Origin and tradition: The Grand Ducal photo collection from the reign of Frederick I and his wife Luise probably originated from gifts, orders and acquisitions (e.g. while travelling). It is not yet possible to say to what extent there was a real will to collect, but the collection was carefully preserved, partly noted in inventory lists and probably moved from Karlsruhe Castle to the New Palace in Baden-Baden in 1919. There, even after the death of Grand Duchess Luise, he occasionally grew. When the castle inventory of 1995 was dissolved, the State of Baden-Württemberg was able to acquire the entire photo collection for the General State Archives; a selection of family photos and some magnificent volumes remained the property of the House of Baden. He also owns an essential part of the photo collection of the last Grand Duke, Frederick II, who fortunately was not kept in the Freiburg Palais after 1919. Content: The medium of photography was highly valued and consciously used at the Baden court as a modern form of princely representation. The distribution of portrait series to the public can be reconstructed and the long reign of Frederick I enabled the presence of the "father of the country" or the "parents of the country", as can be found among the Hohenzollern, the Wittelsbachers or the Habsburgs. Documents from these photo commissions to the court photographers make up a not insignificant part of the collection. The proportion of gifts and souvenir pictures received after anniversaries, celebrations, manoeuvres, exhibitions, inaugurations, etc. is greater; the handing over of portraits of foreign visitors also belonged to this group, especially in the context of the summer stays in Baden-Baden. One of the most important gifts are probably the works with which photographers wanted to attract attention, acquire the title of court photographer or receive further commissions; in this way, works from the early days of photography came into the Grand Duke's possession: signed prints by Charles Clifford, the Upper Italian and Southwest German series by Jakob August Lorent in 60x80 format already admired at the time of their creation (Lorent also left to the Grand Duke a detailed description of his recording and development process) or, to name regionally effective photographers, photographs by Richard/Heidelberg, Tillman-Matter/Mannheim, Th. shoe man
Demolition of the organisation of justice in the "Third Reich" until 1935: By a decree of the Ministry of Justice of 20 April 1933 on the competence of the ministries, a new Ministry of Culture, Education and Justice was formed from the previously independent Ministries of Culture and Education and the Ministry of Justice. The Justice Department resided in the old premises of the Ministry at Herrenstraße 1 in Karlsruhe. Reichskommissar Otto Wacker became head of the new ministry. With the "Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich" of 30 January 1934, the sovereign rights of the Länder were transferred to the Reich. Thus also the entire administration of justice became a matter for the Reich. Initially, however, the administration of justice continued to be administered by the Länder on behalf of the Reich (1st Ordinance of the Reich Minister of the Interior on the Reconstruction of the Reich of 2 February 1934). The Reich Law of 5 December 1934 created a department Württemberg-Baden with a branch in Karlsruhe at the Reich Ministry of Justice, which from 1 January to 31 March 1935 temporarily continued the business of the Baden Ministry of Justice. On April 1, 1935, the administration of justice was finally taken over by the Reich in all German states. Any remaining business of the former Baden Ministry of Justice that was not affected by the release was transferred to the President of the Karlsruhe Higher Regional Court and the General Prosecutor's Office. A separate administrative department was set up at the Higher Regional Court for this purpose. With the German occupation of Alsace in 1940, the jurisdiction of the Prosecutor General also partly extended to Alsace. Inventory history: In 1987, the present inventory reached the General State Archives in a disordered manner and without a list of consignments. The registry office of the Attorney General was located in the old premises of the former Baden Ministry of Justice at Herrenstraße 1 in Karlsruhe. As can be seen from handwritten notes on two file books (order numbers 281 and 1563), a considerable part of the files stored in the registry was probably burnt by the effects of war on 27 September 1944. After the annexation of Alsace in 1940, the registry was divided into two partial registries with their own business marks (Z4 for Baden and Z5 for Alsace). The files were arranged according to the general file plan of the judiciary and were left in this order at the time of recording. Some of the files were continued beyond the end of the war in 1945, and the order and registration work was carried out by archive inspector Bernd Breitkopf from March 1989 to June 1990. Mrs. L. Hessler took care of the title recordings and corrections. References to related holdings in the General State Archives: Individual further files of the Attorney General from the time of the "Third Reich" can be found in holdings 309, 309-2 and 309 access 1996-66. Together with the files of the present holdings, documents of the administration department of the Higher Regional Court Karlsruhe were also handed over to the General State Archives (240 access 1987-53). The files of the presidential department of the Higher Regional Court were completely destroyed by the effects of war in 1944. Karlsruhe, March 1991Bernd Breitkopf Conversion 2014: In 2014, this finding aid was converted in order to prepare it for the Internet. The conversion and data processing was done by Mr. Alexander Hoffmann, the final editor of the undersigned.Karlsruhe, in March 2014Dr. Martin Stingl Literature selection (as of 1991): Verfolgung und Widerstand unter dem Nationalsozialismus. The situation reports of the Gestapo and the General Prosecutor Karlsruhe 1933-1940, edited by Jörg Schadt, edited by the Stadtarchiv Mannheim, Stuttgart 1976, in the name of the people. Justice and National Socialism. Catalogue for the exhibition of the Federal Minister of Justice. Conception and text: Gerhard Fieberg, Cologne 1989.Rehberger, Horst: Die Gleichschaltung des Landes Baden 1932/33, Heidelberg 1966 (Heidelberger Rechtswissenschaftliche Abhandlung N.F. 19).
History of the possession of the island Mainau: After the abolition of the Kommende of the Teutonic Order on the island Mainau in 1805, the Kommenden possession first fell to the Baden state; today the Kommenden archive in the General State Archives consists mainly of the holdings 5 (documents Mainau) and 93 (files Mainau). After a rapid change of ownership - 1827 from Baden to Prince Nikolaus von Esterhazy, 1827 from his son Nikolaus Freiherr von Mainau to Katharina Gräfin Langenstein - Grand Duke Friedrich I of Baden bought the island from Langenstein¿schem in 1853 with funds from the private box and made the Teutonic Order palace a secondary residence. With advancing age, the stays of the Grand Duke and his wife Luise became increasingly frequent; the park owes its design largely to Frederick's initiative. In 1907 the Grand Duke of Mainau died. After her death in 1923, the widow's residence of the Grand Duchess was transferred to her son Frederick II, and from him to his sister Victoria, Queen of Sweden. In 1930, their grandson Lennart, now Count Bernadotte, took possession of the Mainau. History and notes on tradition: The Schlossarchiv, which was handed over to the General State Archives in 1997 as a deposit of Blumeninsel Mainau GmbH, depicts the history of possession and the court holdings of the Grand Ducal couple rather fragmentarily. Only the planned stock has survived as a closed overdelivery complex. After the death of Frederick I, Grand Duchess Luise decided that neither the castle nor the park could be altered in any way, so the plans provide a good overview of the conversion of the old Kommende buildings and the layout of the park from the Grand Ducal period to the Bernadotte era. Almost all the plans came from the architects of the Grand Ducal Court Building Office (Dyckerhoff, Hemberger, Amersbach), a few from the Court Garden Centre, from commissioned companies and from the Constance District Building Inspectorate. Outside the island, only the St. Katharina estate near Litzelstetten and a park bench near Constance are documented. The plans were recorded in detail by Ms. Kreyenberg before they were handed over to the General State Archives; her index continues to serve as a finding aid for the plan inventory, while the file part of the archive consists only of fragments. There are internal and external reasons for this. The changing courtly style between Karlsruhe, Baden-Baden, Badenweiler and Mainau may have brought with it a transport of written documents, which in all residences allowed half site-related, half accidentally left behind layers of files to emerge. In many respects, the Mainau holdings correspond almost perfectly to the files that have been kept in the General State Archives since 1995 from the tradition in the New Palace in Baden-Baden: Here and there the boundaries between the files of the court authorities, the daily ceremony and the personal, princely estate can hardly be drawn exactly, here and there correspondence and telegram series, diaries and notebooks, private entries and greeting addresses, documents of the wide-ranging charity work of Grand Duchess Luise and much more can be found. (cf. GLA 69 Baden, Collection 1995 A, B, D, F I, FII, G , K). In a nutshell, the Mainau collection - insofar as it does not directly refer to the Mainau court - microscopically depicts the Baden-Baden manor; both collections relate primarily to Grand Duchess Luise, and only in the second to her husband and children. As in Baden-Baden, the Mainau collection also includes a large group of photographs documenting, among other things, the close ties to relatives of the imperial family. Unlike in Baden-Baden, however, the fragmentary character of the Mainau archive also seems to be due to unintentional interventions. In the summer of 1945, the castle served as a military hospital for former concentration camp prisoners; during this time, they are said to have burned the archives, the bookkeeping and the more recent documentation of the island and to have taken documents with them when they were released in September (Alexander and Johanna Dées de Sterio, Die Mainau, Stuttgart / Zürich 1977 p.93). It will no longer be possible to reconstruct exactly what kind of archive this was; in any case, it must have been the written records of the goods administration which were taken over by the successors of the Teutonic Order and continued through the 19th century. Only fractions of files from this area have actually survived in today's inventory. Editor's report: Because of the difficult history of tradition, the order of the remaining holdings was not easy either. A separation according to personnel and court office conveniences would have made little sense and would also have been hardly possible in view of fragments that could hardly be allocated. Thus special occasions (such as birthdays and anniversaries) and special source genres (such as notebooks or telegrams) now form the highest order criteria, then the reference to persons or events and finally, within a unit of records, the chronological order; however, most of these units of records had to be formed first, since at the time the inventory was taken over any order of parts was not recognizable; as a rule they were loose, connected sheets.In August and September 1998, in the context of the training for the Higher Archive Service, the holdings were arranged by Claudia Maria Neesen and Christof Strauß under the guidance of the undersigned and recorded and indexed with the help of the MIDOSA programme package of the Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg. Karlsruhe, June 1999Konrad Krimm Conversion: The finding aid was converted in 2015. The final editing was carried out by Sara Diedrich in April 2016. The plans and building drawings were added under the inventory designation 69 Baden, Mainau K to the inventory 69 Baden, Mainau and listed under the signatures 69 Baden, Mainau K 1 to 69 Baden, Mainau K 209.