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'In connection with the founding of the German Reich in 1871

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During the transition to the constitutional monarchy in 1831, a Ministry of the Royal House was created, to which the essential parts of the court administration were subordinated. This included the supervision of the civil list and the Hausfideikommiss. On 14.11.1918 the house minister and the directors of the court departments resigned from their offices. In the following period, the House of Wettin albertinische Linie e. V. safeguarded the interests of the former royal family.<br/><br/>The holdings of the individual court authorities are assigned to tectonic group 1.

Like other German and European countries, Saxony established a network of diplomatic missions in the 17th/18th century. In contrast to the older practice of temporary and factually limited special embassies, permanent embassies were established with the intention of permanent diplomatic representation. The basis under international law for the diplomatic activities of the German estates was above all the Peace of Westphalia (1648), which finally sanctioned their diplomatic rights.<br/>The first permanent diplomatic representation of Saxony was established around 1620 in Vienna. Between 1648 and 1694 (the beginning of the reign of Elector Friedrich August I), posts were also founded in The Hague, Hamburg, Lübeck and Regensburg. Higher demands on Saxon foreign policy after the acquisition of the Polish crown (1697) led to the establishment of legations in Denmark, France, Great Britain, Italy and Russia, among others, as well as at the courts of the great German imperial princes. In the middle of the 18th century Saxony maintained about 30 diplomatic representations. <br/>After the Seven Years' War, Saxony's foreign policy activity declined, so that the number of legations fell to 16 by the end of the 1780s. The first consulate was established in Málaga in 1807 to promote Saxon exports. In the first decades of the German Confederation, the kingdom of Saxony, divided in 1815, hardly appeared in foreign policy. In order to coordinate foreign relations and the diplomatic and consular system, however, a special ministry (the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) was formed in the course of the 1831 state reform, which assumed the tasks of the previously responsible Department of Foreign Affairs of the Secret Cabinet.<br/>In the "Beust Era" (1849 - 1866) a certain reactivation of foreign policy began, as can be seen from the increasing number of embassies and consulates. In 1867/71, however, Saxony's foreign policy largely lost its significance when the country joined the North German Confederation or German Empire. Since the legation remained formally with the German federal states in 1867/71, Saxony retained the Foreign Ministry, some inner-German legations and consulates. By far the most important was the legation in Berlin, which represented the state's interests in the Reich and maintained contact with the Reich administration.<br/>Since the Weimar Constitution shifted foreign relations exclusively to the competence of the Reich and thus abolished federal diplomatic law, most of the remaining legations and consulates were gradually abolished in the 1920s. The consulates in Frankfurt am Main and Cologne were last dissolved in 1933, while the Foreign Ministry merged with the State Chancellery in 1935. Only the Berlin legation remained as the "Saxon representation in Berlin" during the Nazi era and did not cease its activities until the beginning of 1945.<br/>In the tectonics group 02.03.02 Foreign Affairs, the archive holdings of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the legations from 1830 have been preserved. The documents of the permanent legations up to 1830 and of the Department of Foreign Affairs of the Secret Cabinet can be found in the Legation Section of the 10026 Secret Cabinet holdings. The few surviving consular archives were incorporated into the 10717 holdings of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. <br/><br/>Publications:<br/>Ludwig, Jörg: Zur Geschichte des sächsischen Konsulatswesens (1807 - 1933). In: Consuls et services consulaires au XIXe siècle. Hamburg 2010. p. 365-378<br/>ders.: Saxon Foreign Policy 1871-1918 : Institutions and Archives. In: Die Außenpolitik der deutschen Länder im Kaiserreich : Geschichte, Akteure und archivische Überlieferung (1871 - 1918); Contributions of the Scientific Colloquium on the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Political Archive of the Federal Foreign Office on 3 August 2010. Munich 2012. p. 57 - 78<br/>Matzke, Judith: Saxony's Embassy and Diplomatic Service 1694 - 1763. Leipzig 2011<br/>Schreckenbach, Hans-Joachim: Innerdeutsche Gesandtschaften 1867 - 1945. in: Studies on Archival and Historical Science : On the 65th birthday of H. O. Meisner. Berlin 1965. p. 404 - 428<br/>

For details see 2. Kingdom and Free State of Saxony 1831 - 1945

With the law of 21 July 1873 on the organisation of the authorities for internal administration and the associated implementing ordinance of 20 August 1874, 25 official authorities were set up on 15 October 1874 in the four district administrations of Bautzen, Dresden, Leipzig and Zwickau. The separation of justice and administration at the lower level was thus finally completed.<br/><br/>The official authorities took over the tasks of the general administration of the court offices existing since 1856 and the older official authorities. They were thus responsible for all matters that were not dealt with by the municipalities or special authorities and acted, among other things, as building, river, hunting, trade, health and safety police authorities. In addition, the official police forces of Pirna, Dresden and Meissen were assigned special river police duties for the Elbe. Together with the district school inspector, later district school council, they were school supervisory authorities. They also took over the tasks of the Road and Hydraulic Engineering Commission. The administrative districts have been relocated several times and new administrative headquarters have been established. With the abolition of the Schönburg reign of power in 1878, the Glauchau official authority was founded. In 1910, the Stollberg official headquarters were added and in 1919 the Werdau official headquarters. In 1931, the official captains Dippoldiswalde, Oelsnitz/V. and Werdau were drafted.<br/><br/>Each official captain was assigned a district committee as a decisive and advisory body. The District Committee decided in administrative court matters on supporting residences and commitments to poor support, on appeals regarding voting rights and eligibility in public elections, and on disputes over contributions and personal benefits to the district, community, or for poor support purposes. Furthermore, it decided on applications for the granting of permits for the construction of commercial facilities, for the granting of permits for the operation of a restaurant or pub business and for the retail trade in spirits and spirits, for the prohibition of a commercial enterprise, for the granting of a certificate of identity for the traveling trade, on the necessity of public roads or established their publicity, and decided on dispensation applications in matters of dismembrance. The District Committee has advised on general police measures, advocacy of state aid for municipal road construction, the election of experts in expropriation cases, and the assessment of applications for the rectification of watercourses. In addition, each official head team was affiliated to a district association as a corporation under public law with the right of self-administration. Its main tasks were official welfare work, road and path construction, and transportation.<br/><br/>In the context of administrative unification in the German Reich, the term "Landkreis" (administrative district) was introduced for the official district on January 1, 1939, and "Landrat" (district administrator) for the official governor. According to the "Führerprinzip" his whole authority appeared under the name "Der Landrat". This authority structure existed until 1945. The Saxon official authorities were dissolved by the decree of 26 April 1946 on the establishment of district administrations. Until 1952, the general administrative tasks were carried out by the district councils.<br/><br/>The holdings of the official authorities partly contain files of the general administration of the court offices and other predecessor authorities. The holdings of the State Archives Leipzig also contain the files of the district associations of the official authorities. For the Chemnitz State Archives and the Dresden State Archives, on the other hand, reference is made to the separate "02.03.03.04 District Associations of the Official Headquarters" group.

Until the 19th century, police duties and functions in Saxon towns and municipalities were performed by patrimonial and city authorities. With the entry into force of the General City Regulations for the Kingdom of Saxony on 2 February 1832 and the Rural Community Regulations on 7 November 1838, police jurisdiction was shifted for the first time to the city and municipal councils. The Revised City Regulations and the Revised Rural Community Regulations of 24 April 1873, according to which the performance of these tasks was completely transferred to the lower administrative level, made a final determination. Towns and municipalities received financial support for the execution of this government contract. State supervision was carried out by the responsible official authorities. In the large cities of Dresden and Leipzig, and later also in other cities, the police offices were not subject to the supervision of the official authorities.<br/><br/>In the Free State of Saxony, the Police Amendment Act of 27 June 1921 and the Implementation Ordinance of 15 September 1922 meant that the State Ministry of the Interior took over the entire criminal investigation department. In the larger cities, this also affected the security and order police. The competence of the newly formed police headquarters extended to the maintenance of public peace, order and security, passport and registration systems, press censorship, traffic safety, the supervision of pubs and entertainment facilities, as well as the discovery and loss of property.<br/><br/>With the Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich of 30 January 1934, police sovereignty was transferred from the Länder to the Reich Ministry of the Interior. The salaries of the civil servants were gradually taken over by the Reich budget in the following years. With the decree of 17 June 1936, the entire police force was subordinated to the Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler, who since then also called himself the "Chief of the German Police".<br/><br/>In the context of the formation of the Saxony State Administration on 9 July 1945, a police department was set up in the Department of Internal Affairs and National Education. With the establishment of the state government in December 1946, the state authority of the German People's Police was established in the Saxon Ministry of the Interior. With the "Law on the Further Democratization of the Structure and Operation of State Organs" of 23 July 1952, all state authorities were dissolved and police tasks were centralized in the Ministry of the Interior of the GDR. By order of the Chief of the German People's Police, the formation of 14 district authorities of the German People's Police (BDVP) was ordered, to which 77 Volkspolizeikreisämtern (VPKA) were subordinated.

Reference: Documents of the older judicial and administrative authorities are listed under the fonds group '01.05.02 Older county and district authorities, offices' in the fonds of the offices, under the fonds group '06.02 Other dominions' and under the fonds group '07 Municipalities' as municipal courts.

Due to the history of tradition, a considerable part of the financial archives from the period 1831 - 1945 is in the holdings of the tectonic group 1st Markgrafschaft Meißen, Albertinisches Herzogtum and Kurfürstentum / Kingdom of Saxony until 1831. 10036 financial archives and 10076 invoices of the court and state authorities (invoice archive).

For details see 2. Kingdom and Free State of Saxony 1831 - 1945

For details see 2. Kingdom and Free State of Saxony 1831 - 1945

The archives of military provenance play a particularly important role in the extensive tradition of the Dresden State Archives. The holdings of the Saxon military administration and the Saxon army comprise about 2,500 linear metres of files from the period from the middle of the 16th to the middle of the 20th century. Besides the Bavarian Main State Archives in Munich and the Main State Archives in Stuttgart, the Dresden Main State Archives are the third regional archives to hold military records. The holdings have a complex history, including war losses.<br/><br/> Since 1838, all older military records from the 17th and 18th centuries have been compiled in the Dresden Main State Archives. An exception were the files of the Secret War Office from 1736 to 1814, which were transferred to the Saxon War Archive, opened in 1897, as were the archival files of the War Ministry after 1830, the War Administration Chamber and the formations of the Saxon army. The Saxon military files from seven storage sites, which were no longer transferred to the Main State Archives after 1840, were transferred to this facility. This formation of official archives in the military sphere led to a fragmentation of the Saxon military holdings, as archival material of the same provenance could be found both in the Main State Archives and in the War Archives.<br/><br/>In the course of the dissolution and liquidation of the Saxon army as part of the Imperial Army and the transfer of remaining parts to the Reichswehr, new arrangements had to be made in 1919 with regard to military archives. With the formation of the Reichsarchiv Potsdam on 01.10.1919, a Reichsarchiv branch was established in Dresden (next to Munich, Spandau and Stuttgart) on 01.04.1920. This Reichsarchiv branch office in Dresden was responsible for the Saxon military records from 1867 to 1918. At the same time, the older records were handed over in their entirety to the Hauptstaatsarchiv. By October 1925, the Main State Archives had received a total of about 4,500 Locate military files (about 1,100 linear metres of files). These levies were reversed in 1937 as part of the reorganisation of military archives in the Third Reich. At the same time, the regular personnel rolls of the Saxon army from 1868 and the holdings of the higher command authorities (army corps and divisions) with the military maps and plans were handed over to the Army Archives Potsdam. These holdings were largely destroyed in Potsdam in April 1945. The files remaining in the Dresden branch of the army archives also suffered losses in the spring of 1945. In the years 1945 to 1948 military files were transferred from Potsdam as well as from Dresden to Leningrad in the Peter-Pauls-Fortress by the archive commandos of the Red Army. In 1955, this archive material was transferred to the later military archive of the GDR in Potsdam, where the files were centrally stored and made accessible.<br/> <br/>The first time, with the German reunification, all records of the Saxon military authorities and army formations were collected until 1921 in today's Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden. On 14.06.1991 the Federal Archives, Military Archives Department, as successor of the military archives of the GDR, handed over the Saxon military holdings in the amount of about 87,000 file units from the period 1831 to 1921. <br/><br/>The traditional file holdings of the Saxon military authorities and army formations document more than 400 years of Saxon military history from 1632 to 1921 and at the same time form an important source basis for German military historiography as a whole. Their importance is all the greater when the archives of military provenance in Prussia were almost completely destroyed in the Allied air raid on Potsdam on 14 April 1945.<br/><br/>Content:<br/>The main focus of the tradition of the former Saxon War Archive is on the holdings of 11237 Geheimes Kriegsratskollegium as the oldest military administration authority, 11241 Musterungslisten and 11242 Monats- (Food-) Lists with family and social history information about all military personnel of the Saxon military units patterned up to 1867, 11248 Sächsisches Kriegsministerium as well as the holdings of the associations and military units of the Saxon army up to 1921. Numerous military maps and plans document all campaigns and wars up to 1918 in which Saxon troops were involved. Photos and drawings show the development of military technology. <br/><br/>For the period of the First World War 1914 / 1918, reference is to be made to the holdings of 11250 Saxon military representatives in Berlin, 11251 Ministry of Military Affairs, and 11252 Heeresabwicklungsamt Sachsen. The military representative mediated business between the Saxon and Prussian war ministers. The fighting actions of the Saxon army during the World War are documented in particular by the holdings of 11355 Army High Command of the 3rd Army, 11347 General Command of the XIIth Army and 11347 General Command of the 3rd Army. Army Corps, 11351 General Command of the XIXth Army Corps, 11356 General Command of the XIIth Army Corps, 11351 General Command of the XIIth Army Corps. Reserve Corps and 11358 General Command of the XXVII Reserve Corps. The 11372 Military History Collection contains the war diaries of King Friedrich August III of Saxony, which contain extensive photos of his front visits. The problems of the home front and questions of the war economy are reflected in the holdings of 11348 Deputy General Command of the XII century. Armeekorps, 11349 Kriegsamtstelle Dresden, 11352 Stellvertretendes Generalkommando des XIX. Armeekorps and 11353 Kriegsamtstelle Leipzig.<br/><br/>The military holdings of the Reichswehr, Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS including the Saxon military formations for the period from 1921 to 1945 are kept by the Bundesarchiv - Militärarchiv in Freiburg.

For details see 2.3.8 Military

The emergence of military court authorities is closely linked to the formation of standing armies. While military jurisdiction, which was exempt from civil courts, was usually exercised by laymen in mercenary armies, trained lawyers, so-called auditors, took over this task in standing armies. They were responsible for the investigation of criminal offences, the prosecution and the justification of judgements in the troop unit. The regimental commander remained the lord of the court and pronounced judgement. At the beginning of the 18th century, a higher military court was created in Saxony. Judgements handed down by the regimental courts martial now had to be submitted to the general court martial, and from 1835 to the higher court martial, for review and confirmation if the judgement was against 'life, limb or honour' of the defendant. From 1718, an auditor was assigned to each troop unit as an officer of military justice who, alongside the regimental commander, was subordinate to the Auditor General. From 1789, the General Courts Martial College replaced the General Courts Martial, where only the Auditor General was active. All courts martial were subordinate to this. It consisted of a president, usually a general, and four permanent court martial councillors, chaired by the Auditor General. <br/><br/>With Saxony's accession to the North German Confederation in 1867 and the conclusion of a military convention with Prussia, the Saxon army ceased to exist independently and was integrated into the North German Confederation as the XII. Army Corps into the North German Federal Army. Military jurisdiction was now strongly orientated towards the Prussian model, which was based on the division of criminal jurisdiction into two parts. The lower jurisdiction extended to all persons who did not hold officer rank and included offences that were only punishable by arrest. The courts martial corresponding to the lower jurisdiction were formed at regimental level and officers were assigned to them as investigators and representatives of the prosecution. The higher jurisdiction extended to all persons subject to military criminal jurisdiction and covered all offences. At divisional level, the courts martial consisted of five judges, including one or two court martial counsellors. They were the courts of first instance for all cases not subject to lower jurisdiction and the court of appeal for the summary courts.<br/><br/>In 1898, a new, standardised military criminal court code was passed. This led to the dissolution of the High War Court in 1900 and the establishment of new High War Courts at the respective general commands instead. They were courts of appeal for the judgements of the courts martial and only met for individual cases. The most important feature of the new court organisation was the introduction of a court of appeal. Contested judgements could now be reviewed by a court of higher jurisdiction. The institution of the lord of the court, who was still able to convene courts martial, courts martial and higher courts martial, as well as the division of jurisdiction remained. With the abolition of military jurisdiction in 1920, the courts martial were dissolved.

Already in the second half of the 16th century, a formation was formed in Kursachsen with the "Dresden occupation troops", which were constantly under arms. With the defension order of 1613 and above all with the establishment of the standing army in Saxony from 1682 onwards, there were firmly formed troops. Infantry, cavalry and artillery formations existed in different compositions as well as combined formations in individual campaigns.