Introduction 1st history of ownership The Detmold stock L 51 Foreign ownership of Lippe is divided into several local subgroups. The connection of these places consists in the fact that they contain different lippic rights (possessions, claims, pledges and bailiwicks) outside the closed territory. On the one hand it is a zone not far from the actual dominion area in the north or north-west (Enger, Bünde, Quernheim and Dünner Mark as well as Ulenburg), on the other hand it is also more distant areas such as the Beyenburg an der Wupper office, the sovereign dominion of Vianen south of Utrecht and the Freckenhorst monastery near Münster. In terms of time, however, the files on the individual groups are far apart, as they contain events from the 15th to the end of the 18th century (apart from copies of older documents supposedly dating back to 1031). Beyenburg was part of the duchy of Jülich-Kleve-Berg, but had served as the widow's seat of Countess Maria von Waldeck, who died in 1593. After this, negotiations and the actual takeover as a pledge by Count Simon VI zur Lippe took place, whereupon the administration by his officials (from 1597), which lasted for a decade, and the quite soon redemption by Jülich (1607) took place. The Lippe administration consisted of three persons, the rent master Wilhelm von Pylsum, who was taken over by Jülich and replaced by Hermann Kirchmann in 1602, another bailiff and the forester. The affairs of the office are reflected above all in the correspondence of the rent master and the bailiff with the count to the Lippe. In addition, account books and lists of receipts and expenditures have been preserved, and the two changes of government each led to an inventory of the rights and goods held there. The fact that the dismissed rent master of Pylsum and Count Simon VI also had a dispute over the years with Lippe has also found its expression in the records. In the village of Bünde, the Lippe rights consisted mainly of market duties, which are documented for some years (1551-1560) as well as external interventions against these rights. The office of Enger had been pledged to Bishop Wilhelm von Paderborn by the noblemen of Lippe in 1409. In the 16th century, the counts of zur Lippe repeatedly attempted to trigger the pledge at the Dukes of Jülich, to whom Enger had meanwhile come. Special activities developed in this respect under Count Simon VI in the years since 1576. The recovery did not succeed because there were disagreements about the exact scope of the pledged office. However, due to the establishment of a commission to delimit and record the Lippic rights there, protocols were drawn up containing an inventory of Enger around 1578. The files of the Quernheim monastery refer to the women's abbey there, the bailiwick of which the Counts of Lippe had held since the 13th century. In the 16th century, the abbesses there made frequent use of them, for example to protect their own people against attacks by representatives of the Minden monastery, but also against the town of Lübbecke and the Counts of Diepholz, and also to safeguard their claims for logging and pig fattening and for possessions and disagreements in the convent. In the end, the monastery became dependent on Minden after the departure of some sisters, against which even a joint action of the Counts of Lippe and the monastery of Osnabrück before the Imperial Chamber Court could not do anything. However, in the 18th century, the Counts of Lippe still had the bailiwick of Osnabrück as a lord over them. The Ulenburg collection is particularly extensive. The Lippe feudal sovereignty over this castle was established in 1470 and resulted from a successful feud between Lippe and the city of Herford against the Lords of Quernheim. Already the period before the later direct exercise of Lippe's power is well documented, because apparently the written estate of the last owner Hilmar von Quernheim was taken over. Hilmar, a Danish colonel in the service of Denmark and a drost of various masters, was involved in numerous legal disputes, such as a dispute with his cousin Jasper von Quernheim over Haus Beck, a property that often appears in the Ulenburg files. Hilmar's conflict over the sovereign rights claimed by the Minden monastery, in which his liege lord Simon VI soon supported him to the Lippe, and which continued after Hilmar's death ( 1581), had more consequences. Now the Ulenburg was claimed as a fief fallen home by Simon VI and after a long dispute with Minden it was finally claimed. When Minden handed the Ulenburg over to Lippe at the end of 1593 after an imperial penal mandate, the conflict was not over, as the condition of the castle was not satisfactory for Count Simon VI. In a continuation process (until 1607) numerous witnesses were questioned by an imperial commission and extensive lists of the income of the Ulenburg were drawn up. Although the Ulenburg reached the von Wrede family via Philipp zur Lippe-Alverdissen as early as the beginning of the 17th century, after their bankruptcy Lippe once again briefly took over the dominion there (around 1708 to 1711). Apparently the documents inventoried at that time were kept and then brought to the archive in Brake. Among them are also the files and numerous books of accounts from the end of the 16th century up to the time of von Wrede and her bankruptcy. From the Ulenburg, after their takeover, the older Lippe rights were administered in the Dünner Mark, such as the timber court there, which was also disputed with the Minden monastery. The relevant files can also be found in the Ulenburg collection. In contrast to the other subcases, the Freckenhorst Act only refers to a specific political process outside Lippe, namely the election of a new abbess. After the death of Abbess Margarete zur Lippe, Count Simon VI attempted to have his daughter Elisabeth elected as his successor, which found support in Freckenhorst but was prevented due to the intervention of the Münster Monastery in favour of a Catholic candidate. Thus it is basically not a "foreign possession" of Lippe. The dominions of Vianen and Ameide as well as the Burgraviate of Utrecht passed from the von Brederode family to the Counts of Dohna (1684). Through her heiress Amalie zu Dohna, the wife of Simon Heinrichs zur Lippe, the Dutch exclave came to Lippe in 1686. On September 3, 1725, however, it was sold to the Dutch General States, but the Vianisches Archiv remained, as far as family matters in the broadest sense were concerned, with the Haus Lippe in accordance with the contract. It contains numerous documents of the last members of the House of Brederode (Johann Wolfert, Wolfert and Hedwig) and their heirs Carl Emil and Amalie from the family of Dohna, including correspondence with the extensive relatives to whom financial obligations also existed due to a Fidei compromise regulation for Vianas. For exactly this reason, the later-born members of the house Lippe (Agnaten) saw themselves injured with the sales of Vianen in their there claims and went before the imperial chamber court. In Wetzlar they finally had success, which is why the ruling Counts zur Lippe had to pay compensation and now tried to sue their own responsible persons. Thus, the Lippe protagonists in the sales negotiations, President Christoph von Piderit and Government Councillor Blume, were confronted with accusations which led to a trial of the Lippe tax against the former president. Due to these later legal disputes, the materials of the internal administration of the Vianen dominion were preserved in order to document their legal and financial condition. Therefore these matters can be traced in detail, especially the payments of the rent masters Peter Inghenhouse (1679 still until at least 1698), Elisa Gordon (parallel to it since approx. 1694 to 1721, before already secretary, later mayor), Wolfert Louis van der Waal (interim 1721), Arnold Henrik Feith (1721-1724), Henrik van Dortmond (1725) as well as the special envoy Simon Henrich Blume (1725/26 respectively 1727/30). In addition, the Drost (Drossart) appeared, first for years Jacques de l¿Homme de la Fare, then from 1710 to 1725 Jean Henry Huguetan (married van Odijk, later Count Güldensteen) and other councillors, who together formed the government council of Vianen established in 1681. All those involved in administration cumulated several posts and, after their departure, often still dealt with their previous affairs, making it difficult to delimit them. This kind of administration seems to have been taken over from the time of von Brederode and during the intermezzo under Carl Emil to Dohna quite uninterruptedly under the Lippe rule, as well as personal continuities and connections (Elisa Gordon was related for instance to the family van Dortmond, this again with Jobst B.). Barckhausen). Nathan van Dortmond, who came from Vianen, even managed to climb the rank of Landgographer in Lippe, while councils from Germany were only active in Vianen in the early and late Lippe period, such as Justus Dietrich Neuhaus, Theodor Fuchs and Simon Henrich Blume. 2. inventory history The first six subgroups of the inventory L 51 were arranged by Johann Ludwig Knoch according to factual aspects, arranged and listed with quite detailed information in his find book. This kind of distortion depended very much on his preferences, which is why invoices and the like or sources about the subjects were kept, but hardly noticed. At the beginning of the files formed by Knoch there are often copies of late medieval documents, which mostly became legally relevant for later events, which only emerge in the further course of the often chronologically sorted compilations. Not only is the overall title of Auswärtiger Besitz somewhat imprecise due to the inclusion of the appointment of an abbess in Freckenhorst, which was decided to Lippe's disadvantage. Also the subdivisions were carried out schematically in such a way that connected processes were formally correctly separated into individual proceedings, but which belong to each other objectively (for instance the case Hilmar von Quernheim against Erich Dux, at least Drosten von Hausberge, as well as against his rule, bishop and cathedral chapter of the monastery Minden). In addition, bundles of remains appear, the distribution of which Knoch had still planned but not realized on different subject groups (L 51 No. 46, 160, similar to Vianen No. 265/66, and on mixed matters, No. 267), or also scattered individual pieces, which belong to a common process (affairs of the Colonel Alexander Günther von Wrede, L 51 No. 43, 55, 62). Some of these have no connection whatsoever with Lippe's external possessions, such as extracts from the minutes of the Reichskammergericht (L 51 No. 160) belonging to various trials. The invoices of the Beyenburg office (L 51 No. 14) also contained a bundle with letters on otherwise unrelated extra-lippic property titles (in Sommersell, Kariensiek and Entrup in the Oldenburg velvet office), which Knoch had still provided with his typical marginal notes at the upper margin and sorted chronologically, but without recording them. The situation is very similar with the invoices for a building that Count Simon VI had erected on Prague Castle Hill from 1608 (No. 120). There are apparently two further subgroups of the foreign property in the state of origin, which were not taken into account in Bnoch's find book and in the classification of the holdings. Furthermore, Knoch had laid out some files about the subjects of the Ulenburg, but had provided them with the remark nullius momenti (without meaning) in his find book and had not listed them more closely. In it, however, there are quite interesting matters from the end of the 17th century (L 51 No. 100 and. 101), such as letters of release, estate inventories of simple people, complaints about beer adultery or registers of persons together with their land and cattle. The seventh subgroup with the files on Vianas was apparently added to inventory L 51 only later. A part of the material came to Detmold only in 1726, to which were added the relevant entrances already present in the residence and the material of the later processes. Although Knoch has still inscribed individual files at the beginning and end of the partial stock (L 51 No. 265-267), its indexing is missing, at least in the preserved find book L 51. When the files on the proceedings of the family at Dohna were sought out again after 1772 because of the intervention of the Prussian King Frederick II, Knoch also became active, as a family tree and some remarks by his hand prove (L 51 No. 191). In the seventh subgroup, Vianen, there are on the one hand the entrances relating to the reign. In addition, there are materials which were brought to Detmold in 1726 when the archive at Batestein Castle in Vianen was divided. These files were apparently reassembled for later investigations and processes, but the L 3 stock, which did not contain only documents, was separated. Later orders of the Vianen substock were only carried out at a shallow depth. In principle, the present order seems on the one hand to go back to the structure of the matter for the Wetzlar Imperial Chamber Court process, which was conducted with the Lippe co-heirs, as also shown by corresponding notes (so to L 51 No. 218, No. 223), but on the other hand it concerns the annexes to the report of the later investigative commissions on the role of the Lippe councillors in the sale of the dominion. All in all, it is a rather colourful mixture of the most varied pieces from the administration of the dominion, which have to do not only with the period under the Counts of Lippe, but also with earlier centuries, above all from the reign of the von Brederode family and from the decades after the sale. The use by the Count of Lippe of the money obtained from the sale of vianas is also documented in detail. In addition, the private documents of Countess Amalie zur Lippe, née Dohna, have also been included in the documents about her inheritance, the dominion of Vianen, even if they had nothing to do with it directly. A part of the correspondence about and from Vianas was unfortunately arranged schematically (obviously not by Knoch) by sender. Thus the original factual connections were partly torn apart, which are now scattered over the directory units L 51 No. 268 to 285. The Vianen sub-collection also contained a collection of remnants, including copies of medieval documents, beginning with the foundation of the Abdinghof monastery [1031], and other documents, some of which are completely unrelated or only in connection with the collection, such as the possession of the Count of Geldern in the vicinity of Vianen or refer to ancestors of the Brederode family (such as Knight Arnold von Herlaer). Their inscription speaks for itself, for instance (L 51 No. 267): Quodlibet of collected individual pieces of file, of which the persecution, to which they belong, can perhaps still be found, or (ibid.) old news, of which perhaps still some use can be made. The collected printed matter (L 51 No. 255) and diaries, including the records of the secretary of Hedwig von Brederode for 1679 and 1680, but also an anonymous description of a sea voyage to America (1776), are more related to Vianas. The first evaluation of the inventory was carried out according to the state of the distortion. Since Count Simon VI. zur Lippe played a particularly important role in many of the parts of L 51, August Falkmann often referred to it in his work about this ruler in a way that owes much to the Bone Regests. Besides Falkmann, Otto Preuß also took a closer look at the materials for Ulenburg for the first time, while this pioneering achievement for Beyenburg was performed by Werhan. Peter van Meurs, who was involved in the drawing of the Vianic inventory L 3 in The Hague until 1909, probably also evaluated parts of L 51 VII for his work on the heritage of the House of Brederode. The inventory consists of 286 units in now 85 cartons; the oldest (transcribed) document in it allegedly originates from 1031, the most recent from 1796. The inventory took place from 17 October to 15 December 2004. On the one hand, the aim was to proceed in a more analytical and summarizing manner in order to better emphasize the characteristics of the nudes; on the other hand, the materials not yet considered by Knoch, the later rearrangements and additions, and the almost completely unexplored subcontent of vianas were to be recorded in an equivalent manner or, for lack of other finding aids, even deeper. It should be noted that in particular the documents on Vianas are written not only in German, but also in French, Dutch, Latin and rarely in English, which could not be listed here individually due to the frequent change of languages (often within documents). A unit listed in a previous record could not be described in detail as it appears to have been missing since 1999 (L 51 No 286). Technical defects forced the repeated processing of the indices. An old signature index was not created, since the bones were sometimes assigned signatures inconsistently or its units were divided again by later rearrangements and insertions. However, the exact concordance can be seen in the Bone Findbuch, in which the new signatures were entered. For conservation reasons, most of the posters were taken from the files, some of which belong to related matters, such as a replica of a sham letter from a trial of Hilmar von Quernheim, proclamations of laws of the dominion of Vianen and the neighbouring Dutch territories, but also those concerning other matters, such as a signed order of soldiers of the imperial commander-in-chief Wallenstein from the Thirty Years' War. Some of these posters were used as file covers. The withdrawal notes could not initially be printed for the distortion units. Since the holdings concern Lippe's foreign possessions and claims, materials on these can also be found in other archives, above all those of the neighbouring Reich estates, such as the Duchy of Jülich (HStA Düsseldorf) for Beyenburg, Enger and Bünde. There are also sources on Ulenburg and Haus Beck in other archives. For the trials of Hilmar von Quernheim and Count zur Lippe by the Imperial Chamber of Justice there is a counter tradition mainly in the State Archives of Münster (RKG Q 113-116, ibid. L 629/630), as well as in the formerly inseparable Wetzlar holdings (now the Federal Archives) and in numerous other archives. The files of Haus Beck are deposited in the Stadtarchiv Löhne, while the corresponding materials have reached the Stadtarchiv Bielefeld at Ulenburg. There is also further tradition of the enfeoffment of the Quernheimers with the Ulenburg. For the reign of Vianen and Ameide the materials in Detmold go back to the Middle Ages, since here the older documents of the Lords of Brederode can be found, mostly in L 3 (some also in L 51 No.214, 229, 265; in addition prints or regests of older documents of the House of Brederode, ibid. No. 210 and 243, respectively), a stock which for the later period possesses parallel files to L 51 and also extends into the period after the sale. Of course there is additional delivery in the Netherlands. For the spread of materials from Sommersell and neighbouring places, L 89 A No. 231-233 should also be used. The extensive material collections and party files on the Reichskammergerichtsprozessen über Vianen and the sporadically appearing RKG files in L 51, which do not belong to the actual subject matters of this collection, could be assigned on the basis of the already existing index. Already in 1785 files sent back from Wetzlar to the Reichskammergerichtsprozeß about the sale of Vianen have reached the inventory L 95 I. The quote is as follows: L 51 No. (order number) Detmold, December 2004 Dr. Otfried Krafft
Preliminary remarks History of the authorities: 1855 June Establishment of an independent "Princely Forest Directorate" 1897 June Integration into the Rentkammer as "Forest Department" 1921 April Directorate of Domains and Forests, Forest Department 1924 August Lippische Regierung, Forest Department 1934 October Lippische Regierung Abt. II, Staatsforstverwaltung 1936 June The Reich Governor in Lippe and Schaumburg-L., Landesregierung Lippe, ... 1945 April Lippische Landesregierung, Abteilung II, Landesforstverwaltung 1948 Nov. 1948 Transfer of the forestry department to the Landesverband Lippe (company about the unification of the state of Lippe with the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and company about the Landesverband Lippe, both from 05.11.1948) The tasks of the state forestry administration were 1. in the exercise of the sovereign rights of the state with regard to forestry, hunting and fishing 2. in the management of state-owned forestry Even at the end of World War I, forestry sovereign activity was based on the "Ordinance on the Management of Private and Community Timber" of 1819 (Landesverordnungen Bd. 6, p. 459 ff.); there was no forestry law. With the establishment of the Forest Directorate in 1855, a service instruction for foresters and forest marksmen was issued (see L 94 No. 42) and the division into 13 senior forest rangers (later amended several times) as well as official and service designations were determined. At the beginning of the year 1919 the old Domanial forest administration still existed with the 8 upper foresteries Hiddesen (2132 ha), Berlebeck (3093 ha), (Kohlstädt-)Horn resp. Oesterholz (2940 ha), Schieder (2935 ha), Falkenhagen (2713 ha), Sternberg (1913 ha), Langenholzhausen (1806 ha) and Detmold (672 ha), altogether 35 foresteries with an area of approx. 18,200 ha. - Hiddesen was the former Oberförsterei Lopshorn with seat in the Heidental (renaming 15.11.1918), Langenholzhausen the previous Obf. Varenholz with headquarters in Langenholzhausen, Detmold was called Diestelbruch until 30.05.1912. The seat of the Obf. Oesterholz was renamed to Obf. Horn moved from Oesterholz hunting lodge to the city on 01.08.1927 (Official Gazette No. 62), in 1929 the seat of the Obf. Sternberg into the castle Brake; in addition the merger of Sternberg and Detmold to the Obf took place to 01.01.1929. Brake. By the Domanialvertrag of 31.10.1919 the princely house received the Oberförsterei Berlebeck with the four foresteries Hirschberg, Hirschsprung, Hartröhren and Kreuzkrug. The main task of the State Forestry Administration in the 1920s was the step from administration to "operation", which was caused by modern economic development. The corresponding documentation therefore also takes up a great deal of space. In October 1934, the names of the authorities, offices and services were redefined on the basis of the new regulations introduced in Prussia (see current No. 592). Oberförsterei became Forstamt, Försterei became Revierförsterei. The chief forester became a land forester, a state chief forester a forester, a forester a district forester. Former auxiliary foresters were now called foresters, forest assistants auxiliary foresters, foresters and forest apprentices forest candidates (for administrative service / operational service). Until 1921 the forestry administration was housed in the building of the Fürstliche Forstdirektion, Hornsche Str. 66, built in 1866. After its sale to the company Gebr. Klingenberg, the offices were moved on 1 October to the converted building of the former Fürstliches Marstall am Schlossplatz / Rosenthal (see L 94 No. 10). In June 1924, the company moved again to the government building at Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz and in August it was incorporated as the Lippische Regierung, Forstabteilung (see current no. 597). Julius Feye was the first "forester" of Lippe until his death in October 1896. From May 1897 until his death on 18.04.1925, Oberlandforstmeiser Alois Baldenecker, formerly Prussian Oberförster from Neukirchen, Kassel district, headed the Lippe forestry administration. He was followed by Alfred Reier from Syke near Bremen as a land forester from March 1926 onwards, after provisional management by forester Karl Schmidt from Hiddesen, but he was already retired at the end of July 1933 before reaching the age of 65 (he was born on 18.06.1879) "in order to simplify the state government". The aforementioned forester Schmidt was now to head the state forestry administration in addition to his head forester Hiddesen. However, since it soon turned out that it was impossible to exercise both offices, Dr. Köster, a trainee forestry officer, was hired by the Hiddesen forestry office from November 1935. Schmidt (*15.11.1871) held his office as land forester until shortly before he reached the age of 67 (October 1938), but resumed his duties when his successor Fritz Murmann from Bielefeld was drafted for military service and finally - after an interim U.K. position - fell in December 1942. It was not until 1 March 1946 that Schmidt finally retired, after Alfred Hirsekorn, the Lord Forester from Rinkerode, had been appointed the provisional head of the State Forestry Administration in January of the same year. However, he made his office available in May and was replaced by Otto Wahl from Celle. About 9/10 of the holdings (No. 1-878) originate from the addition 47/1976, which was arranged according to the file plan introduced in 1927 ("conversion of the forest department's registry according to the state budget", see current No. 590) and was valid until the files were handed over to the Landesverband Lippe in 1949. Nos. 879-892 came into the house as entrance 37/1962, No. 893-971 were already signed as L 80 II c No. 1-9, but not listed. At the beginning of 2003, 27 business diaries (journals) were discovered on the access floor (Nos. 972-998). The files essentially cover the period from the creation of the new department registries in 1924 (see current No. 597 and L 75 IV / 1 No. 20) until the transition to the forest department of the regional association; many file covers bear the note "angelegt 1927". Previous files are in stock L 94 (Forstdirektion); continued files or files created only in 1950 and later were assigned to stock D 110. The transfer of file management to the LVL proved to be extremely blurred. The forest department of the government existed until 1949. Very many files contain still some few documents from the years 1950-1951, rarely also 1952. These files were left, if the contents had developed far predominantly in the years until 1949, with the existence L 80.19, since otherwise only one torso would have remained. Obviously, the LVL created new files from 1951/52 and transferred the old registry to the State Archives in 1976. The above-mentioned file plan formed the basis for the order of the inventory, which, however, required numerous changes. General files on the establishment and organisation of the forest administration, for example, ranked 7th among the title groups. Different groups of files had to be grouped or subdivided. Nos 879 et seq. could easily be attributed to the positions of the file plan used. Although the main task of the forest administration was the management of the state forest, the collection also offers a wealth of contemporary historical sources, e.g. for the use of prisoners of war, environmental pollution (fisheries control), tourism, state economic policy (Dörentruper Sand- und Thonwerke, Holzverkohlung Schieder), buildings such as the "Krumme Haus" and the silver mill; - during the Nazi era there were numerous points of contact with the party and various Nazi organizations. Sources: - D 72 Brakemeier no. 2 and 3 (estate of Wilhelm Brakemeier, chief forester in Brake) - L 80.19 no. 590-593, 597 - L 75 IV. 1 no. 20 - L 76 no. 206 (personnel matters, etc.) leitende Forstbeamte) - Die Lippische Landesverwaltung in der Nachkriegszeit, ed. v. Heinrich Drake, Detmold 1932 (Dienstbibliothek C 303) - Lippisches Staatshandbuch (im Lippischen Kalender, Dienstbibliothek A 255) Detmold, Mai 2003 gez. Arno Schwinger P.S.: In July 2005, the addition 35/2004 - Nos. 999-1087 - was added (mainly real estate, land register and cadastral matters as well as redemptions); in June 2009, Nos. 1088 (from L 93 !!) and 1089-1112 (from L 94) were allocated to the L 80.19 portfolio on account of their term and recorded here. signed Arno Schwinger It is to quote: L 80.19 Order number