Friedrich (Fritz) Gustav von Bramann came from a family of landowners in East Prussia. Born on 25. In September 1854 in Wilhelmsberg near Darkehmen he attended the Gymnasium in Gumbinnen and then studied medicine at the University of Königsberg. In 1880 he did voluntary military service in a cuirassier regiment as a one-year volunteer, the second half as a one-year voluntary doctor. In the following years he participated in several military exercises and was promoted to general physician in 1905. In the years 1881 to 1884 von Bramann was an assistant at the surgical clinic of the University of Königsberg, received his doctorate in 1883 as Dr. med. and from 1884 was assistant to Prof. Dr. Ernst von Bergmann at the surgical clinic of the Charité in Berlin. Of decisive importance was von Bramann's stay in San Remo in 1887/1888 on the recommendation of Prof. von Bergmann. Here, in February 1888, he made a tracheotomy for Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm, who suffered from throat cancer, using chloroform as an anaesthetic. On his return to Berlin, von Bramann completed his habilitation and was appointed associate professor at the University of Berlin. He refused an appointment to the University of Greifswald in 1889, but one year later accepted an appointment to the University of Halle. Already accepted into the Hohenzollernorden in 1888, he was elevated to hereditary nobility in 1890. Further non-Prussian awards were added. Friedrich von Bramann died on 26 April 1913 in Halle and left his wife Hanna, née of Tronchin (died 1943) and four sons. Two of them, Goswin (born 1894) and Hellmuth (born 1895) fell in the First World War at intervals of two months (March and May 1915). The eldest son, August Friedrich, (née 1892) died in 1936; the fourth, Constantin lived from 1899 to 1989 and was last chief physician of the surgical clinic at the municipal hospital in Berlin Neukölln. The estate registered here, Friedrich Gustav von Bramanns, was presented to the GStA PK in 2011 by Dr. Hellmut von Bramann, a grandson of Friedrich Gustav von Bramann, as a deposit. The focus is on the correspondence between Ernst von Bergmann and his first assistant Friedrich Gustav von Bramann. It begins with the arrival of Bramanns in San Remo and extends over the entire stay, whereby the letters of Bramann are more numerous - von Bramann complains about missing answers (Nr. 13). On the other hand von Bergmann points out the increased workload in Berlin, which prevents him from writing more frequently (No. 22). Formulations from von Bramann's letters to von Bergmann were in part verbatim in the official Report (The illness of Emperor Frederick the Third, presented according to official sources and the figures given in the royal report) the House Department reports. Berlin 1888). This correspondence was already evaluated in the mid-1960s as part of a medical dissertation, to which Constantin von Bramann made his father's family-owned letters available (Christa Rinck, The course of the death sickness of Emperor Frederick III after the correspondence between E. v. Bergmann and Fritz Gustav Bramann. Diss. Berlin 1965). There are typewritten copies of the letters of Bramanns and von Bergmanns, which was probably written in the late 1950s / early 1960s by Mrs. Cläre Zimmermann, a sister of the secretary Dr. Constantin von Bramanns at the Neukölln Municipal Hospital, Ruth Zimmermann. Perhaps these (not entirely error-free) transcriptions were made with a view to an intended evaluation of the correspondence. The letters were put together with the transcriptions in an album. This formation was dissolved for conservation reasons. However, the album is under no. 52 in the estate. The tradition of the ministry of the Royal House (GStA PK, I. HA Rep. 100) as well as the Personalrepositur BPH, Rep. 52 Friedrich III. Last assigned no.: The estate is to be quoted: GStA PK, VI. HA Family archives and estates, Nl Friedrich Gustav von Bramann (Dep.), No. The estate is to be ordered: VI HA Nl Friedrich Gustav von Bramann (Dep.), No. Literature: - Winfried Burkert, The Surgeon Friedrich Gustav von Bramann. The Crown Prince's savior. Halle 2008 - Michael Freund, The drama of 99 days. Illness and Death of Frederick III, Cologne / Berlin 1966 - The Illness of Emperor Frederick the Third, presented according to official sources and the reports filed with the Royal Housing Ministry. Berlin 1888 - Christa Rinck, The Course of the Death Sickness of Emperor Friedrich III after the Exchange of Letters between E. v. Bergmann and Fritz Gustav Bramann. Diss. Berlin 1965 Berlin, October 2012 Dr. Schnelling-Reinicke Inventory description: Life data: 1854 - 1913 finding aids: database; find book, 1 vol.
- on the Gauger/Heiland family: Joseph Gauger is the first person documented in the collection with originals. He was descended from a Swabian family that can be traced back to the 16th century and that early confessed to Pietism. His father, Johann Martin Gauger (1816-1873), was head of the Paulinenpflege, his half-brother Gottlob Gauger (1855-1885) was in the service of the Basler Mission and was active 1878-1888 in Africa at the Gold Coast and afterwards in Cameroon, where he died. Joseph Gauger's brother Samuel (1859-1941) was also a pastor and last dean in Ludwigsburg. Born in 1866 in Winnenden, Joseph Gauger became an orphan early on, at the age of 13. He graduated from the Karlsgymnasium in Stuttgart. He first attended the teacher training seminar in Esslingen and became a teacher in Dürnau after graduating. From 1889 to 1893 he studied law in Tübingen, then Protestant theology. Afterwards he became vicar in Mägerkingen and Großheppach, 1898 finally town parish administrator in Giengen. The emerging Swabian career was broken off by the marriage with Emeline Gesenberg from Elberfeld. She was to stay in Elberfeld to care for her father, so the young couple moved into their parents' house in Hopfenstraße 6. There was also a Pietist community in Elberfeld. Joseph Gauger found employment as the second inspector of the Protestant Society, which provided him with a solid foundation for an equally pietistic career in his new Rhineland homeland. Later he was able to obtain the position of Director of the Evangelical Society. The Evangelical Society in Elberfeld had dedicated itself to mission in Germany since 1848. Here Gauger became responsible for the publishing work and the so-called writing mission. Since 1906 he was editor of the weekly "Licht und Leben", an activity he carried out until 1938, shortly before his death. From 1923 he also published the widely read political monthly "Gotthardbriefe". In 1911 Gauger became a member of the board of the Gnadauer Verband and in 1921 - not least because of his musical talent - chairman of the Evangelischer Sängerbund. In 1921 he also became a member of the Constituent Assembly of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union. His favourite sister Maria married Jakob Ziegler, who worked at the Ziegler Institutions in the pietist community of Wilhelmsdorf (near Ravensburg) as a senior teacher and later director at the boys' institution. Due to the very intensive correspondence and frequent visits to his sister, Joseph Gauger remained attached to Swabian pietism. During the Third Reich, Joseph Gauger and his family were followers of the Confessing Church. Joseph Gauger was finally banned from publishing, his publication organ "Licht und Leben" was banned, and in 1939 he was expelled from the Reichsschrifttumskammer. In 1934 his son Martin refused the oath to Adolf Hitler, whereupon he - a young public prosecutor - was dismissed from public service. Since 1935 he has worked as a lawyer for the 1st Temporary Church Administration of the German Evangelical Church and since February 1936 for the Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany in Berlin. When the war broke out in 1939, he also refused military service and fled to the Netherlands. However, he was seized here, arrested and later taken to the Buchenwald concentration camp. He therefore had to give up his church service in 1940. In 1941 he was murdered by the Nazis in the Sonnenstein Killing Institute near Pirna. The younger son of Joseph Gauger, Joachim, was also harassed by the Gestapo for his work for the Gotthard Letters and "Light and Life". After the death of Joseph Gauger (1939) and the complete destruction of the Gauger House in Elberfeld following an air raid in June 1943, the family returned to the south. Siegfried Gauger, after a short time as town vicar in Schwäbisch Gmünd, had already become town priest in Möckmühl in 1933 and had settled there with his wife Ella. Martha Gauger has lived in Heidenheim since her marriage to Theo Walther in 1934. Hedwig Heiland moved in 1943 to Gemmrigheim, the new parish of her husband. The parsonage there also offered space for the mother Emeline Gauger and the nanny of the Gauger children, Emilie Freudenberger. A little later, after her early retirement in 1947, her sister Maria Gauger also moved to Gemmrigheim. After his release from captivity as a prisoner of war, Joachim Gauger had also moved professionally to Möckmühl, where he ran the Aue publishing house. Only Paul Gerhard had stayed in Wuppertal, where he lived in the Vohwinkel district. Emeline Gauger's mother and sister Maria moved from Gemmrigheim to Möckmühl in 1951, which became the centre of the Gauger family, as a result of the forthcoming move of the Heilands to Stuttgart. Because now the mother lived here with three of her children: Siegfried, Maria and Joachim. The family gathered here regularly for sociable celebrations and the grandchildren of Emeline Gauger often came to visit here during the holidays. It was not until the grandson generation of Emeline and Joseph Gauger entered working life in the 1970s that the family scattered throughout Germany. Despite everything, this generation remained in contact with each other and organized regular family reunions. 2nd history of the stock: Bettina Heiland, Marburg, and Susanne Fülberth, Berlin, handed over the family documents Gauger/Heiland to the Main State Archives for safekeeping in January 2011 after the death of their mother Hedwig Heiland. Some further documents were submitted in June 2013. Hedwig Heiland, née Gauger, born 1914, was the youngest child of Joseph and Emeline Gauger and had survived all siblings and close relatives at the age of 96. The documents handed over originate from different persons in the family. Important documents come from her aunt Maria Ziegler, her father's favourite sister who lives in Wilhelmsdorf. She kept the letters of Joseph Gauger and his wife to their relatives in Wilhelmsdorf (to which she also belonged), a remarkable series of correspondence. Memorabilia such as her place card for the wedding of Joseph and Emeline in Elberfeld in 1898 and individual books by Joseph Gauger and the history of the family are also included. After her death Hedwig Heiland received her from her daughter Ruth Dessecker. Other documents come from mother Emeline Gauger, including letters to her and valuable memorabilia as well as files. They must have come to Hedwig Heiland after her death in 1964 or after the death of her daughter Maria, who lived with her. The documents of the brother Siegfried, city priest in Möckmühl, who died in 1981, are also rich. They date back to before 1943, when the parents' house in Elberfeld was destroyed. Worth mentioning are the dense series of letters of his brother Martin (the Nazi victim) and his parents, as well as his sister Hedwig to him. Furthermore there are letters of Sister Maria (until she moved to Möckmühl in 1950). Less dense is the letter tradition of the brothers Paul Gerhard and Emil Gauger to the city priest. Only the memorial book of the young Siegfried, which has a very high memorial value, his children did not want to do without. It is therefore only available as a copy, but in two copies. Sister Maria Gauger was primarily important as a photographer from the early days of Elberfeld. In addition to files on her own life and fate, she kept a family guest book in Möckmühl, which contains many interesting entries on family life and mutual visits. This is also included in the original stock. Her cousin Maria Keppler, née Ziegler, and her husband Friedrich also sent documents to Hedwig Heiland, especially correspondence and photographs. After the death of her husband Alfred in 1996, the documents of the older family Heiland also came to Hedwig Heiland and were kept by her. These were correspondences and the pastor's official records as well as family history materials, investigations and genealogical tables, but also documents from the mother Anna Heiland. In addition, the family of Hedwig and Alfred Heiland had a large number of younger records. Hedwig Heiland also proved to be a collector here, who rarely threw away a document and preferred to keep it. It didn't stop at collecting and picking up. Hedwig Heiland also arranged the documents and supplemented them with his own notes and investigations. Numerous notes on the family history of Gauger bear witness to this. Hedwig Gauger read the letters from her youth, extracted important dates and took notes. On the basis of the documents she kept and evaluated, she made a film in 2007 entitled "This is how I experienced it. Memories of my family and my life, told by Hedwig Heiland née Gauger" (DVDs in P 39 Bü 469). It consists essentially of an interview with her and numerous photos about her life and the fate of her family. Hedwig Heiland was particularly committed to the rehabilitation of her brother Martin. She intensively supported the research on his fate with information, compilations and also with the lending of documents. She collected the results, i.e. books and essays, and compiled the state of research almost completely. For the exhibition "Justiz im Nationalsozialismus" she read letters of her brother Martin Gauger and other documents about his life, which are stored as audio documents on a CD (P 39 Bü 468). Despite the richness of the available material, gaps in the tradition are to be noted. The sudden destruction of the Elberfelder Haus der Gaugers in 1943 resulted in a severe loss of family documents. About Maria Ziegler from Wilhelmsdorf and Siegfried Gauger, who did not live in Elberfeld anymore at that time, other documents from this time have fortunately been preserved, which compensate this gap somewhat. Another gap exists in the correspondence of Hedwig Heiland during the 70s to 90s of the last century. Even then, there must have been a rich correspondence, of which there is hardly anything left. The correspondence of Hedwig Heiland, on the other hand, which has been richer again since 2000, is present; it was hardly ordered, but has not yet been thrown away. In 1993 documents concerning Martin Gauger were handed over to the Landeskirchlichen Archiv Hannover for archiving. They received the inventory signature N 125 Dr. Martin Gauger. The 1995 find book on these documents is available in the inventory as no. 519. 3rd order of the stock: The documents originate from different provenances and had been arranged accordingly. A delivery list could be prepared and handed over for the inventory. Letters from Hedwig Gauger to his fiancé Alfred Heiland from the 40 years and also the letters in the opposite direction have been numbered consecutively, which points to a very intensive reading and thorough order, which, however, is an extreme case. In the letters Joseph Gauger wrote to his sister Maria after 1920, the covers of the tufts contain summaries of the most important pieces and references to outstanding family events mentioned in the letters. This information can be used as a guide during use. However, the original order of the documents was badly confused by the frequent use by the family and by third parties. One has not or wrongly reduced the taken out pieces. Frequently, individual letters were found in the photo albums with photos that were related to the content of the letter, but had to be returned to the original series. A photo album (P 39 Bü 353) had been divided into individual sheets so that the photos required for publications could be passed on to third parties as print copies. Hedwig Heiland had attached self-adhesive yellow notes to many letters and provided them with notes and references in order to be able to orientate herself better in her family-historical research. For conservation reasons, these notes had to be removed. In addition to the restoration of the original order, further measures were necessary for the order of the stock. Many documents were too broadly characterised as "other" or "miscellaneous". Tufts with very different contents were incorporated into existing units. A larger box still contained completely disordered, but nevertheless valuable letters from the period 1943-1952, which had to be sorted and indexed. Thematically similar tufts could often be combined into one unit. For example, mixed tufts containing letters from different scribes to the same recipient were divided and transformed into tufts with uniform scribes. This order according to the principle "a tuft, a letter writer" could not always be carried out. Letters of the married couple Emeline and Joseph Gauger, for example (to Maria Ziegler) are so closely interlocked that they cannot be split into two separate tufts. Sometimes Emeline signed her husband's letter with a short greeting of her own, sometimes she is greeted in the name of both, but often Emeline wrote her own passages on the letterhead and sometimes there are whole letters from her. Separation is also impossible in terms of content. Similarly, letters from Emeline Gauger and Maria Gauger in their Möckmühl days cannot be separated from those of Siegfried Gauger. Such letters were classified according to the author author. The index refers to the other persons. The present order and indexing was based on family interests. Essentially, in addition to the corrections and restructuring measures mentioned above, the documents had to be arranged and made accessible for scientific research. For this reason, a greater depth of indexing was necessary, above all, by means of title recordings with detailed content annotations. An overall order of the holdings according to the different origins of the documents did not prove to be meaningful for a family archive of the present size. The uniformity of the documents produced by Hedwig Heiland was therefore accepted and maintained. Accordingly, the title recordings of the correspondence of members of the Gauger family are arranged according to the letter writer and not according to the letter recipient. Letters usually contain more information about the author than about the recipient. Letters from non-family members and from letter writers to whom little material has grown, on the other hand, were classified according to the recipient principle ("Letters from different correspondence partners to XY"). The present collection documents the fate of a Swabian family closely linked to Pietism over almost two centuries. Outstanding is the relatively well-known theologian Joseph Gauger, who is richly documented with his correspondence and in his writings. The marriage of his sister Maria Ziegler also gives a glimpse of the Pietist settlement in Wilhelmsdorf and the Ziegler Institutions. The family's attitude during the Nazi period and especially the fate of his son Martin, who was imprisoned for his conscientious objection and finally killed, are also reflected in the inventory. Relations with the family of the Berlin prison pastor and member of the Kreisau district of Harald Poelchau are also documented. Dense series of letters from the Second World War (letters from Hedwig Heiland to her husband Alfred, letters from Alfred Heiland to his wife Hedwig, letters from Maria Gauger to her brother Siegfried) tell of the hard everyday life of the World War II. In addition, the collection illuminates the everyday family life of a Swabian family over at least two generations. The collection comprises 529 units in 5.20 linear metres, the duration extends from 1882 to 2010 with prefiles from 1831. 4. Literature: Article Joseph Gauger in Württembergische Biographien I (2006) S. 87-88 (Rainer Lächele) Article Joseph Gauger in NDB Vol. 6 S. 97-98 (Karl Halaski)Article Joseph Gauger in Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie Bd. 3 S. 584Article Martin Gauger in Wikipedia http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Gauger Further literature is included in stockStuttgart, June 2013Dr. Peter Schiffer
Introduction 1st history of ownership The Detmold stock L 51 Foreign ownership of Lippe is divided into several local subgroups. The connection of these places consists in the fact that they contain different lippic rights (possessions, claims, pledges and bailiwicks) outside the closed territory. On the one hand it is a zone not far from the actual dominion area in the north or north-west (Enger, Bünde, Quernheim and Dünner Mark as well as Ulenburg), on the other hand it is also more distant areas such as the Beyenburg an der Wupper office, the sovereign dominion of Vianen south of Utrecht and the Freckenhorst monastery near Münster. In terms of time, however, the files on the individual groups are far apart, as they contain events from the 15th to the end of the 18th century (apart from copies of older documents supposedly dating back to 1031). Beyenburg was part of the duchy of Jülich-Kleve-Berg, but had served as the widow's seat of Countess Maria von Waldeck, who died in 1593. After this, negotiations and the actual takeover as a pledge by Count Simon VI zur Lippe took place, whereupon the administration by his officials (from 1597), which lasted for a decade, and the quite soon redemption by Jülich (1607) took place. The Lippe administration consisted of three persons, the rent master Wilhelm von Pylsum, who was taken over by Jülich and replaced by Hermann Kirchmann in 1602, another bailiff and the forester. The affairs of the office are reflected above all in the correspondence of the rent master and the bailiff with the count to the Lippe. In addition, account books and lists of receipts and expenditures have been preserved, and the two changes of government each led to an inventory of the rights and goods held there. The fact that the dismissed rent master of Pylsum and Count Simon VI also had a dispute over the years with Lippe has also found its expression in the records. In the village of Bünde, the Lippe rights consisted mainly of market duties, which are documented for some years (1551-1560) as well as external interventions against these rights. The office of Enger had been pledged to Bishop Wilhelm von Paderborn by the noblemen of Lippe in 1409. In the 16th century, the counts of zur Lippe repeatedly attempted to trigger the pledge at the Dukes of Jülich, to whom Enger had meanwhile come. Special activities developed in this respect under Count Simon VI in the years since 1576. The recovery did not succeed because there were disagreements about the exact scope of the pledged office. However, due to the establishment of a commission to delimit and record the Lippic rights there, protocols were drawn up containing an inventory of Enger around 1578. The files of the Quernheim monastery refer to the women's abbey there, the bailiwick of which the Counts of Lippe had held since the 13th century. In the 16th century, the abbesses there made frequent use of them, for example to protect their own people against attacks by representatives of the Minden monastery, but also against the town of Lübbecke and the Counts of Diepholz, and also to safeguard their claims for logging and pig fattening and for possessions and disagreements in the convent. In the end, the monastery became dependent on Minden after the departure of some sisters, against which even a joint action of the Counts of Lippe and the monastery of Osnabrück before the Imperial Chamber Court could not do anything. However, in the 18th century, the Counts of Lippe still had the bailiwick of Osnabrück as a lord over them. The Ulenburg collection is particularly extensive. The Lippe feudal sovereignty over this castle was established in 1470 and resulted from a successful feud between Lippe and the city of Herford against the Lords of Quernheim. Already the period before the later direct exercise of Lippe's power is well documented, because apparently the written estate of the last owner Hilmar von Quernheim was taken over. Hilmar, a Danish colonel in the service of Denmark and a drost of various masters, was involved in numerous legal disputes, such as a dispute with his cousin Jasper von Quernheim over Haus Beck, a property that often appears in the Ulenburg files. Hilmar's conflict over the sovereign rights claimed by the Minden monastery, in which his liege lord Simon VI soon supported him to the Lippe, and which continued after Hilmar's death ( 1581), had more consequences. Now the Ulenburg was claimed as a fief fallen home by Simon VI and after a long dispute with Minden it was finally claimed. When Minden handed the Ulenburg over to Lippe at the end of 1593 after an imperial penal mandate, the conflict was not over, as the condition of the castle was not satisfactory for Count Simon VI. In a continuation process (until 1607) numerous witnesses were questioned by an imperial commission and extensive lists of the income of the Ulenburg were drawn up. Although the Ulenburg reached the von Wrede family via Philipp zur Lippe-Alverdissen as early as the beginning of the 17th century, after their bankruptcy Lippe once again briefly took over the dominion there (around 1708 to 1711). Apparently the documents inventoried at that time were kept and then brought to the archive in Brake. Among them are also the files and numerous books of accounts from the end of the 16th century up to the time of von Wrede and her bankruptcy. From the Ulenburg, after their takeover, the older Lippe rights were administered in the Dünner Mark, such as the timber court there, which was also disputed with the Minden monastery. The relevant files can also be found in the Ulenburg collection. In contrast to the other subcases, the Freckenhorst Act only refers to a specific political process outside Lippe, namely the election of a new abbess. After the death of Abbess Margarete zur Lippe, Count Simon VI attempted to have his daughter Elisabeth elected as his successor, which found support in Freckenhorst but was prevented due to the intervention of the Münster Monastery in favour of a Catholic candidate. Thus it is basically not a "foreign possession" of Lippe. The dominions of Vianen and Ameide as well as the Burgraviate of Utrecht passed from the von Brederode family to the Counts of Dohna (1684). Through her heiress Amalie zu Dohna, the wife of Simon Heinrichs zur Lippe, the Dutch exclave came to Lippe in 1686. On September 3, 1725, however, it was sold to the Dutch General States, but the Vianisches Archiv remained, as far as family matters in the broadest sense were concerned, with the Haus Lippe in accordance with the contract. It contains numerous documents of the last members of the House of Brederode (Johann Wolfert, Wolfert and Hedwig) and their heirs Carl Emil and Amalie from the family of Dohna, including correspondence with the extensive relatives to whom financial obligations also existed due to a Fidei compromise regulation for Vianas. For exactly this reason, the later-born members of the house Lippe (Agnaten) saw themselves injured with the sales of Vianen in their there claims and went before the imperial chamber court. In Wetzlar they finally had success, which is why the ruling Counts zur Lippe had to pay compensation and now tried to sue their own responsible persons. Thus, the Lippe protagonists in the sales negotiations, President Christoph von Piderit and Government Councillor Blume, were confronted with accusations which led to a trial of the Lippe tax against the former president. Due to these later legal disputes, the materials of the internal administration of the Vianen dominion were preserved in order to document their legal and financial condition. Therefore these matters can be traced in detail, especially the payments of the rent masters Peter Inghenhouse (1679 still until at least 1698), Elisa Gordon (parallel to it since approx. 1694 to 1721, before already secretary, later mayor), Wolfert Louis van der Waal (interim 1721), Arnold Henrik Feith (1721-1724), Henrik van Dortmond (1725) as well as the special envoy Simon Henrich Blume (1725/26 respectively 1727/30). In addition, the Drost (Drossart) appeared, first for years Jacques de l¿Homme de la Fare, then from 1710 to 1725 Jean Henry Huguetan (married van Odijk, later Count Güldensteen) and other councillors, who together formed the government council of Vianen established in 1681. All those involved in administration cumulated several posts and, after their departure, often still dealt with their previous affairs, making it difficult to delimit them. This kind of administration seems to have been taken over from the time of von Brederode and during the intermezzo under Carl Emil to Dohna quite uninterruptedly under the Lippe rule, as well as personal continuities and connections (Elisa Gordon was related for instance to the family van Dortmond, this again with Jobst B.). Barckhausen). Nathan van Dortmond, who came from Vianen, even managed to climb the rank of Landgographer in Lippe, while councils from Germany were only active in Vianen in the early and late Lippe period, such as Justus Dietrich Neuhaus, Theodor Fuchs and Simon Henrich Blume. 2. inventory history The first six subgroups of the inventory L 51 were arranged by Johann Ludwig Knoch according to factual aspects, arranged and listed with quite detailed information in his find book. This kind of distortion depended very much on his preferences, which is why invoices and the like or sources about the subjects were kept, but hardly noticed. At the beginning of the files formed by Knoch there are often copies of late medieval documents, which mostly became legally relevant for later events, which only emerge in the further course of the often chronologically sorted compilations. Not only is the overall title of Auswärtiger Besitz somewhat imprecise due to the inclusion of the appointment of an abbess in Freckenhorst, which was decided to Lippe's disadvantage. Also the subdivisions were carried out schematically in such a way that connected processes were formally correctly separated into individual proceedings, but which belong to each other objectively (for instance the case Hilmar von Quernheim against Erich Dux, at least Drosten von Hausberge, as well as against his rule, bishop and cathedral chapter of the monastery Minden). In addition, bundles of remains appear, the distribution of which Knoch had still planned but not realized on different subject groups (L 51 No. 46, 160, similar to Vianen No. 265/66, and on mixed matters, No. 267), or also scattered individual pieces, which belong to a common process (affairs of the Colonel Alexander Günther von Wrede, L 51 No. 43, 55, 62). Some of these have no connection whatsoever with Lippe's external possessions, such as extracts from the minutes of the Reichskammergericht (L 51 No. 160) belonging to various trials. The invoices of the Beyenburg office (L 51 No. 14) also contained a bundle with letters on otherwise unrelated extra-lippic property titles (in Sommersell, Kariensiek and Entrup in the Oldenburg velvet office), which Knoch had still provided with his typical marginal notes at the upper margin and sorted chronologically, but without recording them. The situation is very similar with the invoices for a building that Count Simon VI had erected on Prague Castle Hill from 1608 (No. 120). There are apparently two further subgroups of the foreign property in the state of origin, which were not taken into account in Bnoch's find book and in the classification of the holdings. Furthermore, Knoch had laid out some files about the subjects of the Ulenburg, but had provided them with the remark nullius momenti (without meaning) in his find book and had not listed them more closely. In it, however, there are quite interesting matters from the end of the 17th century (L 51 No. 100 and. 101), such as letters of release, estate inventories of simple people, complaints about beer adultery or registers of persons together with their land and cattle. The seventh subgroup with the files on Vianas was apparently added to inventory L 51 only later. A part of the material came to Detmold only in 1726, to which were added the relevant entrances already present in the residence and the material of the later processes. Although Knoch has still inscribed individual files at the beginning and end of the partial stock (L 51 No. 265-267), its indexing is missing, at least in the preserved find book L 51. When the files on the proceedings of the family at Dohna were sought out again after 1772 because of the intervention of the Prussian King Frederick II, Knoch also became active, as a family tree and some remarks by his hand prove (L 51 No. 191). In the seventh subgroup, Vianen, there are on the one hand the entrances relating to the reign. In addition, there are materials which were brought to Detmold in 1726 when the archive at Batestein Castle in Vianen was divided. These files were apparently reassembled for later investigations and processes, but the L 3 stock, which did not contain only documents, was separated. Later orders of the Vianen substock were only carried out at a shallow depth. In principle, the present order seems on the one hand to go back to the structure of the matter for the Wetzlar Imperial Chamber Court process, which was conducted with the Lippe co-heirs, as also shown by corresponding notes (so to L 51 No. 218, No. 223), but on the other hand it concerns the annexes to the report of the later investigative commissions on the role of the Lippe councillors in the sale of the dominion. All in all, it is a rather colourful mixture of the most varied pieces from the administration of the dominion, which have to do not only with the period under the Counts of Lippe, but also with earlier centuries, above all from the reign of the von Brederode family and from the decades after the sale. The use by the Count of Lippe of the money obtained from the sale of vianas is also documented in detail. In addition, the private documents of Countess Amalie zur Lippe, née Dohna, have also been included in the documents about her inheritance, the dominion of Vianen, even if they had nothing to do with it directly. A part of the correspondence about and from Vianas was unfortunately arranged schematically (obviously not by Knoch) by sender. Thus the original factual connections were partly torn apart, which are now scattered over the directory units L 51 No. 268 to 285. The Vianen sub-collection also contained a collection of remnants, including copies of medieval documents, beginning with the foundation of the Abdinghof monastery [1031], and other documents, some of which are completely unrelated or only in connection with the collection, such as the possession of the Count of Geldern in the vicinity of Vianen or refer to ancestors of the Brederode family (such as Knight Arnold von Herlaer). Their inscription speaks for itself, for instance (L 51 No. 267): Quodlibet of collected individual pieces of file, of which the persecution, to which they belong, can perhaps still be found, or (ibid.) old news, of which perhaps still some use can be made. The collected printed matter (L 51 No. 255) and diaries, including the records of the secretary of Hedwig von Brederode for 1679 and 1680, but also an anonymous description of a sea voyage to America (1776), are more related to Vianas. The first evaluation of the inventory was carried out according to the state of the distortion. Since Count Simon VI. zur Lippe played a particularly important role in many of the parts of L 51, August Falkmann often referred to it in his work about this ruler in a way that owes much to the Bone Regests. Besides Falkmann, Otto Preuß also took a closer look at the materials for Ulenburg for the first time, while this pioneering achievement for Beyenburg was performed by Werhan. Peter van Meurs, who was involved in the drawing of the Vianic inventory L 3 in The Hague until 1909, probably also evaluated parts of L 51 VII for his work on the heritage of the House of Brederode. The inventory consists of 286 units in now 85 cartons; the oldest (transcribed) document in it allegedly originates from 1031, the most recent from 1796. The inventory took place from 17 October to 15 December 2004. On the one hand, the aim was to proceed in a more analytical and summarizing manner in order to better emphasize the characteristics of the nudes; on the other hand, the materials not yet considered by Knoch, the later rearrangements and additions, and the almost completely unexplored subcontent of vianas were to be recorded in an equivalent manner or, for lack of other finding aids, even deeper. It should be noted that in particular the documents on Vianas are written not only in German, but also in French, Dutch, Latin and rarely in English, which could not be listed here individually due to the frequent change of languages (often within documents). A unit listed in a previous record could not be described in detail as it appears to have been missing since 1999 (L 51 No 286). Technical defects forced the repeated processing of the indices. An old signature index was not created, since the bones were sometimes assigned signatures inconsistently or its units were divided again by later rearrangements and insertions. However, the exact concordance can be seen in the Bone Findbuch, in which the new signatures were entered. For conservation reasons, most of the posters were taken from the files, some of which belong to related matters, such as a replica of a sham letter from a trial of Hilmar von Quernheim, proclamations of laws of the dominion of Vianen and the neighbouring Dutch territories, but also those concerning other matters, such as a signed order of soldiers of the imperial commander-in-chief Wallenstein from the Thirty Years' War. Some of these posters were used as file covers. The withdrawal notes could not initially be printed for the distortion units. Since the holdings concern Lippe's foreign possessions and claims, materials on these can also be found in other archives, above all those of the neighbouring Reich estates, such as the Duchy of Jülich (HStA Düsseldorf) for Beyenburg, Enger and Bünde. There are also sources on Ulenburg and Haus Beck in other archives. For the trials of Hilmar von Quernheim and Count zur Lippe by the Imperial Chamber of Justice there is a counter tradition mainly in the State Archives of Münster (RKG Q 113-116, ibid. L 629/630), as well as in the formerly inseparable Wetzlar holdings (now the Federal Archives) and in numerous other archives. The files of Haus Beck are deposited in the Stadtarchiv Löhne, while the corresponding materials have reached the Stadtarchiv Bielefeld at Ulenburg. There is also further tradition of the enfeoffment of the Quernheimers with the Ulenburg. For the reign of Vianen and Ameide the materials in Detmold go back to the Middle Ages, since here the older documents of the Lords of Brederode can be found, mostly in L 3 (some also in L 51 No.214, 229, 265; in addition prints or regests of older documents of the House of Brederode, ibid. No. 210 and 243, respectively), a stock which for the later period possesses parallel files to L 51 and also extends into the period after the sale. Of course there is additional delivery in the Netherlands. For the spread of materials from Sommersell and neighbouring places, L 89 A No. 231-233 should also be used. The extensive material collections and party files on the Reichskammergerichtsprozessen über Vianen and the sporadically appearing RKG files in L 51, which do not belong to the actual subject matters of this collection, could be assigned on the basis of the already existing index. Already in 1785 files sent back from Wetzlar to the Reichskammergerichtsprozeß about the sale of Vianen have reached the inventory L 95 I. The quote is as follows: L 51 No. (order number) Detmold, December 2004 Dr. Otfried Krafft