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'Akonolinga. - Establishment of the post by Captain Dominik

Contains: Memorandum on preparatory work for mobilization in the event of a war with a great power for D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a , April 1912; "Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika" - Records of the Major General von Lettow-Vorbeck on contrasts between command and governor Schnee, without date; excerpts from letters to General von Lettow, 1914-1916

Contains among other things: Testimonial booklets as Kadett 1881-1882 Testimonial booklets as Kadett 1883-1887 Appointment as Portepee Ensign in 4th Guard Regiment on Foot, Feb. 7, 1888 Testimony of Maturity as Officer, Dec. 24, 1888 Appointment as Seconde Lieutenant, Feb. 17, 1888 Granting of Permission to Carry the Name of Lettow-Vorbeck, Feb. 30, 1888 March 1891 appointed Premier-Lieutenant, 30 May 1895 certificate of the Kriegsakademie, 31 Oct. 1898 appointed Captain, 23 Oct. 1901 certificate of employment as Captain of the Schutztruppe, 23 March 1901 transferred from East Asian Expeditionary Corps to Queen Elisabeth Garde-Grenadier-Regiment No. 3, Sept. 9, 1901 Command to the Great General Staff, Sept. 14, 1906 Appointment as Major of the Infantry, March 22, 1907 Appointment as Lieutenant Colonel of the Marine Infantry, Oct. 1, 1913 Command as representative of the Commander of the Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika, Oct. 12, 1913 Command as representative of the Commander of the Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika, Sept. 12, 1913 Command as representative of the Commander of the Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika, Sept. 12, 1913 Command as representative of the Commander of the Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika, Sept. 12, 1913 Command as representative of the Commander of the German Army, Sept. 12, 196 Appointment as Major of the Infantry, March 22, 1907 Appointment as Lieutenant Colonel of the Marine Infantry, Oct. 12, 1913 Command as representative of the Schutz. Dec. 1913 promotion to Major General, Oct. 29, 1917 permission to carry on the uniform of the Schutztruppe, March 1, 1919 appointment as leader of a Reichswehr brigade, March 9, 1919 resignation from the Reichswehr, Sept. 30, 1919

Contains among other things: Reichsbund Deutscher Eisenbahner-Kriegsteilnehmer 1914-1918 List of members of the Association of Former Officers of the Kaiserliche Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika, 1925 Kölner Kolonial-Klub e. V. Bund Deutscher Marine-Vereine

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Contains: Volume 1911, No. 9-12; Volume 1912, No. 1-12; Volume 1913, No. 1-12; Volume 1914, No. 1-7;

History of the Inventor: After the German Reich had abandoned an active colonial policy in the first years of its existence due to foreign policy considerations, this changed in 1884. The colonies Deutsch-Südwestafrika, Togo, Cameroon, Deutsch-Neuguinea, Deutsch-Ostafrika and Samoa, formally referred to as "protectorates", emerged. The governorates of these protectorates established in the following period were first under the control of the Colonial Department in the A u s w ä r t i g e s A m t and finally of the resulting R e i c h s k o l o n i a l a m t . The Kiautschou leasehold in China, acquired in 1898, was subject to the R e i c h s m a r i n e a m t . From the very beginning it was necessary to be able to assert and protect the interests of the empire in the colonies by military force. In the initial phase, this task was performed by ships and landing commands of the Imperial Navy. In the German South Sea colonies this remained so until the end. In the African colonies there was a development of their own. In 1889, a troupe of German volunteers with a contract under an active officer (Captain Curt von François) was formed in D e u t s c h - S ü d w e s t a f r i k a , which was initially only to perform police duties. In 1889, in D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a, the Reich Commissioner Captain Herrmann Wissmann set up a troop of recruited Africans to suppress the "Arab Uprising" that broke out in 1888. With the law of 22 March 1891 the "Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika" was finally formed from volunteers of the army and navy as well as recruited volunteers, followed by the "Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Südwestafrika" and the "Schutztruppe für Kamerun" with the law of 9 June 1895. A protection force for Togo was planned at times, but was not formed, just as there were no protection forces for German New Guinea or Samoa. Only police troops were formed there. In the respective protectorates the governor held the highest military power, the commander of the protection troop was subordinated to him. The protection troops were responsible for maintaining security and public order. At times the individual protection troops were exclusively occupied with the suppression of insurrections of the indigenous population. To this end, some considerable personnel reinforcements were recruited from Germany. The Schutztruppen were first led by the Reichsmarineamt. With the "Gesetz betreffend die Kaiserlichen Schutztruppen in den Afrikanischen Schutzgebieten und die Wehrpflicht daselbst" of 18 July 1896, the Schutztruppen were subordinated to the Reich Chancellor, administered by the Colonial Department in the Foreign Office. In the Colonial Department, the Department M - Military Administration (Command or High Command of the Protection Forces) was responsible. The Prussian War Ministry (Army Department) took over the organizational support. Command affairs were handled by the Director of the Colonial Department, with Division M as his military staff. With the establishment of the R e i c h s k o l o n i a l a m t by the Most High Decree of 17 May 1907, the command of the Schutztruppen was placed under its control, now as a military command staff with responsible command power. Like the Navy, the Schutztruppen were under the supreme command of the Emperor. Its members were volunteers of the army (or armies of Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony and Württemberg) and the navy, who retired from the respective army or navy for the time of their service in the Schutztruppen and then returned there again. The male German population in the protectorates was subject to compulsory military service. The conscripts in the Schutztruppen were able to meet these demands. In 1913 the Schutztruppe included the following personnel: - Command of the Schutztruppe in Berlin: 80 men - Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika: 2758 men (266 Germans, 2492 natives) - Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Südwestafrika: 1970 Mann (German) - Schutztruppe für Kamerun: 1471 Mann (171 German, 1300 indigenous) During the Herero Uprising, the Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Südwestafrika's personnel strength in 1907 was approx. 15,000 men. The outbreak of the First World War hit the German colonies unprepared. Defensive measures against other colonial powers had never been seriously considered, the Imperial Government had assumed that in the event of a European conflict the colonies could be kept out of the fighting according to the agreements in the Congo Act of 1885, despite warning voices from the colonies themselves. On 1 August 1914, therefore, only a state of emergency was declared in the protectorates. It was not until mid-August 1914 that mobilization began in the protectorates, but the armed units there (Schutztruppen, police troops, naval units present) were ultimately without a chance compared with the opponents who were far superior in terms of numbers and materials. The following were lost, partly after fierce fighting, partly without a fight: - on 27 August 1914 Togo - on 7 September 1914 Samoa - on 17 September 1914 Deutsch-Neuguinea - on 9 July 1915 Deutsch-Südwestafrika - in February 1916 Cameroon The Kiautschou leasehold area under the control of the Navy had capitulated after heavy fighting on 7 November 1914. It was only in D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a that the Schutztruppe was able to hold its ground to the end and thus bind considerable enemy forces. Their commander, Major General Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, only laid down his weapons on 25 November 1918 on order from Berlin. Processing note: The stock RW 51 was originally created as stock for the "imperial protection troops and other German land forces overseas" and comprised 29 units. In 2010, the documents of the East Asian Expeditionary Corps were extracted and, together with the corresponding new additions, formed the newly created holdings RW 61. Since then, the holdings of RW 51 have consisted exclusively of documents of the Imperial Protection Forces and were subsequently fundamentally revised and developed further. Some new additions were added. Description of the holdings: The collection contains the documents of the Imperial Schutztruppen for D e u t s c h - S ü d w e s t a f r i k a , D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a and Cameroon, as well as the command of the Schutztruppen, as far as they are available in the military archives. Characterization of content: The inventory contains only a few real fact files. It consists above all of a compilation of commandos of the Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika from 1907 to 1914, as well as a file of the same commandos with reports of subordinated units and offices from 1916. In addition there are documents on organization and supply in Deutsch-Ostafrika and Deutsch-Südwestafrika and in particular some hand-drawn maps. Only two documents have survived on Cameroon. State of development: The inventory RW 51 was originally created as an inventory for the "imperial protection troops and other German land forces overseas" and comprised 29 units. In 2010, the documents of the East Asian Expeditionary Corps were extracted and, together with the corresponding new additions, formed the newly created holdings RW 61. Since then, the holdings of RW 51 have consisted exclusively of documents of the Imperial Protection Forces and were subsequently fundamentally revised and developed further. Some new additions were added. Pre-archival order: The tradition of the Schutztruppen In the Bundearchiv military archive is purely fragmentary. The Schutztruppen archive in the Heeresarchiv was destroyed during the air raid on Potsdam in April 1945. This applies to the personnel files of the Schutztruppen and to the records in the archives of the Schutztruppen in the colonies themselves. The tradition of the command of the Schutztruppen is essentially in the R 1001 R e i c h s k o l o n i a l a m t . The documents of the protection troops remaining in Africa after the First World War are now in the national archives of Tanzania (Dar es Salaam), Namibia (Windhoek) and Cameroon (Duala). In addition, the Belgian Imperial Archives in Brussels contain documents of the Rwandan Schutztruppen. Films on the documents in Windhoek and Dar es Salaam can be found in the Federal Archives in Berlin. Replacement records of the Schutztruppen and their deployments can be found above all in the documents of the Imperial Navy, which as a rule acted in a supportive capacity or, during uprisings, also issued landing commands. In addition, reference should be made to the tradition of the contingents of protection troops in the respective state archives provided by Bavaria, Saxony and Württemberg. Scope, explanation: 30 AU Citation method: BArch, RW 51/...

History of the inventor: Born 21 September 1865 in Baldenburg, district of Schlochau, died 31 December 1924 in Dresden. 1874 Admission to the Kulmer Kadettenkorps, then Prussian Hauptkadettenanstalt and in April 1885 entry as lieutenant second in the infantry regiment "von borcke" (4th Pommersches) No. 21 in Thorn. 1887 Transfer to the 2nd Lower Alsatian Infantry Regiment No. 137 in September 1888, one year's leave of absence to go to Africa. After a short time working for the D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i kanische Gesellschaft as an officer in the Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika. On 18 May 1889 he took part in a battle at Dar-es-Salam as part of the suppression of the so-called Arab uprising. 1890 He rejoins the army. 1891-1904 Education at the Prussian Academy of War; 1895 transfer to the Grand General Staff. In the same year wedding with Luise Lindner. In 1898 he was promoted to captain during his command at the Reichsmarineamt, which from 1898 to 1899 included surveying work in the Kiautschou leasehold. 1900 Return to Germany and activity in the general staff. From 1902 company commander in infantry regiment 41. In 1904 promotion to major and transfer to the general staff of the stage command of the Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Südwestafrika. There he participated in the so-called Herero and Hottentot campaigns. During the Nama Uprising, Maercker led the Schutztruppen units in the Battle of Nubib and was wounded. 1910 Farewell to the Schutztruppe and appointment as battalion commander in the infantry regiment "König Ludwig III. von Bayern" (2nd Lower Silesian) No. 47. 1912 promotion lieutenant colonel; 1913 appointment as commander of the North Sea island Borkum. 1914 Promotion to colonel. 1915 and 1916 as regiment commander participation in the position fights at the Kormyn and at the Styr, afterwards at the western front, among others Yser, in the Wyschaete arch as well as at St. Eloi. Wounded in the Battle of the Somme in 1916, then in positional battles on the Aisne. At the end of 1916 he took part in the battles on the Narajowka and Zlota Lipa; from 1917 he was deployed on the western front: Somme, Wytschaete Arc, Yser, Arras, Champagne and Flanders with renewed wounding. Awarded the Pour le Mérite Order on 1 October 1917 and the Pour le Mérite Oak Leaf Order on 3 May 1918. On 18 August 1917 promotion to Major General and appointment as Commander of the 214th Division. In December 1918 Maercker formed the Freikorps "Landesjäger" from parts of his division; deployment of the Freikorps during the suppression of the Spartakus uprising in January 1919 in Berlin, followed by deployments in Weimar, Gotha, Erfurt, Halle, Magdeburg, Braunschweig and Helmstedt. On 2 May the Freikorps was integrated into the Reichswehr as Reichswehrbrigade 16. On 28 April 1920 Maercker was released from active military service. In 1922 he founded the Deutscher Kolonialkriegerbund. Processing note: General Wehrkreis IV (Saxony)? Description of the holdings: Major General, documents, personal letters, training documents, portrait photos, colonial history: General der Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Südwestafrika. R e i c h s k o l o n i a l a m t , surveying Tsingtau, commander of the infantry in the First World War in France and Belgium, Wehrkreiskommando IV, Freikorpsführer Geb. 21. September 1865 in Baldenburg, Kreis Schlochau, died 31. December 1924 in Dresden. 1874 Admission to the Kulmer Kadettenkorps, then Prussian Hauptkadettenanstalt and in April 1885 entry as lieutenant second in the infantry regiment "von borcke" (4th Pommersches) No. 21 in Thorn. 1887 Transfer to the 2nd Lower Alsatian Infantry Regiment No. 137 in September 1888, one year's leave of absence to go to Africa. After a short time working for the D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i kanische Gesellschaft as an officer in the Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika. On 18 May 1889 he took part in a battle at Dar-es-Salam as part of the suppression of the so-called Arab uprising. 1890 He rejoins the army. 1891-1904 Education at the Prussian Academy of War; 1895 transfer to the Grand General Staff. In the same year wedding with Luise Lindner. In 1898 he was promoted to captain during his command at the Reichsmarineamt, which from 1898 to 1899 included surveying work in the Kiautschou leasehold. 1900 Return to Germany and activity in the general staff. From 1902 company commander in infantry regiment 41. In 1904 promotion to major and transfer to the general staff of the stage command of the Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Südwestafrika. There he participated in the so-called Herero and Hottentot campaigns. During the Nama Uprising, Maercker led the Schutztruppen units in the Battle of Nubib and was wounded. 1910 Farewell to the Schutztruppe and appointment as battalion commander in the infantry regiment "König Ludwig III. von Bayern" (2nd Lower Silesian) No. 47. 1912 promotion lieutenant colonel; 1913 appointment as commander of the North Sea island Borkum. 1914 Promotion to colonel. 1915 and 1916 as regiment commander participation in the position fights at the Kormyn and at the Styr, afterwards at the western front, among others Yser, in the Wyschaete arch as well as at St. Eloi. Wounded in the Battle of the Somme in 1916, then in positional battles on the Aisne. At the end of 1916 he took part in the battles on the Narajowka and Zlota Lipa; from 1917 he was deployed on the western front: Somme, Wytschaete Arc, Yser, Arras, Champagne and Flanders with renewed wounding. Awarded the Pour le Mérite Order on 1 October 1917 and the Pour le Mérite Oak Leaf Order on 3 May 1918. On 18 August 1917 promotion to Major General and appointment as Commander of the 214th Division. In December 1918 Maercker formed the Freikorps "Landesjäger" from parts of his division; deployment of the Freikorps during the suppression of the Spartakus uprising in January 1919 in Berlin, followed by deployments in Weimar, Gotha, Erfurt, Halle, Magdeburg, Braunschweig and Helmstedt. On 2 May the Freikorps was integrated into the Reichswehr as Reichswehrbrigade 16. On 28 April 1920 Maercker was released from active military service. In 1922 he founded the Deutscher Kolonialkriegerbund. Citation style: BArch, N 786/...

1. to the biography Georg von Körbling: Georg von Körbling was born in Würzburg on 12.5.1856 as son of the Bavarian Genie-Oberleutnants and later Obersten Ignaz Körbling and his wife Auguste, née Hausmann. At the age of 13, von Körbling was admitted to the Bavarian Cadet School in Munich, where he received five years of military training. In 1874 he entered the Württemberg service as a junior officer of the flag and in the pre-war period he became colonel and commander of the infantry regiment of Kaiser Wilhelm König v. Preußen (2nd Württ. No. 120) in Ulm (22.4.1912). At the beginning of the First World War, von Körbling was deployed in the Argonne Mountains (France), but fell ill with the Ruhr in September 1914 and returned to Ulm. The change of periods of service and illness then went through his entire wartime, spent exclusively on the western front or in Württemberg: from December 1914, von Körbling took command of the Deputy 53rd Infantry Brigade in Ulm and was promoted to Major General on the occasion of the imperial birthday (27.1.1915). In February 1915, he returned to the French front as commander of infantry regiment no. 120, and in April 1915, he took command of the 53rd Infantry Brigade. With this unit von Körbling was first deployed in the Argonne, from January 1916 in Flanders and from July 1916 in the Somme (France). Due to a renewed illness von Körbling was transferred to the officers of the army in September 1916 and appointed commander of the I. Deputy 54th Infantry Brigade in Ulm in October 1916. After a year, he rejoined the French front. From November 1917 he commanded the Prussian 37th Reserve Infantry Brigade, from March 1918 the 202nd Infantry Division deployed in Lorraine. Already in June 1918 von Körbling fell ill again and was again seconded to the officers by the army. After his promotion to Lieutenant General (18.7.1918) he assumed the chairmanship of an OHL commission at the staff of Army Division B from 20 July to 16 October 1918. Von Körbling retired from military service in July 1919. During his military career von Körbling received several high German and non-German awards, among others the Order of the Württembergische Krone, which was connected with the personal nobility (3.5.1911), the Iron Cross 1st class (2.10.1914), the Prussian Red Eagle Order 2nd class with swords (27.12.1916), the Bulgarian Alexander Order (8.8.1917) and the Austrian Military Cross 2nd class (6.12.1917). During the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich, von Körbling's activities included the publication of newspaper articles and lectures on his war experiences. As commander of an imperial body regiment, he had already taken part in the emperor's New Year receptions in the pre-war period. For this reason, Körbling was invited to a feast in Doorn (Netherlands) in 1929 on the occasion of the 70th birthday of Wilhelm II. Körbling's visit to Doorn is mentioned in his autobiographical writings. Georg von Körbling had been married to Adelinde von Fischer since 1886 and had two sons with her, one of whom (Theobald) died shortly after her birth in 1887. Georg von Körbling died on 27.1.1942 in Ulm. 2 On the biography of Alfred Körbling: Alfred Theobald Lukas Karl Körbling was born on 19 January 1889 in Weingarten as the second son of Georg von Körbling and his wife Adelinde. Körbling's military training began in the spring of 1902, when he first entered the Prussian Kadettenhaus Karlsruhe and finally the Hauptkadettenanstalt Großlichterfelde. In 1908 he was transferred as a lieutenant to the Grenadier Regiment No. 123 in Ulm and remained there with a short interruption until 1913. After a successful application, Körbling changed to the Imperial Protection Force for D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a in spring 1913 and joined the 10th Field Company in Dar es Salaam in autumn 1913. Only one month later he was transferred to the 1st Field Company in Arusha near Kilimanjaro. At the beginning of the First World War, Körbling participated in operations against the Uganda Railway in British East Africa and in the northeast of the German protectorate. In 1916 he fell ill with various tropical diseases, so that after the withdrawal of the German troops in autumn 1916 he was handed over to the British units because of his inability to transport. After stays in several military hospitals and camps, Körbling was sent to a British prisoner of war camp on Malta in 1918. In 1919 he returned to Ulm and in 1920 retired from the army in the rank of captain. During the First World War Alfred Körbling received the Iron Cross 2nd class (2.9.1916), among others. In the Weimar Republic Körbling began to study at the Agricultural University of Hohenheim after various occupations in the agricultural sector, which he completed with a diploma in 1926. From 1927 onwards, Körbling headed the Heeresfachschule für Landwirtschaft in Tübingen and on January 1, 1930, received a permanent post as a specialist student councillor. Körbling joined the NSDAP in the Weimar Republic as a party politician and held the rank of Sturmbannführer in the Weimar Republic.Alfred Körbling had been married to the general daughter Erna Zöller since 1919 and had three daughters. He died on 22.7.1933 in Tübingen of heart paralysis. 3. on the estate of Georg von Körbling and Alfred Körbling: documents from the estate of Georg von Körbling, especially war diaries, lecture manuscripts and printed matter, were handed over to the army archive in Stuttgart a few months after the death of the general in June 1942. These documents passed into the possession of the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart in 1945. In 1955 Alfons Beiermeister carried out a recording of the archives. In spring 2011, the Stuttgart State Archives were able to produce reproductions of documents by Georg von Körblings and Alfred Körblings, which are in the possession of Ilse Hames, Alfred Körblings eldest daughter. These were photographic documents and autobiographical writings by Georg von Körbling and photographs by Alfred Körbling. The addition of new documents to the M 660/133 estate necessitated a new distortion. This was carried out in August 2011 by archive assistant Michael Ucharim, M.A. under the direction of Dr. Wolfgang Mährle. The stock now comprises 17 tufts. The documents adopted in 2011 were given bundle numbers 1-4 and 13-14. 4. Source references: Georg von Körbling: HStAS: M 430/2 Bü 1111; M 703 R233N1-6, R191N31, R191aN17; M 707 Nr. 827, 828; M 743/2 Bü 270; Alfred Körbling: HStAS: M 430/2 Bü 1109; StAS: Wü 13 T 2 Nr. 2140/143;Adelinde von Körbling: StAS: Wü 42 T 9 No. 69;Erna Körbling: StAS: Wü 13 T 2 No. 2568/615.Stuttgart , August 2011Dr. Wolfgang MährleMichael Ucharim, M.A.

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Contains among other things: Instruction for the Maritime Officer (Reproduction) attached to the Government of D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a, 14 March 1891 Act concerning the Emperors. Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika (print), 1891 Organizational regulations for the Kaiserl. Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika (print), 9 Apr. 1891 Budget for the East African protectorate for the budget year 1891/1892 (draft, reproduction), 1891 clothing regulations for the Kaiserl. Protection Force (transcript), 4 June 1891

Contains among other things: Leading the German war flag at authorities and institutions of the Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika (AKO, copy), Aug. 21, 1893 Reorganization of the officers' corps of the Schutztruppe (memorandum, duplication), Oct. 31, 1893

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