grenadier Regiment of Queen Olga (1st Württembergische) No. 119 in 1904 as a junior flag officer, reached the rank of lieutenant general there until World War I, after the outbreak of the war took part as company officer in the battles of the regiment on the West and East Front and was wounded twice. From 1915 Schall worked as a captain and general staff officer, often occupying changing general staff positions at General Command XIII Army Corps, at the 26th Infantry Division, the 14th Infantry Division, General Command V, and at the General Command of the German Armed Forces. Army Corps, 18th Reserve Division, General Command IV Reserve Corps and 10th Reserve Corps. He participated in the fights in Flanders, in the Somme, in the Champagne, in the Ardennes and Argonne, in the Meuse and near Verdun until his demobilisation in 1918. He was mainly concerned with strength and loss reports, interrogation of prisoners, evaluation of aerial photographs, mapping, position building and pioneer questions. From 1933 he again held several changing positions in the General Staff of the V. Army Corps as a Major, in 1939 was Commander of the Stuttgart II Military District as Lieutenant Colonel, from 1940 as Lieutenant Colonel, later as Colonel General Staff Officer in the 554th Army Corps. Infantry Division, with the Army Group A, with the Commander-in-Chief in Serbia, then Chief of the Field Commandantur 747 in Nîmes and was last transferred in 1944 against his own wishes as a war history teacher to the Kriegsakademie. As a pensioner Schall still studied archaeology in Tübingen until his doctorate. Further information on Karl Schall's life can be found in a handwritten curriculum vitae in Bü. 182, in the diaries in Bü. 181 and in the personal file in stock M 430/2, Bü. 1804 with information on his military career until 1919.Parts of the estate of Karl Schall, above all written material from his military service and extensive collections, were offered to the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart by his son Brigadegeneral a.D. Wolfgang Schall in March 1980 and, after an initial inspection at the estate's premises in April 1980, were handed over to the library of the Hauptstaatsarchiv and the archival records in Department IV (Military Archives) have since formed the M 660 estate of Karl Schall. Since the estate of Karl Schall got into complete disarray and no pre-archival classification scheme was recognizable, it was necessary to develop a classification scheme after the indexing, which should do justice to the multi-layered structures and most different documentation forms, particularly since in the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart no uniform classification scheme for estates finds application. The documents from the officers' activities, correspondence and personal papers, which besides their general historical significance have a close personal connection to the deceased, were clearly separated from the multi-layered collections. The structure of the documents from the officer's activity reflects the military career of Schall. These are mostly personal copies of official documents in the form of hectographies, prints and other copies, as well as drafts and private documents. A document, which had been taken from the business transactions of the office, was reintegrated into the relevant holdings of the military unit in the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart. There is a reference in this repertory. The private correspondence was sorted according to correspondent groups and correspondents. Posters and wall attacks, military maps and non-military maps were incorporated into the corresponding collections of the Main State Archives J 151, M 640 and M 650 mainly for conservation reasons. Nevertheless, these pieces have also been incorporated into the present repertory in the form of references, whereby the ordering scheme of the map holdings M 640 for military maps and M 65 0 for non-military maps has been adopted. Maps which have a recognisable connection to documents in Part A have been left there or reunited and have also been incorporated into the collections of the estate as references. For the collection of newspaper clippings, individual newspapers, printed publications and manuscripts from the fields of history, contemporary history, politics, religion, language, literature, science and technology, it seemed necessary to develop as finely structured a classification scheme as possible, since this collection, with approx. 500 numbers, represents the largest part of the collection and was previously only divided into the categories1. Military, 2nd Politics and Contemporary History, 3rd Science and within these categories only chronologically ordered, which made the chronological classification of the frequently undated newspaper clippings possible. It seemed appropriate to make the very multi-layered estate accessible by means of as comprehensive a list of subjects, places and persons as possible. Only a few small map sections from maps that are already available, sketches and notes that seemed to be no longer comprehensible individually and were not in any recognizable connection to other documents, file folders and packaging material were collected. The estate of Karl Schall contains above all informative material about the type of warfare in the First World War. Of particular importance is also the material on non-Württemberg units, most of whose records were destroyed in a bombing raid on Potsdam in April 1945. The drawings on the maps from World War I provide extensive information on the course of the front, combat directions, troop movements, position building and destruction in the front areas and thus complement the M 640 map holdings well. Also noteworthy is the extensive written material on the trials before the military tribunal in Nuremberg against the generals Curt Ritter von Geitner, Hubert Lanz, Karl von Roques and Eugen Wössner, which contains excerpts from the indictments and defence material. In the collections the history of the 20th century up to the 70s is reflected in an astonishingly comprehensive and descriptive way. The collection is not subject to any restrictions of use. In January and February 1984, the M 660 estate of Karl Schall was listed and arranged by Markus Baudisch, a candidate archive inspector, as a rehearsal work in the context of the state examination for the upper archive service and comprises 697 books in 1.55 metres.