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• Photo * Publisher: Novelties distribution "Elektra", Paul Hoffmann

• Photo * Publisher: Novelties distribution "Elektra", Paul Hoffmann

Group of local soldiers on the march. The Askaris supported the German Schutztruppe under General Lettow-Vorbeck until the end of the war in 1918. / Photographer: Scherl

History of the club: The Badische Schwesternschaft vom Roten Kreuz is the oldest Red Cross sisterhood in Germany. Its beginnings lie in the Baden Women's Association founded in 1859 at the suggestion of Grand Duchess Luise von Baden. Its foundation was caused by the so-called "Italian War", the statutes also formulate the purpose of the association as "support of those in consequence of the threat of war or a war in emergency Gerathenen, as well as care for wounded and sick military personnel". Under the protectorate of Grand Duchess Luise, however, the association continued to exist and quickly spread throughout the Grand Duchy. Gradually, new tasks were added, such as the promotion of women's earning capacity, their domestic education, care for the poor, girls, prisoners, workers, children and health, especially tuberculosis control and infant care. The focus remained on nursing care and staff training. During the following wars, the care of wounded soldiers seemed to be in need of improvement. Systematic training in Karlsruhe, later also in Pforzheim, Mannheim and Heidelberg hospitals and the employment of nurses in peacetime ensured that sufficient trained nurses were also available in the field in the event of war, e.g. in 1870/71 and in the First World War. In 1866, at the instigation of Grand Duchess Luise, the Baden Women's Association was subordinated to the principles of the Red Cross as a department of the Geneva National Aid Association. In the same year he received his first own club clinic, since 1890 the Ludwig-Wilhelm-Krankenheim on Kaiserallee. This also served as the mother house of the sisters. The political, economic and social upheavals at the end of the First World War could not leave their mark on the Badischer Frauenverein and its nursing department, as the strong connection to the Grand-Ducal-Badischer Haus was fundamental for the association. The political turnaround made a reorientation necessary. In 1923, for example, the founding of the Pensionsversicherungsverein (Pension Insurance Association) made independent asset management possible. At the same time, Department III of the Badischer Frauenverein, which is responsible for nursing care, was given its own organisational structure as the "Motherhouse of the Sisters of the Badischer Frauenverein vom Roten Kreuz". A certain connection to the Badischer Frauenverein remained, however, as a representative of the women's association always sat on the board of the mother house. The reorganization also provided for greater participation rights for the sisters. Economic difficulties led to the lease of the maternity home to the state of Baden as a state midwife institution. The new building now required for the Sisterhood and the extension of the Luisenheim to accommodate and train the Sisters were inaugurated in 1930, the anniversary year. During the centralization of the German Red Cross in 1934, the sisters of the Baden Women's Association were also integrated into the new organization, and after the dissolution of all Red Cross associations in 1937, the Karlsruhe Sisterhood was placed under the presidency of the German Red Cross. During the Second World War it was used in various military hospitals on the western and eastern fronts. The Luisenheim, but above all the Ludwig-Wilhelm-Krankenheim and with it the mother house were badly damaged during the war and could only partly be rebuilt. After the war the future of the sisterhood was uncertain at first. Despite the dissolution of the German Red Cross by the Allies, she tried to continue the association's work as well as possible. Many areas of work in the hospitals had remained with the association and were again occupied by sisters. The nursing schools were recognised again in 1946. In 1949 the association finally received its own statutes again and was recognised as a public corporation under the name "Badische Schwesternschaft vom Roten Kreuz (Luisenschwestern) e.V.". The first priority was the reconstruction of the destroyed Luisenheim or the construction of a new mother house for the sisterhood. The Luisenheim could be occupied again until 1951. The building of the mother house, inaugurated in 1957, served as an administrative building, but also for accommodation and lessons for schoolgirls. The fields of work of the former Baden Women's Association in hospitals are still occupied today by sisters of the Baden Sisterhood. She also runs the Luisenheim as an old people's home for the sisters. To this day, the training of the new generation, the support of the active sisters in their often difficult service as well as the provision of the retired sisters belong to the main tasks of the sisterhood. History and tradition of the archive: The archive of the Baden Sisterhood of the Red Cross has a tradition that is almost as old as the Red Cross itself, since written and pictorial documents on the activities of the Baden Women's Association and its successor organisations have been kept since the association was founded. In the 70s of the 20th century, the then superior Elisabeth Leist began to sift through the traditions of her sisterhood, to separate them and to sort them out. Two collections were created, which were housed as an "archive" and a "museum" in separate rooms of the mother house. The "Archive" mainly comprised administration files compiled by Oberin Leist, as well as personal documents of individual sisters, such as testimonies or diaries, but also photographs, individual building plans and some association documents. The "Museum" of the Sisterhood essentially contained a collection of objects, mainly brooches, orders, decorations, medals, but also surgical instruments, especially wardrobe cases of individual sisters from war missions, sisterly costumes and other association documents and photographs, which were marked by the personal interests of the superior Leist and supplement files and account books of the Badischer Frauenverein as well as specifically archived files of the old registry of the Sisterhood, including personal files of the sisters. A folder with construction plans of the mother house and the Luisenheim was added to the inventory. These very different genres of archival and museum material convey a comprehensive picture of the diverse tasks of the Baden Sisterhood and its history. Order and indexing: In the summer of 2004, the archive of the Baden Sisterhood was deposited in the General State Archive in Karlsruhe, with the exception of the wardrobe trunks and sister costumes as well as some pictures that remained in the mother house of the sisterhood. With the help of a project sponsored by the Stiftung Kulturgut Baden-Württemberg, the undersigned ordered, catalogued and inventoried the entire archive over the next two years in order to make it accessible for use by third parties. A thematic order was therefore established, which is essentially oriented towards the history and organisation of the sisterhood and its predecessor organisations. Due to the large size of the archive, this could not be carried out physically, but had to be limited to the finding aid. Any still recognisable connections between traditions have been preserved as far as possible. Required separations are proven with the respective title recordings. Numerous loose leaf collections, the compilation and creation of which in many cases was no longer comprehensible, or even completely unrelated individual leaves were arranged as far as possible according to subject and combined into archive units, or already existing, suitable contexts were assigned. In the files occasionally handed down notes with handwritten comments usually originate from the superior Elisabeth Leist. If they contribute to the understanding of the documents, they were left in the files. The extensive photo collections of the holdings can be divided into four main types: pictures taken from the rooms of the mother house or framed for exhibitions, photos compiled by Oberin Leist in guide files (69 Bad. Sisterhood No. 570-614), photo albums presumably left behind by sisters (69 Bad. Sisterhood No. 615-643) and loose, predominantly disordered photographs. While the framed pictures were listed individually, the folder or album was considered the unit of distortion for the photo collections. The disordered individual photos, as far as they could not be assigned to the possession of individual sisters, were arranged thematically and indexed in groups (69 Bad. Schwesternschaft Nos. 650-655, 657-682, 684-688). Many of these photographs document the sisters' personal experiences, including those during the Second World War. The publications of the Badischer Frauenverein, the sisterhood or other Red Cross institutions contained in the archive are registered as "Verbandsschriften" according to the rules of German libraries. This chapter also contains the statutes of the Baden Sisterhood and other Red Cross institutions (such as the Association of German Motherhouses or the Sister Insurance Association). Of the large number of brooches, badges of service, orders and decorations of the sisters that still exist, only a few copies of each type could be preserved for reasons of space. Numerous commemorative medals and coins, mostly on anniversaries of the Red Cross, came as gifts, in exchange or in rare cases by purchase to the sisterhood. Their title records also contain short descriptions of the objects based on current order literature. The Depositum can be used in accordance with the rules of use of the Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg. However, legal protection periods still have to be observed for some documents, especially for the younger personnel files of the sisterhood, which are indexed in a separate volume. Parallel transmission inside and outside the General State Archives: The archive of the Baden Sisterhood of the Red Cross complements the transmission of the Red Cross and Karlsruhe Hospitals already existing in the General State Archives. The Badische Frauenverein, which continued to exist after 1923 without a nursing department, had already handed over a large part of its files to the General State Archive in the 1930s (fonds 443: Red Cross, Badischer Frauenverein). Further information can be found in the archive of the Secret Cabinet of Grand Duchess Luise (69 Baden, Luise Cabinet), such as sources on the Federation of Red Cross Helpers. While this is represented in the tradition of the Baden Sisterhood only with a file volume, the files of the Secret Cabinet and the Baden Red Cross provide very good information about the work of the Federation until its dissolution in 1935.Further photos about the activities of the Badischer Frauenverein, many hospitals, as well as the activities of the Grand Duchess Luise, especially her visits to military hospitals during the First World War, can be found in the inventory 69 Baden, Collection 1995 F I. Also among the addresses of homage (69 Baden, Collection 1995 D) are some, partly very elaborately designed copies, which the Badischer Frauenverein with its branch associations dedicated to the Grand Ducal Baden House on various occasions. The collection 69 Baden, Collection 1995 A contains, among others, a large organigram of the Women's Association. For the development of the State Women's Hospital, which has been housed since 1923 in the building of the Wöchnerinnenheim of the Vereinsklinik Ludwig-Wilhelm-Krankenheim, see the accesses to stock 523 (State Women's Hospital Karlsruhe). Further plans of the buildings of the sisterhood can be found in the collection of the State Building Administration (424 K), which also contains archives of the Grand Ducal Court Building Office, including eleven floor plans and views of the Luisenheim built in 1902 (424 K Karlsruhe 240/1.001-1.011). These are also in 69 bath. Sisterhood no. 721 are included, but are marked here later. In 424 K there are also 218 plans of the Ludwig-Wilhelm-Krankenheim, its outbuildings and the buildings of the Städtisches Krankenhaus (Municipal Hospital) from the years 1887-1980 (under the building number 424 K Karlsruhe 078), which were built on the same area later, which show the further development. The holdings 69 Baden, Collection 1995 B, No. 55-66, finally offer eleven building plans and drafts for the Friedrichsbau building at the Ludwig-Wilhelm-Krankenheim, while the archive of the Baden Sisterhood offers only a few, above all no building plans. Stock 233 (Staatsministerium) also contains files on the Women's Association and its officials, 48 No. 6470 the Baden copy of the Geneva Convention, 48 The archives of the German Red Cross in Bonn also contain archives of the Association of Red Cross Sisterhoods, including records of the Oberinnenvereinigung, including minutes of board meetings, Oberinnentagungen, correspondence with other Oberinnen. For its part, the Archive of the Sisterhood should supplement the tradition of the DRK Archive, especially for the years in which Oberin Anna Odenwald was Chairman of the Board of the Oberinnenvereinigung. A copy of the finding aid book for the "Verband der Schwesternschaften vom Deutschen Roten Kreuz" was gratefully made available by the DRK archive for the indexing work and for further use. Timetable (possibly for technical reasons in the appendix of the index): [...] Literature (possibly for technical reasons in the appendix of the index): [...]

The archive of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium was stored in the archive room of the Gymnasium, which was located in the basement of the building at 117er Ehrenhof, until it was taken over by the city archive on 3 September 2008. The files, photos and documents were stored on wooden and steel shelves and in locked steel cabinets (personalia), roughly sorted according to material groups, file groups or filing layers. Earlier registry orders were no longer recognizable. The printed programmes (predecessors of the annual reports) and prize distributions up to 1900, the testimonies from 1901 to 1944, censorship lists from 1894/95, 1900/01 and 1910/11 to 1944/45 (incomplete) as well as files up to 1992/2000 and photos up to 2005 were taken over by the City Archives, as well as a selection of course books from 1974/75, 1979/80, 1984/85, 1994/95 and 1995/96. The part of the school archive now stored in the town archives comprises the printed prize distributions of the Lycées of the Napoleonic period, the invitations and programmes of the Grand Ducal Gymnasium as well as the preserved documents of the Grand Ducal, Old (or Autumn) and New (or Easter) Gymnasiums. In addition, the records from the Hessian, National Socialist and post-war periods. The files of the representative for the secondary schools in Mainz 1945 (personal union with the then director Dr. August Mayer), the files of the circle of friends and sponsors of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium (formerly: Bund der Freunde und ehemaligen Schüler des Humanistischen Gymnasiums) and 2 files of the Philologenverband Rheinland-Pfalz (board in personal union with the director Dr. Peter Fehl) belong to the archive. The documents of the representative for the secondary schools in Mainz are especially interesting for the school system of the immediate post-war period in Mainz and because of the documented denazification measures of Mainz teachers. The circle of friends and supporters of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium takes care of contacts with former pupils, organises events and plays a decisive role in events such as school anniversaries. The registry work began in January 2011 and was completed in October 2013, the trainee Mrs. Saskia David recorded in August 2011 the archival records no. 209 / 400 - 708. Although two registry layers were still visible during the registry work, it must be stated that the majority of the originally existing registry orders have been dissolved over the decades. The school archive was thoroughly thinned again and again, especially for school anniversaries and commemorative publications or other publications. Documents were torn out of their original file context and brought into new "artificial" contexts. In this way, folders were created with topics such as "Interesting Facts on School History" or material collections for essays, commemorative publications, exhibitions and anniversaries. The two registration layers mentioned above included the administrative files from about 1930 to 1945, arranged according to the registration plan for secondary schools [signature 209 / 1042, with date of receipt stamp of 4 July 1931], which provides for file groups from I.1 to XXV.10, and the second administrative files from 1946 to 1959, which were created according to the same plan. The files were stapled in cardboard folders of different colours, handwritten with the registration signature and the title according to the registration plan. Since the folders contained a metal stapling, they were in most cases replaced by archive folders. The original registry signature, if available, is indicated in the Faust database and in the Findbuch in the category "Old registry signature". Archivale 209/978 contains an extended version of the above-mentioned registration plan (10 pages, typewritten, 1959). Until the end of the First World War, the tradition essentially consisted of testimonies, censorship lists and personal files, which began in 1870. With a few exceptions, the transmission of material files only begins at the end of the First World War. In Archivale 209 / 897, there is a reference to the fact that "the files of the Gymnasialarchiv are very incomplete, since a large part of them was lost during many years of storage in the wet cellar of the destroyed school building [at the 117er Ehrenhof]". School principal Dr. Fehl writes on 15.4.1959 (209/978): "Due to the effects of the war further documents, especially of the "Old Gymnasium" are no longer available." In addition, it is pointed out that "the files of the Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt and the school department of the then government in Darmstadt concerning the grammar school were completely destroyed by fire in 1944". (209/897) The holdings included two files of the Gutenberg School, Oberschule für Jungen (now Staatliches Gymnasium am Kurfürstlichen Schloss), which were added to the holdings of the City Archives: 202/246: Luftwaffenhelferangelegenheiten (1942-1945) and 202/247: Schülerunfallversicherung (1936-1944). The receipts of the 1960s, hourly tables of other federal states (1965), files on the class parents' advisory board, on long-distance calls, stocks of cleaning utensils and on the Mainz study level 1979/80 (13 D1-3, pupil's bows), a total of about 1 linear metre were collected. The holdings now include the indexes 1-1069, the following signatures were not assigned: 209 / 412, 413, 606, 671, 790, 975, 976. Because of the described state of the Gymnasialarchiv, a new overall content structure was created, which is based on the classification for the Gymnasium am Kurfürstlichen Schloss (holdings 202) archive already listed in the Stadtarchiv. The photo collection of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium, as far as it was taken over into the city archives, is extensive and includes photos from the 1890s to 2005. Unfortunately, it is largely disordered and still requires a proper sorting, sorting and indexing (cf. 209 / 1044-1069). 26.10.2013, Ramona Weisenberger School History The history of the Mainz Humanistic Gymnasium, today's Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium, has been excellently researched and published, only the commemorative publications "400 Jahre Gymnasium Moguntinum : Festschrift des Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasiums Mainz. - Mainz, 1962", "Gymnasium Moguntinum : the history of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz. - Mainz, 1980" and "Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz : the history of the school / edited by Ferdinand Scherf, Meike Hensel-Grobe, Franz Dumont. - Ruhpolding [et al.], 2007" For an understanding of the files and the history of provenance, the important organisational changes in school history will be presented here. The file tradition does not begin until the 19th century, for the sake of completeness the prehistory is briefly mentioned below. The school was founded on 9.12.1561 as "Gymnasium Moguntinum" in the Burse Zum Algesheimer by the Jesuits and was also run by the Jesuits until 1773. From 1618 to 1782 it was in the Domus Universitatis and from 1782 to 1792 in the Kronberger Hof, where the seminary had previously been located from 1662 to 1773. In 1792 the school moved to the Augustinian monastery, where it remained until 1798, when the city was taken over by the French. Under French rule the grammar school was continued from 1798 to 1802 as a central school and from 1802 to 1814 as a French imperial lyceum in the former Jesuit novitiate. After the withdrawal of the French in 1814, the school now had its seat again in the Kronberger Hof as "Großherzoglich Hessisches Gymnasium bzw. Großherzogliches Gymnasium". In 1829 the "Bischöfliche Gymnasium", founded in 1805, was integrated into the Großherzogliche Gymnasium. In 1889 the grammar school was divided into two buildings due to the increasing number of pupils: In the new building on Kaiserstraße, where the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium is still located today, the middle and upper grades of the grammar school were first accommodated, the lower grades and three preschool classes were taught in the old grammar school at Kronberger Hof. In 1900 the Gymnasium was divided into two separate institutions with their own directors: the Großherzogliches Ostergymnasium in the Kaiserstraße with the start of school at Easter and the Großherzogliches Herbstgymnasium in the Kronberger Hof with the start of school in autumn. From 1912/13 the school year begins in all schools at Easter, so the Herbstgymnasium is renamed Altes Gymnasium and the Ostergymnasium is renamed Neues Gymnasium. Since the beginning of the war in 1914, the Neue Gymnasium on Kaiserstraße has served as a military hospital (after the end of the First World War, the French Girls' Lycée was set up there) and is therefore housed together with the Realgymnasium under catastrophic spatial conditions in today's Schlossgymnasium. In 1923 the Realgymnasium was confiscated by the French occupying authorities, now the Realgymnasium and Neues Gymnasium are accommodated in the Höhere Mädchenschule, the school attendance takes place in shifts. Under these poor conditions, the number of pupils in both the new and old grammar schools is declining. In response, the "Bund der Freunde des Menschenrechtsistischen Gymnasiums" was founded in 1922 to halt the decline of the Gymnasium. In 1924 Neues Gymnasium and Altes Gymnasium were merged in the Kronberger Hof to form the "Altes Gymnasium" or "Hessisches Altes Gymnasium". From 1925 the institution was called "Hessisches Gymnasium", as you can read on the certificates, or just "Gymnasium Mainz" (see 209/963). Starting from these years the number of pupils slowly rises again. Under National Socialist rule, the Gymnasium was renamed "Adam-Karrillon-Gymnasium" on 12 May 1933. Adam Karrillon was a former high school student, doctor and local poet. In January 1943 the lessons were transferred to the former Hermann-Göring-Schule, today the Staatliche Gymnasium am Kurfürstlichen Schloss. The school building of the Adam-Karrillon-Gymnasium is destroyed during the bomb attack on Mainz on 27.02.1945. After the end of the Second World War, teaching was resumed on 2 October 1945 at the Marienschule am Willigisplatz (today's Bischöfliches Willigis-Gymnasium) under the new director Dr August Mayer, who was also the representative for the secondary schools in Mainz. The name "Adam-Karrillon-Gymnasium" is no longer used, instead the school is again simply called "Gymnasium Mainz". In June 1953, the school was renamed "Staatliches Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium" (State Rabanus-Maurus Grammar School), which can now move back into the rebuilt school building on Kaiserstraße / 117er Ehrenhof. In 1958 the classical philologist Dr. Peter Fehl took over the management of the grammar school, which he held until 1977. In 1962 the school celebrates its 400th anniversary. The Mainz study level is introduced from the 1974/75 school year at the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium. 400 years Moguntinum High School. Festschrift of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz. Mainz 1962. Encounters. The conversation with Judaism at a Mainz school, edited by Helmut Link and Ferdinand Scherf. Mainz 1988: Encounters with Judaism at the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz. Follow-up volume, edited by Helmut Link and Ferdinand Scherf. Mainz 1993. Bickel, Wolfgang: The Castle of Education. Notes about the building of the new grammar school in Mainz, which was erected 100 years ago. In: Mainz Journal 83(1988), S. [165]-174. Brumby, Michael: 50 Years Ago. In: Gymnasium Moguntinum 58(1995), after p. 216 [back cover and inside] Three times school. An interim balance, edited by the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz. Mainz 1992. Eigenbordt, Karl Wilhelm: Four school centuries. To the anniversary of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium. In: Das neue Mainz 1962, Nr. 5, S. 9-10. Elz, Wolfgang / Erbar, Ralph: "You are the Germany of the future". School in the early National Socialism (1934-1936) at the example of the Mainzer Gymnasium. Edition of a class book and suggestions for practical implementation. Bad Kreuznach [et al.] 2008. (PZ-Information ; 7/2008) Sources and literature reference pp. 138-141 Erbar, Ralph: Witnesses of Time? Contemporary witness talks in science and education. In: History for today 5 (2012), No. 3, p. 5-20. Fascination History. Young people have been researching Mainz history for 23 years at the "German History Pupils' Competition" for the Federal President's Prize, edited by Werner Ostendorf and Ferdinand Scherf. Mainz 1997. Fascination history. 27 years of student competition German history at the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz, edited by Werner Ostendorf and Ferdinand Scherf. 2nd, erw. Aufl. Mainz 2001. Fascination history. Young people explore Mainz history. Participants in the history competition 2004/05, Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz. [Texts: Werner Ostendorf, Ferdinand Scherf]. Mainz 2005. Fehl, Peter: The grammar school from 1919 to 1961. In: 400 years grammar school Moguntinum. Festschrift of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz. Mainz, 1962, pp. 111-152: The Gymnasium from 1919 to 1961. In: Gymnasium Moguntinum. The history of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz. Mainz 1980, pp. 111-152: The Gymnasium from 1962 to 1979. In: Gymnasium Moguntinum. The history of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz. Mainz 1980, pp. 153-216 Franz, Jakob: On the naming of our school. In: Gymnasium Moguntinum 39(1979), S. 4-6 Fritsch, Koloman: The Gymnasium during the Electoral period. In: Moguntinum Grammar School. The history of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz. Mainz 1980, pp. 9-71. Fritsch, Koloman: The Gymnasium in the Electoral Period. In: 400 years Gymnasium Moguntinum. Festschrift of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz. Mainz 1962, pp. 9-71. Moguntinum High School. The history of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz. - Mainz: von Zabern, 1980. - XX, 228 p. Ill. Heiser, Hermann: School theatre also has its history. A contribution to 425 years of tradition at the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz. In: Gymnasium Moguntinum 50(1987), pp. 96-123. Krach, Tillmann: From the school desk to the front. The fate of the school leavers born in 1942. In: Gymnasium Moguntinum 67 (2004), S. [126]-130. Krach, Tillmann: Carl Zuckmayer as a pupil of the Humanistic Gymasium. In: Gymnasium Moguntinum 76(2013), p. 145-146: Teachers and pupils of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium in Mainz and their writings. A bibliographical selection, edited by the Stadtbibliothek Mainz. Mainz 1962. Ostendorf, Werner: "Familiar Strangers. Neighbours in history". History Competition of the Federal President 2012 In: Gymnasium Moguntinum 76(2013), p. 66-71. Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz. The history of the school, edited by Ferdinand Scherf, Meike Hensel-Grobe, Franz Dumont. Ruhpolding [a.o.] 2007. Supplement: High school graduates of the Mainzer aldsprachlichen Gymnasium (Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium) from 1901-2007, edited by Karl-Heinz Knittel. Scherf, Ferdinand / Schütz, Friedrich: History lessons and archive. Experiences of a three-year cooperation between Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz and Stadtarchiv Mainz. In: Extracurricular learning in history lessons of the upper secondary school. Speyer 1979, p. 52-61 Scherf, Ferdinand: School in Transition - The Grammar School since 1945 In: Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz. The history of the school. Ruhpolding [et al.] 2007, pp. 261-315 Scherf, Ferdinand: Carl Zuckmayer as a pupil. To a previously unknown photo. In: Blätter der Carl-Zuckmayer-Gesellschaft 10(1984), Nr. 3, S. 110-114 Scherf, Ferdinand: 425 Jahre Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz. Pictures from the school history, [Texts: Ferdinand Scherf]. Mainz 1986 [folder] Scherf, Ferdinand: 425 years Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz. In: Gymnasium Moguntinum 49(1986), pp. 83-97 Scherf, Ferdinand: 425 years Gymnasium Moguntinum. History, old languages, artistic activities and shaping the future at the "RaMa". In: Mainz. Vierteljahreshefte für Kultur, Politik, Wirtschaft, Geschichte 7(1987), H. 1, S. 101-104 Scherf, Ferdinand: Das Stadtarchiv Mainz - for 25 years a place of learning for young people. In: Mainzer Zeitschrift 96/97(2001/2002), p. 26-32 Scherf, Ferdinand: Four times 50 years. Anniversaries at the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium In: Mainz. Quarterly issues for culture, politics, economy, history 23(2003), H. 2, p. 6. Students explore the history of Mainz. Contributions to the "Schülerwettbewerb Deutsche Geschichte um den Preis des Bundespräsidenten" (German History Pupils' Competition for the Federal President's Prize) and specialist works on Mainz history. Written by pupils of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz, edited by Ferdinand Scherf and Friedrich Schütz. Mainz 1980: List of all competition entries by pupils of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz (1974 - 1980). In: Students explore the history of Mainz. Mainz 1980, p. 93. Vogt, Walter: A school celebrates its patron saint. In: Living Rhineland-Palatinate 17(1980), H. 2, S. 42-46. Vogt, Walter: The extension of the grammar school. In: Gymnasium Moguntinum 41(1981), S. 47-49. Vogt, Walter: The official handover of our extension building. For the completion of the extension of our school. In: Gymnasium Moguntinum 43(1983), pp. 49-52. From the fortress to the extension. In: Gymnasium Moguntinum 43(1983), pp. 53-62 Zuckmayer, Carl: The goal of the class. Humanist grammar school in anecdote and reflection. Speech on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the Humanistische Gymnasium in Mainz, held on 27 May 1962. In: Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium Mainz. Ruhpolding [et al.] 2007, pp. 325-340 Zuckmayer, Carl: The goal of the class. Special print for the 175th anniversary of the Philipp von Zabern publishing house. Speech on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the Humanistische Gymnasium in Mainz, held on 27 May 1962. 2nd edition. Mainz 1977 Zuckmayer, Carl: Spirit and Practice of Humanism. Speech on the occasion of the four hundredth anniversary of the Humanistische Gymnasium in Mainz, held on 27 May 1962. In: Blätter der Carl-Zuckmayer-Gesellschaft 7(1981), H. 4, p. 193-206 Gymnasium Moguntinum : Blätter des Freundes- und Fördererkreis des Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasiums Mainz, FFK. Mainz: Circle of friends and sponsors of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium, 1953 ff. Annual report / Adam-Karrillon-Gymnasium, Mainz: about the school year ... Mainz, 1936-1941 Annual report of the Gymnasium zu Mainz for the school year ... Mainz: [s.n.], 1925-1930 Annual report of the Grand Ducal Old High School in Mainz for the school year ... Mainz : [s.n.], 1913-1917 Annual report of the Grand Ducal New High School (with preschool) in Mainz ... Easter ... Mainz : [s.n.], 1913-1917 Annual report of the Grossherzoglichen Ostergymnasium zu Mainz for the school year ... Mainz : Prickarts, 1902-1908 Annual report of the Grossherzogl. Herbst-Gymnasium in Mainz for the school semester ... Mainz : [s.n.], 1901-1912 Annual report of the Grossherzogl. Herbst-Gymnasium in Mainz for the school semester ...Mainz. 1900/01(1901) - 1911/12(1912). Report of the Grossherzogl. Oster-Gymnasium zu Mainz for the half-year autumn ... until Easter ... as a supplement to the programme of the Gesamgymnasium published in autumn 1900. Mainz : [s.n.], 1901-1901 Program of the opening of the new grammar school building Monday, November 4, 1889 ... school celebration / Grand Ducal Grammar School in Mainz. Prickarts, 1889. extent: [2] sheet closing ceremony of the school year ... / Grand Ducal Grammar School of Mainz. Mainz, 1861-1885 Programme of the Grand Ducal Grammar School in Mainz : School year ... Mainz: Prickarts. - Mainz : Seifert [at the beginning], 1854-1900 Program of the Großherzoglich Hessischen Gymnasium zu Mainz as an invitation to the public examinations and the awarding of prizes associated with a speech at the end of the course ... Mainz: Seifert, 1852-1853 Programme of the Grand Ducal Grammar School in Mainz : School year ... Mainz: Prickarts. Mainz: Seifert [at the beginning], 1854-1900 Invitation to the public examinations and the prize distribution at the Grand Ducal Grammar School in Mainz : at the end of the school year ... Mainz, 1819-1851 Listing of the pupils of the Großherzoglichen Gymnasium zu Mainz, who at the end of the school year ... of a prize or of the next passages. Mainz, 1817-1859

Funeral of the fallen German soldiers at the cemetery of Swakopmund in March 1916 / Photographer: Scherl

Leaflets, pamphlets, invitations, programmes, commemorative publications, newspapers, articles, disputes, memoranda, speeches, occasional poems - each unique - about Cologne, its past and history. I. Imperial city; Icewalk from 1784, funeral service for Emperor Leopold II, Imperial Post Office in Cologne, pamphlet of the evangelicals against mayor and council in Cologne (Wetzlar 1715), municipal lottery, occasional poems for weddings, individual personalities (Jan von Werth, Frhr. Theodor Steffan von Neuhoff); II. Time of the French occupation 1794-1815: opening of the Protestant church (1802), educational affairs (Collége de Cologne, Université), Heshuisian inheritance, secularization, Peace of Tilsit, election of the department 1804; assignates, dentists, liberation wars; successor society of the society at Wirz, Neumarkt (1813); III. Prussian period (1815-1945): Visit of members of the Prussian royal house, imperial birthday celebrations, cathedral, cathedral building, cathedral completion celebration 1880, cathedral building association; Hohenzollern bridge, southern bridge, monument to Friedrich Wilhelm III, Laying of the foundation stone of the Rhine. Appellhofs (1824), building festival for the town hall (1913), town hall, provost's house at St. Maria ad Gradus; suburbs (terrain in Marienburg, parish St. Marien, Kalk: Fabriken, Arbeiter, 1903); travel brochures, city maps, articles on Cologne for tourism; commemorative and public holidays; revolution 1848; parties, elections (centre, liberal parties, social democratic party); Reichstag elections, city elections; city announcements/publications, decrees concerning the city of Cologne. Debt management (1824), rules of procedure of the city council, census, distribution of business in the administration; announcements of the news office; general comptoir or table calendar 1814-1829 (incomplete); programmes of the Konzertgesellschaft Köln and the Gürzenich concerts (1849-1933); programmes of the chamber music concerts (1897-1914); programmes of the Musikalische Gesellschaft (1900-1916), music festivals, etc. Lower Rhine Music Festivals (1844-1910); Cologne Theater Almanach (1904-1908), City Theater, Schauspielhaus, including program booklets and leaflets; Theater Millowitsch; musical performances at celebrations and festivals, concert programs; Cologne Arts and Crafts Association (Annual Report 1912); Rheinisch-Westfälisches Wirtschaftsarchiv: Statutes, Rules of Procedure 1907; Exhibitions, etc. Art in Cologne private possession (1916), Carstan's Panoptikum (1888), German Art Exhibition, Cologne 1906, Deutsche Werkbund-Ausstellung 1914, Exhibition for War Welfare Cologne 1916; Handelshochschule Köln; university courses in Brussels (1918); Women's university studies for social professions (1916/17); music conservatory (1913); grammar schools, further education schools, elementary schools, weaving school in Mülheim, Waldschulhof Brück (1917), elementary school teachers' seminar; scientific conferences: 43. Meeting of German Philologists and Schoolmen 1895, IX. Annual meeting of the Association of Bathing Professionals 1910, 12th Association Day of the Association of German Professional Fire Brigades 1912; occasional poems for family celebrations, weddings; associations; programmes, membership cards, diplomas, statutes of health insurance funds and death funds; Catholic Church: associations, parishes, saints and patrons; Protestant Church: religious service order or Death ceremonies for the chief president Count Solms-Laubach (1822), for Moritz Bölling (1824); inauguration of the new synagogue, Glockengasse (1861); military: regimental celebrations, forbidden streets and restaurants (before 1914); memorandums about the garrison Cologne (1818); food supply in the First World War: food stamps, bread and commodity books, ration coupons and forms, etc.a. for coal purchasing; Einkaufs-Gesellschaft Rhein-Mosel m. b. H.Economy: Stadtsparkasse, cattle market in Cologne, stock exchange, beer price increase 1911; individual commercial enterprises, commercial and business buildings, hotels: brochures, letterheads, advertising cards and leaflets, price lists, statutes; shipping: Rhine shipping regulations, timetables, price lists, memorandums; main post office building, inauguration 1893; Rheinische Eisenbahn, Köln-Gießener Eisenbahn; German-French War 1870/71; First World War, etc.a. Leaflets, war loans, field letters, war poems; cruisers "Cologne"; natural disasters: Rhine floods, railway accident in Mülheim in 1910, hurricanes; social affairs: charity fair, asylum for male homeless people, possibly home for working young girls, invalidity and old-age insurance; St. Marien-Hospital; Sports: clubs, sports facilities, gymnastics festivals; Carnival: programs, carnival newspapers, - songs, - poems; celebrations, ceremonies for imperial birthdays, enthronements of archbishops, celebrations of other personalities; IV. Weimar Republic and National Socialism: floods; churches, treasure chambers; cathedral; individual buildings, monuments, including the old town, town hall, Gürzenich, Haus zum großen Rosendal, Mühlengasse; Revolution 1918: workers' and soldiers' council; gifts, honorary citizenship to NS greats; hanged forced laborers; bank robber Gebrüder Heidger (1928); municipal and other official publications concerning the Weimar Republic and National Socialism. Luftschutz, NSRechtsbetreuungsstelle; Newsletter of the Welfare Office 1937, 1938; Kameradschaftsdienst der Verwaltung für Wirtschaftsfürsorge, Jugendpflege und Sport 1940, 1943, 1944; Müllabfuhr und Müllverwertungsanstalt, Wirtschaftspolitik, Industrieansiedlung, Eingemeindung von Worringen, Erweiterung des Stadtgebiets; political parties: Advertising flyers for elections, pins, badges of DNVP, NSDAP, SPD, centre; camouflage letters of the KPD; appeals, rallies of various political groups, including the Reich Committee for the German Referendum (against the Young Plan, 1929), Reich Presidential Election, referendum in the Saar region, Working Committee of German Associations (against the Treaty of Versailles); Municipal Stages: Periodical "Die Tribüne", 1929-1940, annual reports 1939-1944, programme and cast sheets for performances in the opera house and the Schauspielhaus, also in the Kammerspiele; Lower Rhine music festivals; galleries (Dr. Becker, Goyert), Kölnischer Kunstverein: Invitations to exhibitions (1934-1938), circulars to members; art auctions at Fa. Math. Lempertz (1925-1931); music performances, concerts: Kölner Männer-Gesang-Verein, municipal orchestra, concerts of young artists, Concert Society Cologne; Millennium Exhibition 1925; museums: Wallraf-Richartz-Museum, Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum, Kunstgewerbemuseum (among others monuments of old Russian painting, 1929), Schnütgen-Museum, art exhibitions, among others. Arno Breker (NSDAP-Gaupropaganda-Amt Gau Köln-Aachen), exhibition of works by West German artists (Deutsche Arbeitsfront), Richard Seewald, Deutscher Künstlerbund, Ausstellungsgemeinschaft Kölner Maler; universities, including the University of Cologne (lecture timetables, new building, anniversary 1938), Hochschule für Musik bzw. Conservatory of Music in Cologne; Reich activity reports of the foreign office of the lecturers of the German universities and colleges (1939-1942); Lower Rhine music festivals; scientific and cultural institutions and events and events in the region.a. Petrarca-Haus, German-Italian Cultural Institute, Volksbildungsstätte Köln, German-Dutch Institute, Cologne Meisterschule, Vereinigung für rechts- und staatswissenschaftliche Fortbildung in Köln, Austrian Weeks, Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur e.V.Conferences (Westdeutscher Archivtag 1939, Deutsche Anthropologische Gesellschaft 1927, Rheinische Siedlungstage 1925, Conference for Monument Conservation and Cultural Heritage Protection, Grenzland-Kundgebung der Beamten der Westmark, Cologne 1933, Internationaler Brieftauben-Züchter- Kongress (IBRA) 1939; Schools: Invitations, Testimonials Concerning the German Anthropological Society 1927, Rheinische Siedlungstage 1925, Conference for the Preservation of Monuments and Cultural Heritage, Borderland Demonstration of the Officials of the Westmark, Cologne 1933, Internationaler Brieftauben-Züchter-Kongreß (IBRA) 1939; Schools: Invitations, Testimonials Concerning the German Anthropological Society 1927, Rheinische Siedlungstagestage 1925, Conference for the Preservation of Monuments and Cultural Heritage, Borderland Demonstration of the Officials of the Westmark, Cologne 1933, International Brieftauben Congress (IBRA) 1939) Elementary schools, vocational schools, grammar schools; Sports: Vaterländische Festspiele 1924, Zweckverband für Leibesübungen Groß-Köln, 14th German Gymnastics Festival 1928, II German Fighting Games 1926, Leichtathletik-Welt- und Länderkämpfe, Westdeutscher Spielverband, Hockey-Damen-Länderspiel Deutschland- Australien 1930, Excelsior-Club Köln e.V., XII. Bannerspiele der weiblichen Jugend der Rheinprovinz 1926; Catholic Church (official announcements and publications, e.g. Kirchlicher Anzeiger für die Erzdiözese Köln; pamphlets; programme, prayer slips); British occupation, French colonial troops in the Rhineland, identity cards, passports; British World War I pamphlets; Liberation celebration in Cologne 1926; Second World War: appeals, leaflets concerning the Second World War; information leaflets concerning the Second World War: "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution", "The German Revolution". Air raids, defence, low-flying combat, darkening, etc.; newspaper articles about air raids on Cologne; advertising: leaflets, leaflets of the advertising office, the Cologne Week publishing house and the Cologne Tourist Association for Cologne, including the surrounding area and the Rhine Valley; invitations, menus to receptions and meals of the Lord Mayor Adenauer (1927-1929); pay slips, work certificates, work books of Cologne companies; Cologne Trade Fair: Programmes, brochures, adhesive stamps, catalogues for trade fairs and exhibitions (1924-1933); food stamps and cards for World War I; announcements; clothing cards, basic cards for normal consumers for World War II; vouchers for the city of Cologne (emergency money) from 1920-1923, anniversary vouchers for Gewerbebank eGmbH Köln-Mülheim, also for Dellbrücker Volksbank eGmbH; savings banks: Annual reports of the Sparkasse der Hansestadt Köln; documents, savings books of the Spar- und Darlehnskasse Köln-Dünnwald, the Kreissparkasse des Landkreises Köln, Bergheim und Mülheim, also the branch Köln-Worringen, the Bank des Rheinischen Bankverein/Rheinischen Bauernbank; Köln-Bonner-Eisenbahnen: Annual reports, balance sheets (1939-1941); trams: Annual Report, Annual Report (1939, 1940), Ticket; Köln-Frechen-Benzelrather Eisenbahn: Tariffs; Shipping: Preussisch-Rheinische Dampfschiffahrts-Gesellschaft zu Köln, Dampfschiffahrtsgesellschaft für den Nieder- und Mittelrhein zu Düsseldorf (Annual Reports 1938-1940), Köln- Düsseldorfer Rheindampfschiffahrt, Weber-Schiff (Timetables); Kraftverkehr Wupper-Sieg AG, Wipperfürth (Annual Reports 1939, 1940, Advertising Brochure 1937); Advertising brochure of the Airport Administration Cologne (1929); Individual Companies: House announcements, advertising leaflets, cards, brochures, adhesive stamps, receipts from industrial companies (Ford Motor Company AG, Glanzstoff- Courtaulds GmbH, Herbig-Haarhaus, department stores). Department store Carl Peters, insurance companies, newspapers, publishing houses, bookstores, craft businesses, shops (tobacco shops); Cologne bridges (Mülheimer bridge), post office, restaurants, hotels; invitations to festivals, events, anniversaries of associations, programmes; professional associations; cooperatives (Cologne-Lindenthal cooperative savings and building association (1930-1938); social affairs: Cologne emergency aid, housing assistance, sending of children (mostly official printed matter); collecting cards from Cologne and other companies, above all from the food and luxury food industries, such as coffee and tobacco companies, etc.a. the companies Haus Neuerburg, Himmelreich Kaffee, Stollwerk AG, König

History of Tradition Biographical information Heinz Braun was born in 1927 as the son of Heinrich Braun and Barbara Braun, née Müller. At the age of ten the secondary school student Heinz Braun went to the Hitler Youth, at 15 he became a member of the fire brigade, at 16 he became an air force helper. He was drafted at the age of 17. After Heinz Braun had been deployed around Breslau in 1945, he spent a few weeks of rest with his comrades in a village near Prague. Finally, Heinz Braun was deployed on his way to Lake Balaton in mid-April 1945 in Vienna. While defending a crossroads, he and his comrades were taken prisoner of war in Russia. After a three-month stay in Vienna, they were taken to Stalingrad. He returned home from captivity in January 1950. With the help of the care of the returnees, he began training as an electrician, to which he joined the technician. In 1956 Heinz Braun married a young woman from Rottweil, with whom he has two sons. He took early retirement in 1985. After Mr. Braun had learned of the estate of Kugler, which had been published by the State Archive Sigmaringen, he donated a photo album with a collection of field postcards and some photographs to the archive in 2006 (access 2006/45). The vast majority of the field postcards his mother Barbara Braun, née Müller, had received from her brothers Jakob and Philipp during the First World War. Furthermore, in 2007 (access 2007/02), Mr Braun donated letters, personal documents and photographs from the first half of the 20th century to the Sigmaringen State Archives. In addition, Mr. Braun supplemented his past, in particular his stay in a prisoner of war camp in Stalingrad, as well as the past of his mother and his uncle Jakob Müller with personal notes and partially literarily worked up. The collection's focus is on 167 field postcards from the time of the First World War. They visualize the everyday life of soldiers as well as the effects of war. Used as a means of propaganda against their own population, they also illustrate the expansion of psychological warfare in the First World War. Within the newly created classification levels, the units of description were arranged chronologically. Postcards and photographs not to be dated are placed at the end of a classification group. Records, letters and personal documents of the estate giver were summarized in thematic units. Titles of postcards and photographs were made on the basis of text imprints. If no text imprints were available, the handwritten titles of the postcard owners were taken over in quotation marks. Own title formations or additions were made without quotation marks. In the case of postcards sent, the sender and recipient are also noted. The title shows place names in the spelling used on the postcards and photographs. Where today's official place names differ, they have been added in square brackets. The place names of that time, but also German names for foreign places can be understood in this way. The postcards are dated after the date of dispatch of the card. If the author of a postcard has dated his message to a date before the date of dispatch, both dates have been included. Information on publishers, photo studios, series and film numbering appear in the "Presignature 1" data field. In ScopeArchive the inventory was recorded and packaged under the guidance of Dr. Volker Trugen berger and Sibylle Brühl by intern Sarah Bongermino in July and August 2008. The inventory comprises 167 postcards, 15 photographs and 10 file units with a total volume of 0.4 linear metres of shelving. The citation of the inventory is as follows: N 1/85 T 1 No. [order number] Sigmaringen, August 2008 Sarah Bongermino The personal documents, photographs and maps (N1/85 T 1 No. 200-234) donated in the years 2008 (access 2008/56) and 2009 (access 2009/28 and 2009/37) were catalogued by Sibylle Brühl and the two interns Bernhard Homa and Anika Mester in September 2009 and included in the inventory. The collection comprises 167 postcards, 31 photographs, 19 file units and 5 cards with a total volume of 0.5 running metres of shelving. Sigmaringen, September 2009 Sibylle Brühl Content and evaluation Field postcards and photographs from the First World War; letters, personal documents, maps and photographs from the first half of the 20th century as well as records of the life stories of the estate giver and family members.

The story of the person Robert Arnaud was born on 30 June 1885 in Sigmaringen. After attending high school, he completed a three-year apprenticeship in Heilbronn, which was followed by work in various drugstores and as a representative for Kathreiner's malt coffee. In November 1908 Robert Arnaud acquired a building in the Schwabstraße in Sigmaringen, which was to house the Robert Arnaud city drugstore in the following years. In 1928 the shop was enlarged by an extension in the Bauhaus style. Robert Arnaud's marriage to Amelie Dieringer (1889-1970) in 1910 produced the daughters Gertrud (1911-1990), Hildegard (1912-1995) and Gretel (1916-1995) and his son Robert (1927-1945). Robert Arnaud died on 11 May 1945, shortly after his son had been shot dead during the invasion of Sigmaringen by French troops. Inventory history and report of the researcher Renate Arnaud handed over the available documents to the Sigmaringen State Archives in 2004, 2005 and 2007 (accession numbers 55/2004, 20/2005 and 9/2007). This is an enriched estate with a term of approximately 1871 to 2005. The focus is on the first two decades of the 20th century and the years between 1930 and 1940. Corinna Knobloch recorded the documents in the period from March to July 2006 and in February 2007. During the development 1381 units were formed, consisting among others of 5 master plates, 14 units with correspondence, 1191 postcards or folders with postcards as well as photographs, 4 photo glass plates, 479 collector's pictures of Kathreiner's Kneipp malt coffee, Liebig's Fleisch-Extract, Bernsdorp's Cacao

Fights in Tsingtau in the German colony Kiautchou in the First World War

German soldiers in the jungle with a machine gun. The photo was taken by a photographer in captivity. / Photographer: Scherl

German soldiers (from left to right: Senior Physician Dr. Wolf, Lieutenant Baldamus, Lieutenant von Schappuis) in front of the customs house in Bagamojo with bullet hole in the colony of D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a during the First World War / Photographer: Scherl

Photo * Picture agency: Bild- und Filmamt (Bufa)

1 On the biography of Karl Sauter: Karl Sauter was born on 16 May 1870 in Stuttgart as the son of the later director of construction Karl von Sauter. His mother Maria Sauter, née Breimeier, died eight days after his birth. Karl Sauter subsequently grew up with his maternal grandparents in Dettingen/Urach before moving to Stuttgart at the age of six to live with his father, who had remarried in the meantime. After attending a boarding school, Sauter embarked on a military career. In 1885 he joined the cadet corps in Oranienstein and in 1886 the main cadet school in Groß-Lichterfelde. In the years from 1889 to 1900 Sauter served as a lieutenant secretary and prime lieutenant in the Infantry Regiment No. 120. In October 1900 he was commanded to the Great General Staff, where he received a captain's post in 1903. Sauter returned to Württemberg in March 1904. He took over a company of the Grenadier Regiment No. 123. In 1909 Sauter became general staff officer of the 27th Infantry Division. After his promotion to Major (1910) and a one-year activity at the Large General Staff (1911/12), he was transferred to the Fusililier Regiment No. 122 (1912). During the First World War, Sauter worked from October 1914 to June 1915 as First General Staff Officer in the XXVI Reserve Corps. From July 1915 he commanded the newly established Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 122, and from June 1916 he served as Chief of the General Staff of the 26th Reserve Corps. During the first three years of the war, Sauter was deployed mainly in Flanders (including Poelkapelle and Langemarck), Lorraine (including St. Julien and Longwy), the Champagne (including Reims) and the Somme. In February 1915 he was appointed lieutenant colonel. From September 1917 until the end of the war, Sauter served as Chief of the General Staff of the Government of Antwerp. After the end of the war Karl Sauter was stationed 1919 as liaison officer of the Württemberg War Ministry at the OHL in Kolberg. In 1920 he retired from military service; at the same time he was given the character of a major general. Subsequently, Sauter reoriented himself professionally and began a career as a businessman. Sauter wrote numerous (lecture) manuscripts on topics of time and defence policy during his military service, but above all after his departure from the army. The texts express his closeness to National Socialist ideology. Sauter was, among other things, a member of the NS Volkswohlfahrt. After the end of the Second World War, Sauter had to answer for himself in a denazification case in Stuttgart, where he travelled extensively to numerous European and non-European countries for several decades. Sauter died on 11 March 1959. 2. On the military estate of Karl Sauter: The holdings were transferred to the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart in August 1959. The records were undeveloped so far. They were arranged and listed by archive trainee Dr. Christine Axer under the guidance of Dr. Wolfgang Mährle in December 2010. The military estate of Karl Sauter comprises 1 linear meter. Sauter's memoirs "From my time and for the understanding of the history of my time", which are handed down in the estate and partly kept in the form of a diary, cover a period of more than sixty years. They provide information about the military career of their author as well as about the numerous journeys he made to almost all continents. The memoirs are supplemented by a comprehensive collection of material and a series of unpublished manuscripts by Sauter, in which - politically colored - he deals on the one hand with (military) political and historical questions, and on the other hand also reflects on human existence. The collection also contains numerous postcards, maps and photographs. The latter in particular reveal an unvarnished view of the First World War and its horrors. 3. references: - HStAS, M 430/2 Bü 1786, Sauter, Karl (military personnel file);- HStAS, M 707 No. 1286, Sauter, Karl (14 photographs);- StAL, EL 902/20 Bü 61623 Heimatspruchkammern Spruchkammer 37 - Stuttgart: Procedural files: Sauter, Karl.Stuttgart, December 2010Dr. Wolfgang MährleDr. Christine Axer

1. to the biography Georg von Körbling: Georg von Körbling was born in Würzburg on 12.5.1856 as son of the Bavarian Genie-Oberleutnants and later Obersten Ignaz Körbling and his wife Auguste, née Hausmann. At the age of 13, von Körbling was admitted to the Bavarian Cadet School in Munich, where he received five years of military training. In 1874 he entered the Württemberg service as a junior officer of the flag and in the pre-war period he became colonel and commander of the infantry regiment of Kaiser Wilhelm König v. Preußen (2nd Württ. No. 120) in Ulm (22.4.1912). At the beginning of the First World War, von Körbling was deployed in the Argonne Mountains (France), but fell ill with the Ruhr in September 1914 and returned to Ulm. The change of periods of service and illness then went through his entire wartime, spent exclusively on the western front or in Württemberg: from December 1914, von Körbling took command of the Deputy 53rd Infantry Brigade in Ulm and was promoted to Major General on the occasion of the imperial birthday (27.1.1915). In February 1915, he returned to the French front as commander of infantry regiment no. 120, and in April 1915, he took command of the 53rd Infantry Brigade. With this unit von Körbling was first deployed in the Argonne, from January 1916 in Flanders and from July 1916 in the Somme (France). Due to a renewed illness von Körbling was transferred to the officers of the army in September 1916 and appointed commander of the I. Deputy 54th Infantry Brigade in Ulm in October 1916. After a year, he rejoined the French front. From November 1917 he commanded the Prussian 37th Reserve Infantry Brigade, from March 1918 the 202nd Infantry Division deployed in Lorraine. Already in June 1918 von Körbling fell ill again and was again seconded to the officers by the army. After his promotion to Lieutenant General (18.7.1918) he assumed the chairmanship of an OHL commission at the staff of Army Division B from 20 July to 16 October 1918. Von Körbling retired from military service in July 1919. During his military career von Körbling received several high German and non-German awards, among others the Order of the Württembergische Krone, which was connected with the personal nobility (3.5.1911), the Iron Cross 1st class (2.10.1914), the Prussian Red Eagle Order 2nd class with swords (27.12.1916), the Bulgarian Alexander Order (8.8.1917) and the Austrian Military Cross 2nd class (6.12.1917). During the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich, von Körbling's activities included the publication of newspaper articles and lectures on his war experiences. As commander of an imperial body regiment, he had already taken part in the emperor's New Year receptions in the pre-war period. For this reason, Körbling was invited to a feast in Doorn (Netherlands) in 1929 on the occasion of the 70th birthday of Wilhelm II. Körbling's visit to Doorn is mentioned in his autobiographical writings. Georg von Körbling had been married to Adelinde von Fischer since 1886 and had two sons with her, one of whom (Theobald) died shortly after her birth in 1887. Georg von Körbling died on 27.1.1942 in Ulm. 2 On the biography of Alfred Körbling: Alfred Theobald Lukas Karl Körbling was born on 19 January 1889 in Weingarten as the second son of Georg von Körbling and his wife Adelinde. Körbling's military training began in the spring of 1902, when he first entered the Prussian Kadettenhaus Karlsruhe and finally the Hauptkadettenanstalt Großlichterfelde. In 1908 he was transferred as a lieutenant to the Grenadier Regiment No. 123 in Ulm and remained there with a short interruption until 1913. After a successful application, Körbling changed to the Imperial Protection Force for D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a in spring 1913 and joined the 10th Field Company in Dar es Salaam in autumn 1913. Only one month later he was transferred to the 1st Field Company in Arusha near Kilimanjaro. At the beginning of the First World War, Körbling participated in operations against the Uganda Railway in British East Africa and in the northeast of the German protectorate. In 1916 he fell ill with various tropical diseases, so that after the withdrawal of the German troops in autumn 1916 he was handed over to the British units because of his inability to transport. After stays in several military hospitals and camps, Körbling was sent to a British prisoner of war camp on Malta in 1918. In 1919 he returned to Ulm and in 1920 retired from the army in the rank of captain. During the First World War Alfred Körbling received the Iron Cross 2nd class (2.9.1916), among others. In the Weimar Republic Körbling began to study at the Agricultural University of Hohenheim after various occupations in the agricultural sector, which he completed with a diploma in 1926. From 1927 onwards, Körbling headed the Heeresfachschule für Landwirtschaft in Tübingen and on January 1, 1930, received a permanent post as a specialist student councillor. Körbling joined the NSDAP in the Weimar Republic as a party politician and held the rank of Sturmbannführer in the Weimar Republic.Alfred Körbling had been married to the general daughter Erna Zöller since 1919 and had three daughters. He died on 22.7.1933 in Tübingen of heart paralysis. 3. on the estate of Georg von Körbling and Alfred Körbling: documents from the estate of Georg von Körbling, especially war diaries, lecture manuscripts and printed matter, were handed over to the army archive in Stuttgart a few months after the death of the general in June 1942. These documents passed into the possession of the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart in 1945. In 1955 Alfons Beiermeister carried out a recording of the archives. In spring 2011, the Stuttgart State Archives were able to produce reproductions of documents by Georg von Körblings and Alfred Körblings, which are in the possession of Ilse Hames, Alfred Körblings eldest daughter. These were photographic documents and autobiographical writings by Georg von Körbling and photographs by Alfred Körbling. The addition of new documents to the M 660/133 estate necessitated a new distortion. This was carried out in August 2011 by archive assistant Michael Ucharim, M.A. under the direction of Dr. Wolfgang Mährle. The stock now comprises 17 tufts. The documents adopted in 2011 were given bundle numbers 1-4 and 13-14. 4. Source references: Georg von Körbling: HStAS: M 430/2 Bü 1111; M 703 R233N1-6, R191N31, R191aN17; M 707 Nr. 827, 828; M 743/2 Bü 270; Alfred Körbling: HStAS: M 430/2 Bü 1109; StAS: Wü 13 T 2 Nr. 2140/143;Adelinde von Körbling: StAS: Wü 42 T 9 No. 69;Erna Körbling: StAS: Wü 13 T 2 No. 2568/615.Stuttgart , August 2011Dr. Wolfgang MährleMichael Ucharim, M.A.

1 On the biography of Walther Reinhardt: Walther Reinhardt was born in Stuttgart on 24 March 1872 as the son of the then captain August Reinhardt. He attended the Gymnasium in Ulm, the Lyceum in Ludwigsburg and the Gymnasium in Heilbronn. Afterwards he changed to the Kadettenanstalt in Oranienstein and to the Hauptkadettenanstalt Groß-Lichterfelde. On 9 February 1891 Reinhardt joined the Grenadier regiment of Queen Olga No. 119 as Portepeefähnrich. In 1892 he was promoted to lieutenant, in 1897 he was appointed to war academy and subsequently commanded as lieutenant in service at the Great General Staff. Three years later, on March 10, 1904, Reinhardt was promoted to Captain, leaving the Grand General Staff in office. On April 22, 1905, he joined the General Staff of the XV Army Corps in Strasbourg before serving as Company Commander in the Infantry Regiment Alt-Württemberg No. 121 in Ludwigsburg from February 25, 1907 to April 19, 1909. On 20 April 1909 Reinhardt was transferred to the General Staff of the 26th (1st Kgl.-Württ.) Division. He returned to the Grand General Staff as Major on September 10, 1910. On 3 November 1912 he was assigned to the General Command of the XIIIth (Kgl.-Württ.) Army Corps. Reinhardt was a staff officer of the XIII Army Corps and on August 2, 1914 he entered the First World War. He was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Württemberg Army Corps on 23 January 1915. On 18 May 1915 he was appointed lieutenant colonel. From June 1916 to February 1917 Reinhardt held various command posts, each of which he held for only a few months or even a few weeks. From 26 June to 16 July 1916 he was commander of infantry regiment 118, before becoming chief of staff of the XVII Army Corps from 17 July to 20 November 1916. On 21 November 1916 he took over the post of Chief of Staff of the 11th Army in Macedonia. The appointment as Chief of Staff of the High Command of the 7th Army on 10 February 1917 led him back to the Western Front. On 23 May 1917 Reinhardt was awarded the Order of Pour le Mérite with oak leaves for his achievements in the conquest of the Chemin des Dames. He also received the Commander's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern with swords for his military achievements. On April 18, 1918, Reinhardt was promoted to colonel, and by cabinet order of November 4, 1918, Reinhardt was transferred to the Prussian War Ministry to organize the demobilization of the army. Two months later, on January 2, 1919, Reinhardt took over the office of Prussian War Minister. After the dissolution of the Imperial Army, Reinhardt became the first Chief of Staff of the new Imperial Army on 13 September 1919. During this time he was also appointed Major General. Only a few months after taking over his new duties, Reinhardt resigned as Chief of Staff at the end of March 1920, following the Kapp Putsch, and took over the Döberitz apprentice brigade for a short time before becoming Commander-in-Chief of the Wehrkreiskommando V in Stuttgart as Lieutenant General on 15 May 1920. In personal union he exercised the functions of a commander of the 5th division as well as the state commander of Württemberg. He retained his position as commander of the military district command V for almost five years. On 1 January 1925 Reinhardt was appointed commander-in-chief of Group Command 2 in Kassel. Two years later, in December 1927, he retired from the army and took charge of a course for older officers. These "Reinhardt courses" lasted beyond the death of their creator until 1932/1933. Furthermore, he devoted himself to the preparation of publications mainly on military and historical topics. Walther Reinhardt died in Berlin on August 8, 1930. 2 On the estate of Walther Reinhardt: The estate of Walther Reinhardt comprises documents from his military service as well as private correspondence. In addition, manuscripts for lectures and publications, which Reinhardt wrote above all after his retirement from military service, form a not inconsiderable part. The documents are supplemented by Reinhardt's collections of newspaper clippings, particularly from the years 1918/1919, most of which were in the possession of Reinhardt's daughter Lotte Reinhardt, Director of Studies, after his death on August 8, 1930. On September 7, 1939, the latter handed over 13 tufts of files and three war diaries to the former Heeresarchiv Stuttgart, and on September 11, 1940, further archival documents, namely photographs (some of them in albums), newspaper clippings, and official personnel reminders. The documents from Reinhardt's estate were arranged chronologically in the army archives, stapled into folders and recorded. The repertory with a foreword by Major General Sieglin was available on 15 October 1940, and a small part of Reinhardt's estate was handed over to the Potsdam Army Archives shortly after his death. In a letter dated 11 September 1940, the Heeresarchiv Stuttgart attempted to obtain the transfer of this part of the estate in order to merge it with the Stuttgart holdings in process at that time. On 23 October 1940, however, the Heeresarchiv Potsdam announced that Reinhardt had "no private records" in his custody. The Heeresarchiv Stuttgart does not seem to have made any further attempts to gain possession of the Potsdam partial estate. Since the Heeresarchiv Potsdam was destroyed immediately before the end of the Second World War and most of its holdings were destroyed, the documents handed over there from Reinhardt's property are presumably lost today.17 February 1961 Lotte Reinhardt handed over to the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart, which had meanwhile taken over most of the holdings of the former Heeresarchiv Stuttgart, further documents of her father in her possession (letters, records, drafts, printed matter, newspaper clippings). In the summer of 1964, Oberstaatsarchivrat Dr. Uhland ordered and listed these archival records, which were then combined with the older holdings. The collection folders bound by the Army Archives were dissolved several times in order to be able to chronologically classify pieces belonging to them. These studies also showed that the recording in the Army Archives was incomplete, and in some cases incorrect. The new holdings comprised 56 folders, which were structured according to the chronological order method of the Army Archives. In some of the tufts formed, subfascicles were formed. Before the transfer to the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart, Lotte Reinhardt had made available the estate of her father, Professor Fritz Ernst (Heidelberg), in her possession, who used it for a publication (Ernst, Fritz: Aus dem Nachlass des General Walther Reinhardt, Stuttgart 1958). It seems that individual pieces remained with Professor Ernst and that even after his death (22 December 1963) they no longer came to the owner. Between 1964 and 1987, his daughter Lotte Reinhardt repeatedly submitted documents from the estate of Walther Reinhardt. On December 29, 1964, Lotte Reinhardt handed over newspaper clippings and writings. There were also copies made by Professor Ernst. The archival documents were sorted, recorded and placed to the corresponding bundle numbers. In addition, two new tufts were formed. This increased the size of the estate to 58 folders. Lotte Reinhardt also handed over further archival records on 27 August 1969, 7 March 1970, 12 March 1973, 6 February 1978, April 1978, 16 August 1978 and 26 January 1987, mainly to Walther Reinhardt for private correspondence (letters to parents, wife, children) and newspaper clippings. The M 660/034 holdings were reopened in September 2010 by the candidate Sylvia Günteroth under the guidance of Dr. Wolfgang Mährle. In the course of this work, a classification of the documents was carried out which replaced the previous chronological order. The allocation of the documents that had been archived until 1964 to individual clusters and the division of these archive units into subfascicles have been retained. The existing title recordings were carefully revised. The previously unrecorded archival records that had been archived between 1969 and 1987 were sorted and recorded. The estate of Walther Reinhardt now comprises 89 tufts with a total volume of 1.6 linear metres. 3. References to sources and literature: Sources:- Walther Reinhardt's personal file: M 430/2 Bü 1684;- Biographical documents: E 130b Bü 235, Q 3/60 Bü 29, Q 3/60 Bü 32, Q 3/60 Bü 47; M 743/1 Bü 11- Photographs: Q 3/60 Bü 32; M 703 R 170N19; M 703 R190N10; M 703 R191N17; M 707 Nr. 1213; M 743/1 Bü 11Publications Walther Reinhardt's (selection):- Reinhardt, Walther: Six Months West Front: Campaign Experiences of an Artillery Officer in Belgium, Flanders and the Champagne, 3rd edition, Berlin 1915 - Reinhardt, Walther: In der Picardie: Pictures from the position war in the west, 3rd edition, Berlin 1917 - Reinhardt, Walther/Zenker, Hans: Wehrwille und Wehrgedanke in Deutschlands Jugend: 2 lectures at the Freusburger Schulungswoche 1929, Berlin-Charlottenburg 1930 - Reinhardt, Walther: George Washington. Die Geschichte einer Staatsgründung, Frankfurt 1931 - Reinhardt, Walther: Wehrkraft und Wehrwille: aus seinem Nachlass mit einer Lebensbeschreibung Walther Reinhardt, Berlin 1932 Literature: - Ernst, Fritz: Aus dem Nachlass des General Walther Reinhardt, Stuttgart 1958.- Kohlhaas, Wilhelm: Walther Reinhardt: General der Infanterie, 1872-1930, in: Lebensbilder aus Schwaben und Franken, 17th volume, Stuttgart 1991, pp. 306-316 - Mulligan, William: The creation of the modern German Army: General Walther Reinhardt and the Weimar Republic, 1914-1930, New York 2005.Stuttgart, May 2011Dr. Wolfgang MährleSylvia Günteroth

Duration: 1874-2010 Scope: approx. 6000 (as of 2012) Find aids: initial letters A-R in HEUSS (object type: photo) Collection of postcards, postcards and greeting cards with reference to Heilbronn and its surroundings. The main focus of the motifs is on the cityscape, next to it there are maps of people, events and companies in Heilbronn, for example for advertising purposes. The maps are arranged according to motifs in folders. The stock is constantly being expanded through acquisitions and foundations. At present, the postcards are gradually being digitised by a volunteer and individually indexed in HEUSS. As of November 2012, a total of 3936 postcards are recorded. Of these, 771 postcards are freely available on the Internet. For copyright reasons, the others can only be researched digitally in the reading room of the Stadtarchiv. The digitisation and indexing follows the original sorting of the postcard folders "alphabetically by motif". The list below gives an overview of the folders of postcards already entered in HEUSS. In the case of HEUSS, the original title of the postcard, if available, is included in the "Title" field (if it consists of several words, in quotation marks, e.g. "Kaiserstraße und Marktplatz"). The word "Heilbronn" is left out of the rule. Essential image content that is not printed in the original caption is added in the title field. In the HEUSS field "Author" the producing publisher is indicated, as far as known, in some cases supplemented by further authors (photographer, draughtsman). A small part of the collected postcards could not be purchased in the original. The field "Remark" contains the information "Repro" (often supplemented by the internal repro number). With the exception of the field "Ad spec", the object-type-specific fields have not yet been filled in, or have only been filled in as a whole. The entries in the "Ad spec" field for this stock are identical to those in the title field. To order an original postcard in the reading room, the entire signature (as shown in the HEUSS field "Signature") must be entered. Overview of the postcard folders in alphabetical order, followed in brackets by the respective folder number (August2012): Adlerbrauerei (M_1008) Adolf-Hitler-Haus (M_0001) Albrecht, Heinrich Weinwirtschaft (M_0002) Alexanderstraße (M_1043) Allee vor 1944 (M_0003) Allee nach 1945(M_0004) Allinger, Pension 1909 (M_0005) Allerheiligenstraße (M_0006) Alte Gasse vor 1944 (M_0007) Alte Stadtmauer vor 1944 (M_0008) Alter Friedhof vor 1944 (M_0009) AltersheimBadstraße (M_0010) Alt Heilbronn (M_0011) Am Wollhaus (M_0012) Postcard set Maring- (M_0006) Old town wall before 1944 (M_0008) Old cemetery before 1944 (M_0009) Old people's homeBadstraße (M_0010) Alt Heilbronn (M_0011) Am Wollhaus (M_0012) Postcard set Maring- (M_0012)Nadler (M_1044) AOK Erholungsheim Frauenalb before 1945 (M_0013) AOK allgemeineOrtskrankenkasse ca. 1929 (M_0014) AOK general local health insurance before 1944 (M_0015) Aukirche, evang.., Austraße 2 vor 1944 (M_0016) AWO-Waldheim (M_1005) Backhaus vor 1944(M_0017) Badstraße (M_0018) Bahnhofstraße vor 1945 (M_0019) Bahnhofstraße ab 1945 (M_0020) Bahnhofvorplatz col vor 1945 (M_0139) Bahnhofvorplatz schwarz-weiß vor 1945 (M_0140) Bahnhofvorplatz nach 1945 (M_0141) Firma Bantel, Hermann (M_1001) Bergstraße (M_1022) Berliner Platz after 1944 (M_0021) Besenwirtschaft (M_0022) Biedermanngasse (M_0023) Bismarck monument color before 1945 (M_0024) Bismarck monument black and white before 1945 (M_0025) Bismarck monument after 1944 (M_0026) Bismarckstraße before 1944 (M_0027) Braille before 1944 (M_0028) Böhringer, Hermann, Restaurant (M_1011) Bollwerksturm vor 1945 (M_0029) Bollwerksturm nach 1945 (M_0030) Botanischer Obstgarten (M_1002) Brenner-Schilling,Postkartenserien (M_0366) Bühnenball, First Heilbronn (M_0149) Central-Hotel (M_0033) CGH Heilbronn after 1945 (M_0034) Christuskirche 1965 (M_0035) Cluss Brewery (M_0036) Dachstein Victim of 1954 (M_0037) Dam School, Dammstraße 14 before 1944 (M_0038) Steamship "Heilbronn" (M_0039) Steam locomotive (M_0040) Demonstrations (M_0041) DeutscherAlpenverein (M_0042) Deutschhof, smaller: Detail oriel black and white before 1945 (M_0043) Deutschhof with Peter and Paul black and white before 1945 (M_0044) Deutschhof photo color before 1945(M_0045) Deutschhof drawings before 1945 (M_0046) Deutschhof, smaller: gable complete photos black and white before 1945 (M_0047) Deutschhof general Photos black-and-white before 1945(M_0048) Deutschhof after 1945 (M_0049) Deutschhofstraße before 1945 (M_0050) Deutscher Weinbaukongress HN after 1945 (M_0051) Third Reich (M_0052) EHO - EhemaligeHeuss-Oberschüler, Vereinigung (M_1014) Eisenhart (M_0053) Eisener Steg color beim Götzenturm (M_0054) Eiserner Steg schwarz-weiß beim Götzenturm (M_0055) Elser, Company, Fabrikation(M_0056) Events, various (M_1015) First World War (M_1016) Protestant social congress before 1945 (M_0057) Falken-Hotel before 1945 (M_0058) Family photos (M_1025) Fegert-Hotel Roßkampffstraße 15-17 (M_0059) Field postcard before 1945 (M_0060) Fire department before 1944 (M_0061) Feyerabendstraße before 1945 (M_0062) Fischergasse before 1945 (M_0063) Flammer, Company (M_1010) Flammer residential house before 1945 (M_0064) Fleiner Strasse before 1945 (M_0065) Fleiner Strasse after 1945 (M_0066) Fleinertor fountain before 1945 (M_0067) Fleinertor fountain since 1945 (M_0068) Airplanes (M_1020) Frankfurterstraße (M_1009) Women's work school Lohtorstraße 36 before 1944 (M_0070) Open-air swimming pool at Gesundbrunnen (M_0071) Open-air theatre (M_1004) Frey, C.F., Yarn, short and long Wollwaren-Großhandel (M_0072) Friedenskirche color vor 1945 (M_0073) Friedenskirche schwarz-weiß hoch vor 1945 (M_0074) Friedenskirche schwarz-weiß quer vor 1945 (M_0075) Friedenskirche nach 1944 (M_0076) Friedensstraße vor 1944 (M_0077) Friedhof-Crematorium Wollhausstraße 134(M_0078) Friedhofstraße (M_0080) Friedrich-Ebert bridge after 1945 (M_0079) Füsilierregiment (M_0081) Gaffenberg (M_0082) Zum Gaffenberg, Café(M_1003) Gartenbau-Ausstellung Harmonie, Harmoniegarten 1926 (M_0083) Gartenstraße (M_0084) Gasfabrik (M_1023) Gastwirtschaft Stadtmauer (M_0085) GemeinnützigeSiedlungsgenossenschaft vor 1945 (M_0086) Gesamtansichten (GA): GA aerial photos before 1945 (M_0087) GA color before 1945 (M_0088) GA black and white with bastion tower before 1945 (M_0089) GA col with bastion tower before 1945 (M_0090) GA black and white with Deutschordenskirche, Kilianskirche vor 1945 (M_0091) GA black and white with Friedenskirche vor 1945 (M_0092) GA colmit Götzenturm vor 1899 (M_0093) GA black and white with Götzenturm vor 1899 (M_0094) GA col with Götzenturm von 1899-1932 (M_0095) GA black and white with Götzenturm von 1899-1932 (M_0096) GAschwarz-weiß Götzenturm, Neckarbrücke 1899-1932 (M_0097) GA col with Götzenturm 1932-1944 (M_0098) GA black and white with Götzenturm 1932-1944 (M_0099) GA black and white Hafenmarktturm, Wartbergvor 1945 (M_0100) GA black and white Neckarbrücke, Kilianskirche vor 1945 (M_0101) GA black-white from east to west before 1945 (M_0102) GA black-white from Wartberg before 1945 (M_0103) GA col after 1945 (M_0104) GA black-white after 1945 (M_0105) GA col Aerial photographs after 1945 (M_0106) GA black-white Aerial photographs with Neckar after 1945 (M_0107) GAschwarz-white aerial photo without Neckar after 1945 (M_0108) Geognostische Triaspyramide im Hof der Dammschule vor 1945 (M_0109) Gesangverein Hoffnung vor 1945 (M_0110) Gewerbekasse vor 1945 (M_0111) Gewerbeschule Paulinenstraße nach 1945 (M_0112) Goethestraße (M_0113) Götzenturm col with construction 1899-1932 (M_0114) Götzenturm schwarz-white with superstructure transverse 1899-1932(M_0115) Götzenturm black-white with superstructure high 1899-1932 (M_0116) Götzenturm col without superstructure before 1945 (M_0117) Götzenturm black-white without superstructure transverse before 1945 (M_0118) Götzenturmschwarz-white without construction high before 1945 (M_0119) Götzenturm color after 1945 (M_0120) Götzenturm black-white after 1945 (M_0121) Götzenturm Götzenturmstraße before 1945 (M_0122) GroßeBahngasse vor 1944 (M_0123) Greeting cards (M_0124) Gustav-Adolf-Fest (M_0125) Gutbrod-Frauenklinik vor 1945 (M_0126) Zum Gutenberg, Gaststätte (M_1012) Haberkasten, Gaststätte(M_0127) Hafen - Kanalhafen vor 1945 (M_0128) Hafen - Kanalhafen color nach 1945 (M_0129) Hafen - Kanalhafen schwarz-weiß nach 1945 (M_0130) Hafen - Wilhelmskanal und Winterhafen vor1945 (M_0131) Hafenmarkt vor 1945 (M_0132) Hafenmarktturm vor 1945 (M_0133) Hafenmarktturm nach 1945 (M_0134) Hagen, Coffee house (M_0135) Harmonie vor 1945 (M_0136) Harmoniecolor nach 1945 (M_0137) Harmonie schwarz-weiß nach 1945 (M_0138) Hauptbahnhof color vor 1945 (M_0142) Hauptbahnhof schwarz-weiß vor 1945 (M_0143) Hauptbahnhof 1945-1957(M_0144) Hauptbahnhof color nach 1957 (M_0145) Hauptbahnhof schwarz-weiß nach 1957 (M_0146) Hauptzollamt, royalty (M_0147) Haus des Handwerks (M_1019) Hauswirtschaftliches Seminar vor1944 (M_0148) Hefenweiler(M_0344) Heilbronner Bühnenball (M_0149) Heilbronner Frühlingsfest vor 1944 (M_0150) Heilbronner Gewerbe-, industrial and art exhibition 1897(M_0151) Heilbronner Glücksorgel Gerhard Heinzel (M_0152) Heilbronner Herbst vor 1945 (M_0153) Heilbronner Madonna (M_0155) Heilbronner Stimme (M_0156) Hostel to the homeland(M_1007) Historisches Museum Kramstraße 10 vor 1945 (M_0157) Historisches Museum Kramstraße 1 nach 1945 (M_0158) Höhere Mädchenschule Gartenstraße (M_0159) Hohe Straße(M_0160) Weinstube Wilhelm Holl (M_1006) Horten-Department store Fleinerstraße (M_0161) Hospice Jugendheim Klarastraße 19 (M_0162) Innere Rosenbergstraße before 1945 (M_0163) Inselhotelcolor (M_0164) Inselhotel black and white after 1945 (M_0165) Jägerhaus color before 1945 (M_0166) Jägerhaus black and whitewhite before 1945 (M_0167) Jägerhaus color after 1945(M_0168) Jägerhaus black-white after 1945 (M_0169) Jägerhausstraße (M_1026) Restaurant Jakobsbrunnen after 1945 (M_0170) Jakobsgasse before 1945 (M_0171) Johannisgasse Photo before 1945 (M_0172) Johannisgasse Drawing before 1945 (M_0173) Youth Hostel Schirrmannstraße (M_0174) Youth Hostel Schützenstraße 16 (M_0175) Jugendkunstschule (M_1041) Jugendwehr(M_1013) Käferflug vor 1945 (M_0176) Käthchen vor 1945 (M_0177) Käthchen nach 1945 (M_0178) Käthchen mit Käthchenhaus color vor 1945 (M_0179) Käthchen mit Käthchenhausschwarz-white before 1945 (M_0180) Käthchen with town hall before 1945 (M_0181) Käthchen with town view before 1945 (M_0182) to Käthchen, Restaurant (M_0183) Käthchendenkmal / Käthchenbrunnennach 1945 (M_0184) Käthchenfestspiele 1929 (M_0185) Käthchenhaus and Kaiserstraße color vor 1945 (M_0186) Käthchenhaus hoch schwarz-weiß vor 1945 (M_0187) Käthchenhaus querschwarz-weiß vor 1945 (M_0188) Käthchenhaus nach 1945 (M_0189) Käthchenhochzeitszug (M_0190) zum Kaiser Friedrich, Gasthof (M_0191) Kaiser-Otto (M_0192) Kaiserhof(M_0193) Kaisersheimer Hof before 1945 (M_0194) Kaiser-Friedrich monument before 1945 (M_0195) Kaiser-Wilhelm monument (M_0196) Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz (M_0197) Kaiserstraße, lower, color,before 1945 (M_0198) Kaiserstraße, lower, black and white before 1945 (M_0199) Kaiserstraße, middle, before 1944 (M_0200) Kaiserstraße, middle, with Käthchenhaus, before 1944 (M_0201) Kaiserstraße, upper, from east to west, before 1944 (M_0202) Kaiserstrasse after 1945 (M_0203) Karlsgymnasium before 1945 (M_0204) Karlstor-Stop before 1945 (M_0205) Karlstrasse before 1945 (M_0206) Karmeliterstrasse before 1945 (M_0207) Katharinenstift, städt. Alten- und Pflegeheim (M_0208) Katholisches Vereinsheim Schöntalerhof(M_0209) Department store Merkur after 1945 (M_0210) Kegelclub Heilbronn (M_0211) Kilianshallen vor 1944 (M_0212) Kilianskirche, exterior views: Kilianskirche, exterior view before 1906, from northeast (M_0213) Kilianskirche, exterior view before 1906, from northwest color high with Robert Mayer monument (M_0214) Kilianskirche, exterior view before 1906, from northwest color high without Robert Mayer monument (M_0215) Kilianskirche, exterior view before 1906, from northwest color transverse (M_0216) Kilianskirche, exterior view before 1906, from northwest black and white high with Robert Mayer monument (M_0217) Kilianskirche, exterior view before 1906, from northwest black and white high without Robert Mayer monument (M_0218) Kilianskirche, exterior view before 1906, from northwest black and white transverse (M_0219) Kilianskirche, exterior view before 1906, from southwest (M_0220) Kilianskirche, exterior view 1906 to 1944, from northeast (M_0221) Kilianskirche, exterior view 1906 to 1944, from northwest color high with Robert Mayer monument (M_0222) Kilianskirche, Exterior view 1906 to 1944, from northwest color high without Robert-Mayer monument (M_0223) Kilianskirche,exterior view 1906 to 1944, from northwest color crosswise (M_0224) Kilianskirche, exterior view 1906 to 1944, from northwest black and white high with Robert-Mayer monument (M_0225) Kilianskirche,Exterior view 1906 to 1944, from northwest black and white high without Robert Mayer monument (M_0226) Kilianskirche, exterior view 1906 to 1944, from northwest black and white transverse (M_0227) Kilianskirche, exterior view 1906 to 1944, from east (M_0228) Kilianskirche, Exterior view 1906 to 1944, from southeast high (M_0229) Kilianskirche, exterior view 1906 to 1944, from southeast transverse (M_0230) Kilianskirche, exterior view 1906 to 1944, from southwest high (M_0231) Kilianskirche, exterior view 1906 to 1944, from southwest transverse (M_0232) Kilianskirche,Exterior view 1945 to 1953, destruction (M_0233) Kilianskirche, exterior view from 1954, from northwest high color (M_0234) Kilianskirche, exterior view from 1954, from northwest high black and white (M_0235) Kilianskirche, exterior view from 1954, from northwest transverse (M_0236) Kilianskirche, Exterior view from 1954, from southwest (M_0237) Kiliansturm, exterior view before 1945(M_0238) Kiliansturm, exterior view after 1945 (M_0239) Kiliansmännle (M_0240) Kilianskirche, portals (M_0241) Kilianskirche, bells (M_0242) Kilianskirche, interior views: Kilianskirche, window (M_1032) Kilianskirche, interior views before 1945 (M_0243) Kilianskirche, interior views after 1945 (M_0244) Kilianskirche, high altar general view (M_0245) Kilianskirche, high altar Predella (M_0246) Kilianskirche, high altar partial view: side wing (M_0247) Kilianskirche, high altar shrine (M_0248) Kilianskirche, high altar blast (M_0249) Kilianskirche, pulpit (M_0250) Kilianskirche, St. Kilian, figure (M_0251) Kilianskirche, organ gallery with organ (M_0252) Kilianskirche, Taufstein(M_1033) View from the Kilianskirche (M_0253) Kiliansplatz color vor 1945 (M_0254) Kiliansplatz schwarz-weiß vor 1945 (M_0255) Kiliansplatz nach 1945 (M_0256) Kinderfest vor1945 (M_0257) Kirchbrunnen vor 1945 (M_0258) Kirchbrunnen nach 1945 (M_0259) Kirchbrunnenstraße color vor 1945 (M_0260) Kirchbrunnenstraße vor 1945 (M_0260) Kirchbrunnenstraße color vor 1945 (M_0256) Kinderfest vor1945 (M_0257) Kirchbrunnen vor 1945 (M_0258) Kirchbrunnen nach 1945 (M_0259) Kirchbrunnenstraße vor 1945 (M_0260) Kirchbrunnenstraße color vor 1945 (M_258)white before 1945(M_0261) Kirchbrunnenstraße black-white drawing before 1945 (M_0262) Kirchbrunnenstraße after 1945 (M_0263) Kirchhöfle (M_0264) Klarastraße vor 1945 (M_0265) Kleine Bahngasse vor1945 (M_0266) Kleine Metzgergasse (M_0267) Klinik-Clowns (M_0268) Klostergasse vor 1945 (M_0269) Knorr, Company (M_0270) Kochschule Heilbronn (M_0271) Köpferbrunnen (M_0272) Köpfersee (M_0273) Kramstraße (M_1038) Hospital, municipal hospital, city of Heilbronn (M_0271), am Gesundbrunnen (M_0274) Hospital, municipal, Jägerhausstraße (M_0275) Hospital, municipal, municipal, M_0275 Paulinenstraße vor1945 (M_0276) Kreissparkasse Exhibitions (M_0277) War Memorial at Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz (M_0278) Hotel Kronprinz (M_0279) Künstlerbund (M_1018) Kulturwerkhaus Zigarrenfabrik(M_0280) Lachmann, Johann, exhibition (M_0281) Landauer, department store (M_0282) Landauer and Macholl (M_0283) Landesausstellung (M_1034) Landesgartenschau 1985(M_0284) Landesturnfest, Swabian (M_0285) Landstorm Battalion Heilbronn (M_0286) Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment (M_0287) Lazarett (M_0288) Lehrerseminar, color, vor 1945(M_0289) Lehrerseminar, sw, vor 1945 (M_0290) Zum Lerchenberg, Restaurant (M_0291) Lerchenstraße (M_0292) Lessingstraße (M_0293) Licht-Luft-Bad (M_0294) Liederkranzhaus (M_0295) Lohtorstraße (M_0296) Ludendorff-Kaserne (M_0297) Majoretten (M_0298) Maria von den Nesseln (M_0299) Marine- und Colonialausstellung (M_1037) Marineverein(M_0300) Marktplatz, color, before 1945 (M_0301) Marktplatz mit Kilianskirche, color, before 1945 (M_0302) Marktplatz und Käthchenhaus und Rathaus mit Markt, sw, before 1945 (M_0303) Marktplatz und Käthchenhaus und Rathaus ohne Markt, sw, before 1945 (M_0304) Marktplatz mit Kilianskirche, sw, before 1945 (M_0305) Marktplatz Ostseite mit Rathaus, sw, before 1945 (M_0306) MarktplatzWestside with town hall with market, b/w, before 1945 (M_0307) Marktplatz Westside with town hall without market, b/w, before 1945 (M_0308) Marktplatz Zeichnung, b/w, before 1945 (M_0309) Marktplatz, color, ab1953 (M_0310) Marktplatz, b/w, ab 1953 (M_0311) Martin-Luther-Kirche (evangelisch), Beethovenstraße 17 (M_0312) Mehrbildkarten (alter Betreff...) "(Collective Views): Multi-image maps before 1945: Multiimage cards, color, 2 motives, before 1945 (M_0440) Multiimage cards, color, 3 motives, before 1945 (M_0441) Multiimage cards, color, 4 motives, before 1945 (M_0442) Multiimage cards, color, 5 and more motives, before 1945 (M_0443) Multiimage cards, black and white, 2 motives, before 1945 (M_0444) Multiimage cards, black and white, 3 motifs, before 1945 (M_0445) multi-picture cards, black and white, 4 motifs, before 1945 (M_0446) multi-picture cards, black and white, 5 motifs, before 1945 (M_0447) multi-picture cards, black and white, 6 motifs, before 1945 (M_0448) multi-picture cards, black and white, 7 and more motifs, before 1945 (M_0449) multi-picture cards, after 1945: Multi-image cards, color, 2 motives, after 1945 (M_0450) Multi-image cards, color, 3 motives, after 1945 (M_0451) Multi-image cards, color, 4 motives, after 1945 (M_0452) Multi-image cards, color, 5 motives, after 1945 (M_0453) Multi-image cards, color, 6 motives, after 1945 (M_0454) Multi-image cards, color, 7 and more motives, after 1945 (M_0455) Multi-image cards, black-and-white, 2-3 motifs, after 1945 (M_0456) multi-picture cards, black-and-white, 4 motifs, after 1945 (M_0457) multi-picture cards, black-and-white, 5 motifs, after 1945 (M_0458) multi-picture cards, black-and-white, 6 motifs, after 1945 (M_0459) multi-picture cards, black-and-white, 7 and more motifs, after 1945 (M_0460) multi-picture cards with small box: Multiimage cards with kethchen, color, before 1945 (M_0461) Multiimage cards with kethchen, black and white, before 1945 (M_0462) Multiimage cards with kethchen, color, after 1945 (M_0463) Multiimage cards with kethchen,black and white, after 1945 (M_0464) military association (M_0313) Mönchseestraße (M_0314) Moltkekaserne, color (M_0315) Moltkekaserne, sw (M_0316) Moltkestraße (M_0317) CaféMorlock, Kaiserstraße 31 (M_0318) Mosergasse (M_0319) Music bands and clubs (M_1031) Nachtgewandt, series (M_1017) Nägelingasse (M_0320) Naturfreunde (M_0321) Neckarohne Schiffe, color, before 1945 (M_0322) Neckar without ships (M_0322), sw, before 1945 (M_0323) Neckar, drawings, before 1945 (M_0324) Neckar after 1945 (M_0325) Neckar, flood, before 1945 (M_0326) Neckar with ships, color, before 1945 (M_0327) Neckar with ships, sw, before 1945 (M_0328) Neckar with ships after 1945 (M_0329) Neckar frozen before 1945 (M_0330) Neckar bridge from north, color, before 1945 (M_0331) Neckar bridge from north, sw, before 1945 (M_0332) Neckar bridge from southeast, color, before 1945 (M_0333) Neckarbrücke from southeast, sw, before 1945 (M_0334) Neckarbrücke from southwest, with Bismarck monument, color, before 1945 (M_0335) Neckarbrücke from southwest, without Bismarck monument, color, before 1945 (M_0336) Neckar bridge from southwest with Bismarck monument, black, before 1945 (M_0337) Neckar bridge from southwest, without Bismarck monument, black, before 1905 (M_0338) Neckar bridge from southwest, without bismackdenkmal, black, 1905 to 1945(M_0339) Neckarbrücke from west, color, before 1945 (M_0340) Neckarbrücke from west, black, before 1945 (M_0341) Neckarecho (M_0342) Neckarhalde, urban. Outdoor swimming pool (M_0343) NeckarsulmerStraße (M_0345) Nicolaikirche, ev, Sülmerstraße 72 (M_0346) Nordbergstraße (M_1027) NSU (M_0347) Obere Neckarstraße, color, before 1945 (M_0348) Obere Neckarstraße, sw, before 1945 (M_0349) Obere Neckarstraße, after 1945 (M_0350) Olgastraße (M_1035) Olympic Exhibition (M_0351) Oststraße (M_0352) Paradiesgasse (M_0353) Passagencafé(M_0354) Paulinenstraße (M_0355) Pauluskirche, Methodist congregation (M_0356) Pfühlstraße (M_1024) Philatelist Association (M_1039) Pilsner-Bierstube (M_0370) Gasthof zur Post(M_0357) Postamt Allee (M_0358) Postamt Bahnhofstraße (M_0359) Postamt Kaiserstraße 2 (M_0360) Postkarten bis 1889 (M_1028) Postkarten 1890 bis 1899 (M_1029) Postkarten 1900bis 1945 (M_0361) Postkarten nach 1945 (M_0362) Postkartenserien: Leporellos (M_0363) postcard series: Pen drawings of H (M_0364) postcard series: Gauss-Verlag(M_1045) postcard series: Karl Schüler (M_0365) Postcard series: Published by C. Brenner-Schilling before 1945 (M_0366) Postcard series: P. Härle (M_0367) Postcard series:Gebrüder-Metz-Verlag vor 1945 (M_0368) Postcard series: Fritz-Seel-Verlag (M_0369) Postcards from Foto-Mangold (only outside Heilbronn and surroundings) (M_1021) Priesterwaldkaserne(M_0371) Rathaus, outside views before 1945: Town hall, outside views before 1945, photo b/w, portrait, from southeast (M_0373) Town hall, outside views before 1945, photo b/w, portrait, from southwest (M_0374) Town hall, outside views before 1945, photo b/w, landscape, frontal view, empty market place (M_0375) Town hall, outside views before 1945, Photo b/w, landscape, frontal view, withcars (M_0376) Rathaus, outside views before 1945, photo b/w, landscape, frontal view, with weekly market (M_0377) Rathaus, outside views before 1945, photo b/w, landscape, from southeast, until 1905(M_0378) Rathaus, outside views before 1945, Photo sw, landscape format, from southeast, 1905-1944, empty market place, with Robert-Mayer monument (M_0379) town hall, outside views before 1945, photo sw, landscape format, from southeast, 1905-1944, empty market place, without Robert-Mayer monument (M_0380) town hall, outside views before 1945, Photo sw, landscape format, from southeast, 1905-1944, with cars, with Robert Mayer monument (M_0381) Rathaus, exterior views before 1945, photo sw, landscape format, from southeast, 1905-1944, with cars, without Robert Mayer monument (M_0382) Rathaus, exterior views before 1945, photo sw, landscape format, from southeast, 1905-1944, with cars, with weekly market (M_0383) town hall, outside views before 1945, photo b/w, landscape format, from southwest, empty market place (M_0384) town hall, outside views before 1945, photo b/w, landscape format, from southwest, with cars (M_0385) town hall, outside views before 1945, Photo sw, landscape format, from southwest, with weekly market (M_0386) town hall, outside views before 1945, photo color, portrait format (M_0387) town hall, outside views before 1945, photo color, landscape format, frontal view (M_0388) town hall, outside views before 1945, photo color, landscape format, from southeast, empty market place (M_0389) town hall, exterior views before 1945, photo color, landscape format, from southeast, with cars (M_0390) town hall, exterior views before 1945, photo color, landscape format, from southeast, with weekly market (M_0391) town hall, exterior views before 1945, Photo color, landscape format, from southwest (M_0392) town hall, outside views before 1945, graphic sw(M_0393) town hall, outside views before 1945, graphic color, portrait format (M_0394) town hall, outside views before 1945, graphic color, landscape format (M_0395) town hall, outside views after 1945: Rathaus, exterior views, 1945-1952 (M_0396) Rathaus, exterior views from 1953, photo color, portrait format (M_0397) Rathaus, exterior views from 1953, photo color, landscape format, frontal view (M_0398) Rathaus, exterior views from 1953, photo color, landscape format, from southeast (M_0399) town hall, exterior views from 1953, photo color, landscape format, from southwest (M_0400) town hall, exterior views from 1953, photo b/w, portrait format (M_0401) town hall, exterior views from 1953, photo b/w, landscape format, frontal view (M_0402) town hall, Exterior views from 1953, photo b/w, landscape format, from southeast (M_0403) town hall, exterior views from 1953, photo b/w, landscape format, from southwest (M_0404) town hall, exterior views from 1953, graphics (M_0405) town hall facade, astronomical clock before1945, color (M_0406) Rathausfasade, Astronomische Uhr vor 1945, sw (M_0407) Rathausfasade, Astronomische Uhr, ab 1945 (M_0408) Rathausfasade, Details (M_0409) Rathausinnenhof(M_0410) Rathaus mit Weihnachtsbaum (M_1030) Rathaus, Innenansichten: Rathaus, Innenansichten, Bürgerausschusssaal (M_0411) Rathaus, Innenansichten, Diele und Treppenhaus (M_0412) Rathaus, Innenansichten, Großer Ratssaal(M_0413) Rathaus, Innenansichten, Kleiner Ratssaal (M_0414) Rathaus, Innenansichten, Trauraum (M_0415) Rathaus, Innenansichten, Trauraum antechamber (M_0416) Rathenauplatz(M_0417) Ratscafé (M_0418) Ratskeller before 1945, color (M_0419) Ratskeller before 1945, sw (M_0420) Ratskeller after 1945 (M_0421) Rauchsche Papierfabrik vor 1945 (M_0422) WeinstubeRechkemmer (M_0423) Reichsarbeitsdienst (M_1036) Company Reiner, Johann Ludwig, Cigars (M_0424) Rembold, lithographic institution (M_0425) Robert Mayer monument until 1939, market place (M_0426) Robert Mayer monument, avenue (M_0427) Robert Mayer monument, city garden (M_0428) Robert Mayer monument, Marktplatz ab 1990 (M_0429) Robert-Mayer-Gymnasium vor 1945 (formerly Realgymnasium/Oberrealschule) (M_0430) Robert-Mayer-Museum (M_0431) Rosenau-Brewery (M_0432) Rosenbergbrücke (M_0433) Rosenbergstraße (M_0434) Red Cross Heilbronn (M_0435) Hotel Royal (M_0436) Rudergesellschaft Schwaben (M_0437) Sängerfeste (M_0438) Salzstraße (M_1040) Salzwerk Heilbronn (M_0439)

Tradition: Donation by Mrs. Maria Fink from Ettlingen to the General State Archive Karlsruhe in 2014. Adaptation: The collection comprises 255 propaganda photographs from the years 1917 and 1918, probably from the Bild- und Filmamt (Bufa), which was founded by the Supreme Army Command at the beginning of 1917. The undated photos were arranged in chronological order according to the photo and serial numbers as well as the image content. The exact chronological classification is difficult because it is often unclear in which context the picture was created and exactly when it was presented to the public. The pictures were probably used in the context of a "newsreel" or a "documentary film" as a poster photo. For the use of the cinematograph see also picture no. 10. Content: The German military successes of the years 1917 and 1918 occupy special space: the breakthrough in Eastern Galicia, the 12th Battle of Isonzo, the peace negotiations in Brest-Litowsk and the spring offensive in 1918 in the West (Operation Michael). Also spectacular individual acts like the return of the auxiliary cruiser "Wolf" to Kiel in February 1918 are mentioned. A personnel focus is placed on reporting on the emperor as well as Hindenburg and Ludendorff. In addition to pictures of the economic efforts on the home front, ethnologically seeming depictions of the Balkans, Turkey, Ukraine and Georgia, but also of the lost German colonies, appear. There are also calls for the drawing of the 8th and 9th War Bonds. Grand Duke Friedrich II of Baden appears at the welcoming of exchange prisoners in Constance (no. 196), Prince Max of Baden on the occasion of his appointment as Reich Chancellor in October 1918 (no. 255).

Colony of German South-West Africa in the First World War: Bombs dropped by airplane burst in the English camp near Garub / Photographer: Scherl

Provisioning column from Windhoek in German South West Africa / Photographer: Scherl

fonds N 2, 1850-1978 (251VE) Foreword Biographical The grandfather of Richard Feiber was a medical officer in Castellaun in the Hunsrück region. Richard Adolf Robert Feiber, Protestant, was born on 27 May 1869 in Koblenz as the son of Captain Robert Feiber and his wife Helene, née Michael ( 1911). In May 1906 Feiber moved to Bergisch Gladbach, first into the Gasstraße and to 20.02.1909 finally into the Gronauerstraße 25 (today Hauptstraße 17) into the newly built house ("Feibersche Haus"). Richard Feiber married Martha Margaretha Viktoria Feiber, née Westphal (15.06.1875 in Bergisch Gladbach, 11.05.1946) on 26.09.1896. The following children emerged from the marriage: - Elsbeth (23.02.1901 in Wesel, 24.07.1942 in Lublin, engaged to medical soldier Gerhard Wolters) -Roland (11.01.1904 in Wesel, Dipl.-Ing., 21.01.1990 in Bergisch Gladbach), married Else Unruh. Children: Helga Roswitha (1939) and Turid (1942) -Gerda (04.08.1909 in Bergisch Gladbach, married Walther Armin Heinrich Gehnen from Porz on 26.11.1932, 12.05.1993) -Friedrich Robert Helmuth (*23.09.1897 in Bergisch Gladbach, died as a war volunteer as a result of wounding on 06.06.1915 in Sainghin/North of France) Feiber began his military career in 1879 as a cadet in Oranienstein and from1884 in Groß-Lichterfelde. In 1887 he joined the infantry regiment 57 Herzog Ferdinand von Braunschweig as a port midshipman and worked from 17.02.1894 to 18.12.1895 as an educator at the cadet school in Bensberg. From 1896-1899 Feiber attended the war academy and was promoted to captain in 1903. On 10.04.1906 he retired from service, but was reused in 1914-16. From April 1906 Feiber worked temporarily for the Köttgen Cie. company. Paul Köttgen was the brother-in-law of Richard Feiber. On 1 July 1906 Feiber became the company's authorised signatory. In Wesel Feiber was city commander for 19 years in military service as captain (since July 1903) and later as major. He belonged to the Infantry Regiment 57 Duke Ferdinand of Braunschweig (8th Westphalian). About this regiment, Feiber compiled a list of all the records on the basis of personal and historical data collected. In January 1915 Richard Feiber received the Iron Cross after having successfully participated as a captain in the Battle of Soissons. On 31 July 1916 Feiber was finally released from military service. In 1935 the "Ring of former Bensberger" was founded, an association of former Bensberger cadets. Feiber belonged to her and helped organize the regular cadet meetings. In 1947 he wrote an extensive documentation about the history of the Bensberg cadet house. For the "Ring of former Bensbergers", Feiber wrote honorary books with 671 names of former Bensbergers, which Feiber completed on April 20, 1944. The original intention was to create a memorial for the fallen of the First World War. However, this could not be achieved. Over time the project became a memorial for the Kadettenhaus Bensberg in the form of a book of honour. Initially, only the cadets at the Kadettenhaus in Bensberg and the fallen soldiers of the First World War from Bensberg were to be included. However, Feiber extended this requirement to the wars and colonial battles before the First World War. In addition to the cadets, he also included the officers and teachers who had worked at the cadet house in his line-up. As leader of the circle of friends of former cadets ("Ring former Bensberger") Feiber was significantly involved in the design of the cadet memorial room in the Bensberger castle. The room burned to the ground on March 2, 1942. Furthermore, from November 1918 Feiber was first deputy chairman, then until 1933 chairman of the Kreiskriegerverband Mülheim am Rhein, of which he was last honorary leader. In 1909/10 Feiber was chairman of the local group Bergisch Gladbach of the Allgemeiner Deutscher Sprachverein. In this function he was also a temporary member of the small subcommittee of the city's construction and finance commission for proposals for street names in the city of Bergisch Gladbach. From 1 April 1919 to 31 March 1925 Feiber was a member of the school committee of the higher educational institution. In the 1920s, Feiber was a member of the assessment commission in Bergisch Gladbach, whose task it was to assess the damage caused by the occupation. He was also a commercial judge from July 1920 to July 1923 and a labour judge from 1 June 1927. Until 1931 he was chairman of the Gewerbliche Vereinigung and until 1927 board member of the Arbeitgeberverband der Metallindustrie. Feiber in der Gesellschaft Erholung e.V. Bergisch Gladbach was also a member of the Executive Board. There he was chairman from 1914-1917. For the moved town councillor Wilhelm Pennartz Richard Feiber moved on 07.04.1925 as a substitute man in the town council. He belonged to the party "Wirtschaftliche Liste" (WL). At the election of the city council on 17.11.1929, Feiber entered the city parliament as a member of the Liberal Association Bergisch Gladbach (LV) (until 1933). After that, he wasn't a city councillor anymore. He joined the NSDAP in April 1933, but was expelled from the party in 1934. From 1933 Feiber was a local group leader of the local group of the Reichsluftschutzbund, founded on 5 August 1933 in the Bergisch Gladbach town hall. Feiber was involved in the Protestant parish of Bergisch Gladbach. Like his father-in-law Friedrich Westphal, he was churchmaster (from January 1933), but later resigned from this office. Richard Feiber passed away on 11.09.1948. The history of the collection and its holdings About Mrs. Herta Jux, née Meese, 8 archive cartons and 3 large folders were initially placed in the city archive at the beginning of 1990. Later, further documents were handed over. The documents handed over all originate from the so-called "Feiber¿sche Haus" ("German House") at Hauptstraße 17. Herta Jux, great-granddaughter of Friedrich Westphal about Elisabeth Köttgen, née Westphal and widely also related to Richard Feiber, wrote an essay about this house in the Rheinisch-Bergisches Kalender. Today the house is owned by the daughter of Prof. Dr. Ulrich and Herta Jux. In the above-mentioned transfers there were many letters from the families Feiber, Westphal and von Oven. The letters from Feiber's immediate family remained in N 2, whereas the letters and all other documents concerning the extensive Westphal family and von Oven respectively reached N 14, the estate of Friedrich Westphal. The newly formed estate N 10 Maria Grosch was the result of a further bundle of letters and documents that had long been kept in the city archives under the (unlisted) estate of Malotki of Trzebiatowski. During the First World War the celebrations wrote each other daily, sometimes several times a day. There was a lively exchange of letters between the married couple Richard and Margaretha Feiber and between Helmut Feiber and his parents Richard and Margaretha. Richard Feiber's letters are more about war from a personal point of view, whereas his war diaries give an impression of the everyday life of a military trainer. Military and military history is a thematic focus of the collection. Feiber has dealt intensively with the history of the infantry regiment Duke Ferdinand von Braunschweig (8th Westphalian) No. 57. He reworked the regimental history for this regiment and created a list of all regiments for this regiment. The preparatory work for this can be found in the inventory. Of local historical importance is Feiber's commitment to the furnishing of a cadet memorial room in the New Bensberg Palace in the 1940s. The list of members of the Kameradschaftliche Vereinigung Bergisch Gladbach may also be of local historical interest. Another focus of the collection is on files relating to the various administrative activities that Richard Feiber carried out on behalf of his family members. For the four tribes of the descendants of Friedrich Westphal, Feiber was responsible for the administration of the common hereditary property in Bergisch Gladbach. The extensive file on this subject sheds light on aspects of Bergisch Gladbach's city history, particularly with regard to the distribution of land, urban and development planning, the significance of the so-called Trasskaule and the effects of the global economic crisis on the value of inherited property. Last but not least, these files also provide information about family history. Richard Feiber continued with the matters that had not yet been concluded upon the death of Friedrich Westphal. This concerns above all the asset management for his mother-in-law Christiane Westphal, and thus in close connection, the regulation of matters concerning the Oven¿schen Stiftungsfonds. Feiber was predestined for these tasks due to his diligence and his comprehensive expertise. Beyond Bergisch Gladbach the documents of Feiber, which deal with family research, are of importance. Feiber has collected extensive information about the families Feiber, Westphal and von Oven. References The maps and plans from the estate of Feiber which exceed a certain size can be found in the map holdings under K 1/1422-1425 and K 1/1428. In the photo collection of the Gerhard Saffran collection belonging to R 5 there is the photo collection of Richard Feiber (signatures L 105/1-25). On the photos L 105/49, L 105/110-111 you can see Richard Feiber himself. Gerhard Saffran and Richard Feiber met when Feiber was busy building the cadet memorial room in Bensberg Castle. Saffran helped him get some remembrance material. In addition, the Saffran Collection also contains the honorary books I and II of the Royal Prussian Cadet House Bensberg, which Feiber wrote in neat handwriting (signatures R 5/26-27). These honorary books, which contain a compilation of biographical data and military careers of the former Bensberg cadets, are based on genealogical research on the cadets. There is a file with the signature R 5/28 about this. A document about the Kadettenhaus Bensberg by Richard Feiber can be found in the archive library under the signature WM 236 or in the collections of the archive under S 6/166. The list of members of the Kameradschaftliche Vereinigung Bergisch Gladbach (Comradeship Association Bergisch Gladbach) includes a sound cassette recording of conversations between the son Roland Feiber and the archive director Ellis Kreuwels (T 3/10). An oil painting in a wooden frame, which had originally been handed over with the estate documents, was handed over to the Villa Zanders Municipal Gallery. It is a painting by Carl Schön: The warship S.M.S. Iltis in front of the Takuforts during the defeat of the Südforts on 17.6.1900. It was a gift from Admiral von Lans to the Ring of former Bensbergers for the new cadet memorial room, presented on 12.4.1942. Richard Feiber continued the affairs perceived by him after the death of his father-in-law Friedrich Westphal. These include, for example, negotiations that have not yet been finally concluded, property matters and the administration of von Oven¿ family support funds. If in part of these files the basis or the majority of the documents were created by Friedrich Westphal, they were recorded at N 14. The following files in estate N 14 Friedrich Westphal were further processed by Richard Feiber: -N 14/114 Documents on the internal relationship of Friedrich Westphal as a partner in the Zanders company and as a negotiating partner in property matters -N 14/108 Administration of the Hausarmenfonds donated by Caroline von Oven née Moll, widow of Carl Engelbert von Oven, by Friedrich Westphal - N 14/109 Financial support for Margaretha Feiber née Westphal and her husband Richard Feiber by Friedrich Westphal Michael Krischak April 2009

Letters to Peter Schorn (1833-1913), director of the Kreuzgasse-Gymnasium in Cologne, and to his wife Maria née Niedieck (1842-1915) concerning thanksgiving, congratulations on the 80th birthday of P. Sch., Condolences on his death, award of the medal; Kommers 1905, decoration of the auditorium of the grammar school; letters from Clara Wegge, Maria König, Karl Auer, wing adjutant of the Sultan, Louis Lehman, Alexander Schnütgen, Karl Trimborn, Änni Wallraf, Konrad Adenauer, Cologne; letters from son Julius Schorn (1866-1953) to his parents; condolences on the death of his mother, anda. by Anna Pauli, Änni Wallraf, Clara Wegge, Maria von Böninghausen; congratulations on the silver wedding; letters from acquaintances, etc. Oskar Jäger, Carl Rademacher, Erwin Garvens; chronicle of family, time and political events (ca. 1870- 1953) concerning children and youth memories, cathedral construction festival 1880, expansion of Cologne, school and studies, Bismarck, Carl Peters, Wilhelm II. in the Rhineland, student life and fraternity, travelling, world and colonial politics, Count Zeppelin, technology and art, 1st World War, occupation, separatism, Ruhr struggle, inflation, world economic crisis, Hitler, Rhineland occupation, Hitler Youth, occupation of the Sudetenland, 2nd World War World War II, capitulation, denazification, Nuremberg Trials, currency reform, Berlin blockade, GDR, Golden Marriage of Julius Schorn and Elisabeth née Schellen (*1882); Memories of Peter Sch.Documentation on family and contemporary history: travels and stays abroad (1891-1900), correspondence on family history, expert opinions on racial research, Aryan descent of Josa-Maria Schaller, German student association Germania Lausanne; menu cards, invitations to the opening of the Rheinbahn Cologne-Mainz, wedding of Frh. Joseph von Geyr and Countess Sophie von Fürstenberg, Chief Reich Attorney Oscar Hamm, songs for the feast of the German Jurists' Day in the Zoological Garden, farewell party Julius Raschdorff, winter festival of the Architects' and Engineers' Association (1859-1912); Poems to celebrate the arrival of our victorious troops (1871), May Day 1896; programme of the Philharmonic Concert in the Volksgarten 1907; individual numbers of Cologne newspapers (1826-1832, 1848); extra pages of the Kölnische Zeitung on the war 1870-1871, on the death of Wilhelm II., Empress Augusta; Assignate of the French Republic (1790-1796); newspaper article on air sports and aviation, among others. Flight week in Cologne (1909), Schaufliegen in Cologne (1911), Deutscher Rundflug 1911 Etappe Köln, Deutsche Luftsport-Werbewoche (1928); Graf Zeppelin; newspaper article on technology (Mülheimer Brücke (1928), Dombau- Fest 1880, Kaiserbesuche in Cologne, Tornado 1898, First World War, Fibel zur Kriegserziehung; photographs, illustrations: 25th anniversary of the Abiturientia 1887 (1912), Deutscher Studentenverein Germania Lausanne; city and building views of Cologne.

• Photo * Publisher: Novelties distribution "Elektra", Paul Hoffmann

1st biographies: The GU 119 holdings essentially comprise documents from the estate of the Wiltrud Princess of Bavaria, Duchess of Urach. The collection also includes partial estates and fragments of estates of relatives of Princess Wiltrud, especially from the House of Bavaria (Wittelsbach). Specifically, these are the estate documents of the parents of Princess Wiltrud, King Ludwig III and Queen Marie Therese of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria-Este Princess Modena), Aunt Wiltrud, Princess Therese of Bavaria, and the grandparents of Wiltrud, Luitpold Prinzregent and Auguste Ferdinande Princess of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany). In the following, the biographies of the personalities represented in the GU 119 inventory, of whom there are partial estates, are briefly discussed. 1.1 Wiltrud Duchess of Urach (née Princess of Bavaria)Wiltrud Marie Alix Princess of Bavaria was born on 10 November 1884 in Munich as the tenth of thirteen children of Ludwig Prince of Bavaria, later Prince Regent and King Ludwig III of Bavaria, and Marie Therese Princess of Bavaria. Only a few documents on the childhood and youth of Princess Wiltrud can be found in the present inventory (subcategory 1.1.1), so that only little information can be given about this period. Accordingly, Princess Wiltrud and her siblings were taught by house teachers. The mother Princess Marie Therese also took care of the upbringing of the children and until Prince Ludwig took office she had hardly any representative duties to fulfil. Prince Ludwig's family lived mainly in Schloss Leutstetten near Lake Starnberg. A large estate belonged to Leutstetten Castle, which belonged to Prince Ludwig's private estate and which he developed into an agricultural model estate. When Prince Ludwig succeeded Prince Regent Luitpold after the death of his father Prince Regent Luitpold in 1912, his wife Princess Marie Therese and his daughter Princess Wiltrud also had to take on more and more representative tasks, about which the information in the present holdings in the category 1.During the First World War Princess Wiltrud supported her mother in her extensive charitable activities. Together with her mother, her sisters and their court ladies she packed gift packages (so-called "Liebesgaben") for the Bavarian soldiers, non-commissioned officers and officers at the front, in which ham, chocolate, canned goods and partly also laundry were packed (cf. subcategories 1.9.1 and 1.9.2). Friends of the royal family from Sárvár (Hungary), where Queen Marie Therese owned a large estate, and from Sulden (South Tyrol), where the royal family often went on mountain tours, also benefited from these gift packages. The recipients of these coveted "gifts of love" often thanked Princess Wiltrud with field letters, sometimes extensive reports on war events and photographs of the front and the occupied territories. These partly quite descriptive materials have been preserved in subcategories 1.9.2 and 1.9.3 of the present inventory. In addition, Princess Wiltrud and her mother visited hospitals and hospitals and gave comfort to the soldiers and officers of the Bavarian army who were lying there. Finally, Princess Wiltrud also worked temporarily in the "war sewing room" set up by her mother in the Nibelungensälen of the Munich Residenz, where 600 to 800 seamstresses and knitters worked. The "Kriegsnähstube" provided the Bavarian troops moving into the field with laundry quickly and unbureaucratically. When in November 1918 the social democratic politician Kurt Eisner proclaimed the republic in Munich, the royal family left Munich and initially withdrew to Schloss Wildenwart. The end of the monarchy in Bavaria was a decisive turning point for Princess Wiltrud and the other members of the House of Bavaria. Princess Wiltrud, like all representatives of the German princely houses, lost her privileges. Princess Wiltrud first lived at Wildenwart Castle until her marriage and on 25 November 1924 Wiltrud Princess of Bavaria married Wilhelm (II) Duke of Urach in Munich. On the following day the church wedding took place, also in Munich. The marriage remained childless. After her marriage, Duchess Wiltrud lived alternately at Schloss Lichtenstein and Palais Urach in Stuttgart. When her husband died in 1928, Duchess Wiltrud also took over the care of the youngest children of Wilhelm (II.) Duke of Urach from his marriage to Amalie Herzogin von Urach (née Duchess of Bavaria). In the 1930s, Duchess Wiltrud moved to the former royal hunting lodge in Oberstdorf, which she had inherited from her father's estate and which she had renovated especially for this purpose. At times Duchess Wiltrud also visited Schloss Lichtenstein and Schloss Wildenwart. Duchess Wiltrud showed an interest in music, fine arts, history and botany, which can be seen in the printed matter and materials preserved in this collection. In addition, she undertook several voyages, including a longer voyage by ship on the "Monte Rosa" in 1935 to Brazil, Senegal and Morocco. From 1901 to 1903 she travelled the Balkans with her mother and younger sisters. During this time she also made a boat trip on the Adriatic with her mother, her younger sisters and Karl Stephan Archduke of Austria, about which she also wrote a travel diary, which was published in excerpts in a magazine. A copy of this journal can be found in Bü 719. She also wrote articles about a trip to the Arlberg (Austria) in magazines (Bü 719). In addition, she frequently travelled to visit her stepchildren, her siblings and their families, and the other relatives, which is not least reflected in the extensive correspondence preserved in this collection. In addition to the aforementioned travel descriptions, Duchess Wiltrud also published poems in magazines and calendars under her name (Bü 842). Like many members of the House of Bavaria, Duchess Wiltrud was deeply religious and had received a strictly Catholic education. The Duchess also maintained close contact with Catholic clergy and nuns, as can be seen from her correspondence with them (especially Bü 249 and 250). Not least the memberships of Duchess Wiltrud in religious associations, brotherhoods and congregations, which are documented in Bü 731, and the multitude of religious publications and the collection of material in the sub-categories 1.11.1 and 1.18.3 bear witness to the religiousness of the Duchess.Wiltrud Princess of Bavaria died on 28 March 1975 in Oberstdorf. She was buried in the cemetery of Großengstingen near Reutlingen. 1.2 Therese Princess of BavariaTherese Charlotte Marianne Auguste Princess of Bavaria was born on 12 November 1850 as the third of four children and sole daughter of Luitpold Prince of Bavaria, later to become Prince Regent of Bavaria, and Auguste Ferdinande Princess of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany).Together with her brothers Ludwig, who was later to rule Bavaria as Prince Regent and King Ludwig III, Leopold and Arnulf, she was taught by her mother and not by house teachers, as was customary in princely houses at the time. As an adult, she spoke twelve languages. In addition to her talent for languages, the princess developed a keen interest in the natural sciences and the geography and culture of foreign countries at an early age. Since she was denied university studies as a woman, Princess Therese acquired her extensive scientific knowledge through self-study. The princess acquired considerable expertise in geography, ethnology, botany and zoology - especially ornithology (ornithology) - and Princess Therese began her extensive travels as a young woman. Together with her brother Prince Leopold and his wife Gisela Princess of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria) she travelled North Africa, Spain, Portugal and France. Princess Therese almost always travelled incognito, often under the name of a "Countess Elpen", and with a small entourage. In 1898 she undertook an expedition of several months to South America, from which she brought a rich collection of zoological, botanical and ethnological material, including over 200 species of fish. These collections were later bequeathed to the Zoologische Staatssammlung München and the Münchner Völkerkundemuseum. Unfortunately, the collections were almost completely destroyed during the Second World War. Princess Therese discovered on her travels also previously unknown animal species, such as the catfish in Colombia, a longhorn beetle in Ecuador and a singing chirp in Trinidad. On her travels to South America, she also explored several Indian tribes in the Amazon region that were unknown to date in European scientific circles. In 1893 Princess Therese travelled North America, where she was particularly interested in the Plains Indians. In addition to ethnological and zoological studies, the princess also conducted botanical studies on her travels. The plants discovered by her in the process found their way into botanical literature with the addition of the name "theresiae". Princess Therese published scientific treatises and travelogues about her numerous journeys: In 1880 the article "A trip to Tunis" about her trip to North Africa was published. The experiences of her trip to Russia were included in the treatise "Travel Impressions and Sketches from Russia", which was published in 1895. The impressions of Princess Therese's travels to Central and South America were processed in the publications "On Mexican Lakes", "My Trip to the Brazilian Tropics", "On the Purpose and Editions of My Trip to South America in 1898", "Writings on a Trip to South America", "On a Trip to the West Indies and South America", "Some Words on Cultural Development in Pre-Spanish Peru" and "Travel Studies from Western South America", published between 1895 and 1908. About the Pueblo Indians she wrote in 1902 the essay "Einiges über die Pueblo-Indianer". Princess Therese published her first essays on her travels under the pseudonym "Th of Bavaria" in order to prevent her a priori being denied recognition as a woman by male experts. In addition to these publications, Princess Therese also documented her travels with the help of the then newly invented roll-film camera, of which only the most important were given to Princess Therese in the course of her life: On December 9, 1897, the princess was the first woman to receive an honorary doctorate from the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Munich "for her excellent knowledge of the natural sciences, proven by excellent books" ("propter insignem rerum naturalium scientiam praeclaris libris comprobatam"). In 1892 she became an honorary member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and the Geographic Society in Munich. In 1897 Princess Therese became a corresponding member of the Geographic Society in Lisbon and in 1898 an honorary member of the Geographic Society in Vienna. In 1908 Princess Therese received the Austro-Hungarian Medal of Honor for Science and Art. One year later she was awarded the title of "Officier de l'Instruction publique" by the French Ministry of Education. At the same time, Princess Therese became an honorary member of the Société des Américanistes de Paris, and after the death of her father, Prince Regent Luitpold, the Princess gave up her long journeys and dedicated herself to charitable and social projects and institutions for which she took over the protectorate. At the beginning of the First World War, she set up a hospital for the wounded in her "Villa Amsee" in Lindau. Pictures of this military hospital are available in Bü 986 and 1166 of this collection. Princess Therese, who was abbess of the Damenstift St. Anna in Munich, remained unmarried throughout her life. According to the relevant specialist literature, the princess fell in love at a young age with her cousin Prince Otto, who later became Otto König von Bayern, but who suffered from a mental illness and was therefore out of the question for marriage. Still in later years Princess Therese was interested in the state of health of her cousin King Otto, as the correspondence with Philipp Freiherr von Redwitz and Georg Freiherr von Stengel, the court marshals of King Otto, which is preserved in this collection, proves about the state of health of the king (subcategory 2.1.1.2, Bü 1105, 1107 and 1149). Princess Therese died on 19 September 1925 in Munich. She was buried in the Theatinerkirche in Munich. Princess Therese is remembered in Bavaria today by the "Therese-von-Bayern-Stiftung", founded in 1997 to promote women in science. The foundation supports habilitations and scientific projects of young academics and regularly awards the "Therese-von-Bayern-Preis". In 1997 a television documentary entitled "Princess Therese of Bavaria - Researcher, Collector, World Traveler" about the Princess was produced. Furthermore, in the same year H. Bußmann and E. Neukum-Fichtner the publication ""Ich bleiben ein Wesen eigener Art" - Princess Therese of Bavaria. Ludwig III, King of Bavaria-Ludwig Prince of Bavaria, the later King Ludwig III, was born in Munich on 7 January 1845 as the son of Luitpold Prince of Bavaria, the later Prince Regent, and Auguste Ferdinande Princess of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany), who was educated by house teachers, including the clergyman Karl Rinecker. From 1864 to 1865, the Prince studied philosophy, history, law, economics and art history at the University of Munich, without however obtaining a degree in the individual subjects. In the war of 1866 Ludwig served as lieutenant and orderly officer of his father Prince Luitpold. As the son of a subsequent prince, Prince Ludwig initially had no prospect of the Bavarian royal crown, since it passed to King Ludwig II and King Otto, the sons of Ludwig's uncle King Maximilian II and thus cousins of Prince Ludwig. Instead, however, Ludwig was entitled to the Greek royal throne because Ludwig's uncle Otto had no descendants. However, when King Otto had to leave Greece in 1862 due to a military revolt, Ludwig lost his prospects for the Greek royal throne, and on 20 February 1868 Prince Louis of Bavaria Marie Therese married Archduchess of Austria-Este Princess of Modena in Vienna. Prince Ludwig showed great interest in agriculture, veterinary medicine and technology. In 1868 he became Honorary President of the Central Committee of the Agricultural Association of Bavaria. The Leutstetten estate on Lake Starnberg, which he acquired in 1875, was converted by Ludwig into a model agricultural estate, which earned him the nickname "Millibauer" among the population. Finally, Prince Ludwig supported the expansion of the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal and the Bavarian Canal Association. Prince Ludwig was politically active in the Catholic Conservative Patriotic Party, the later Centre Party, for which he ran unsuccessfully in the 1871 Reichstag elections. In addition, the Prince was a member of the Reich Council, where he stood up for Bavarian interests and emphasized the interests of the individual states vis-à-vis the Reich. In the Imperial Council, Prince Ludwig also spoke out in favour of direct relative majority voting, which earned him great praise from August Bebel. Bebel said that if in Germany the Emperor were elected by the people from one of the ruling princely houses, then Prince Ludwig would have the best prospects of becoming German Emperor. In the years after 1900 Ludwig also frequently performed representational duties for his father Prinzregent Luitpold. When Prince Regent Luitpold died in 1912, Prince Ludwig succeeded him as Prince Regent of Bavaria in December. Right at the beginning of Prince Ludwig's reign, there were discussions in Bavaria about the royal question. The Centre Party and the Bavarian Prime Minister Georg von Hertling spoke out in favour of transforming the regency into a royalty and thus in favour of deposing Otto, who was a minor due to mental illness. After hard political conflicts and a constitutional amendment, Otto König von Bayern was finally declared deposed, and Prince Regent Ludwig was able to ascend the Bavarian throne as King Ludwig III on 5 November 1913. During the First World War, Ludwig III was commander-in-chief of the Bavarian troops and from 1915 also Prussian Field Marshal, the latter function being limited exclusively to representative tasks. At the beginning of the war Ludwig hoped to be able to extend the Bavarian Palatinate by parts of Alsace. On November 2, 1918, Ludwig announced the establishment of a parliamentary system of government in Bavaria. However, Ludwig could no longer install a new state government with the participation of the majority Social Democrats (MSPD), as he had already been dismissed by the Social Democratic politician Kurt Eisner on November 7, 1918. From Wildenwart Castle he went to Anif Castle near Salzburg, where he issued a declaration on 13 November exempting the officials, officers and soldiers in Bavaria from the oath of allegiance. King Ludwig III continued to refuse to abdicate formally and to renounce his claims to the throne, living temporarily in Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Wildenwart Castle after the introduction of the republic in Bavaria. The king also stayed in Sárvár (Hungary), where he died on 18 October 1921. Ludwig III and his wife Marie Therese Queen of Bavaria, who had already died on February 3, 1919, found their final resting place in the Cathedral of Our Lady of Munich. The eulogy at the funeral ceremony on November 5, 1921, was given by Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber, Archbishop of Munich-Freising. A printed version of the speech can be found in Bü 839 of this collection; illustrations of the funeral are available in Bü 934 and 1170. Ludwig's heart was buried in the Chapel of Grace in Altötting, in accordance with the tradition of the Bavarian royal house (cf. the illustrations in Bü 1087). 1.4 Marie Therese Princess of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria-Este Princess of Modena)Marie (Maria) Therese Henriette Dorothea Archduchess of Austria-Este Princess of Modena was born on the 2nd of January in Modena. Born in July 1849 in Brno as the only child of Ferdinand Archduke of Austria-Este Prince of Modena and Elisabeth Archduchess of Austria-Este Princess of Modena (née Archduchess of Austria), her father died of typhoid fever in Brno on 15 December 1849, just a few months after Marie Therese's birth. Marie Therese's mother married Karl Ferdinand Archduke of Austria in 1854. This marriage produced six children, four of whom reached adulthood. In detail these are: Friedrich Erzherzog von Österreich Herzog von Teschen (1856-1936), Karl Stephan Erzherzog von Österreich (1860-1933), Imperial and Royal Admiral, Eugen Erzherzog von Österreich (1863-1954), High and German Master of the Teutonic Order and Imperial and Royal Field Marshal, and the daughter Maria Christina Erzherzogin von Österreich (1858-1929). The latter married Alfonso XII in 1879. Archduchess Marie Therese was descended from the House of Austria-Este, a line of the House of Austria that ruled the duchies of Modena and Guastalla in Upper Italy until their incorporation into the Kingdom of Italy in 1859. Marie Therese had inherited on her father's side the throne claims of the Stuarts to the English throne through the houses of Savoy and Orléans, which is why she was the legitimate queen of Scotland for the Stuart followers and legitimists as Mary III and the legitimate queen of England, France and Ireland as Mary IV. Of course Marie Therese's claims to the throne on the English, French, Scottish and Irish royal dignity were never claimed by her. Archduchess Marie Therese was educated strictly Catholic and received instruction from house teachers. At the funeral ceremonies for the late Mathilde Archduchess of Austria in 1867, she met Ludwig Prinz of Bavaria, with whom she immediately fell in love. The Archduchess succeeded in marrying Prince Ludwig against the resistance of her family and, above all, her uncle Franz V. Duke of Modena Archduke of Austria-Este. Marie Therese originally wanted to marry Ferdinand (IV), titular Grand Duke of Tuscany, Archduke of Austria-Tuscany, who was the son of Grand Duke Leopold II of Tuscany, who went into exile in 1859 and lived in exile in Austria and Bohemia. The wedding of Archduchess Marie Therese and Ludwig Prince of Bavaria took place on 20 February 1868 in Vienna. The marriage produced a total of thirteen children, ten of whom reached adulthood. Princess Marie Therese took care of the education of her children. Since she hardly had to fulfil any representation duties in the first years of her marriage, there was enough time for her to do so. Princess Marie Therese devoted herself to social charitable tasks. Since 1889 she headed the Bavarian Red Cross. In this function she also visited Henri Dunant, the founder of the Red Cross (see Bü 584). During the First World War she set up - as already mentioned - a so-called "war sewing room" in the Nibelungensälen of the Munich Residenz, which quickly and unbureaucratically provided the soldiers at the front with laundry. In Leutstetten she set up a so-called Alpinum, in which she almost completely assembled the alpine flora. Princess Marie Therese was also an enthusiastic hobby artist and Marie Therese Queen of Bavaria died at Wildenwart Castle on 3 February 1919. She was first buried in the castle chapel at Schloss Wildenwart. After the death of her husband, her remains were buried together with those of her husband on 5 November 1921 in the Cathedral of Our Lady in Munich. 1.5 Luitpold Prinzregent von BayernLuitpold Prinz von Bayern, the later Prinzregent von Bayern, was born in Würzburg on 12 March 1821 as the son of Ludwig Prinz von Bayern, the later King Ludwig I of Bavaria, and Therese Prinzessin von Bayern (née Prinzessin von Sachsen-Hildburghausen), the later Queen of Bavaria, who was taught by renowned personalities and tutors. The most notable are the theologian Georg von Oettl, who was a pupil of Johann Michael Sailer and later became Bishop of Eichstätt, the painter Domenico Quaglio, the natural philosopher Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert, the philosopher George Philipps and the national economist Friedrich Benedikt von Hermann. The prince had a military career since 1835. Already in 1848 he was promoted to lieutenant general. In 1856 he was appointed commander of the 1st division. From 1861 Luitpold was field witness for the army inspection. He took part in the 1866 war as commander of the 3rd division. In the years after 1866 he was entrusted with the reorganization of the Bavarian military on the model of Prussia. In the war of 1870/71 the prince was detached as a representative of Bavaria to the Great Headquarters. In 1876 Prince Luitpold was appointed Fieldmaster General in the rank of Field Marshal General. Politically Luitpold was in the years before 1866 on the side of the Greater Germans and for a rapprochement to Austria. 10 June 1886 took over Prince Luitpold first the regency for his nephew Ludwig II King of Bavaria, who had been declared mentally ill and unable to govern. After the death of King Ludwig, Luitpold took over the regency for his mentally ill nephew Otto König von Bayern, the brother of King Ludwig II. Although the population was initially reserved towards Luitpold, the Prince Regent soon won the affection of large parts of the Bavarian people. Prince Regent Luitpold ruled strictly constitutionally. Luitpold's reign was retrospectively glorified by his contemporaries as the "Prinzregenten period", which was characterized by economic upswing, an improvement in living conditions and, above all, cultural prosperity. The latter in particular is inseparably linked with the Prinzregenten period. Under Luitpolds regency, Munich developed into a cultural centre in Germany. "Luitpold Prinzregent von Bayern died on 12 December 1912 in Munich. He was buried in the Theatinerkirche in Munich. 1.6 Auguste Ferdinande Princess of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany)Auguste Ferdinande Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany was born on 1 April 1825 in Florence as the daughter of Leopold II. Grand Duke of Tuscany and Maria Anna Grand Duchess of Tuscany (née Princess of Saxony), she married Luitpold Prince of Bavaria on 15 April 1844 in Florence. The marriage produced the sons Ludwig, the later King Ludwig III, Leopold, later Field Marshal, and Arnulf, later Colonel General, and the explorer Princess Therese, the deeply religious Princess Auguste Ferdinande who, together with the house teachers, took care of the strict Catholic education of her children. Princess Auguste Ferdinande showed great interest in the arts - she had a talent for drawing - and in history. Princess Auguste Ferdinande died on 26 April 1864 in Munich. She was buried in the Theatinerkirche in Munich. 2. on the content, order and distortion of the holdings: As mentioned above, the GU 119 holdings include several partial estates of members of the House of Bavaria. By far the largest and most extensive partial legacy is that of the Wiltrud Duchess of Urach, née Princess of Bavaria (category 1). In the following, the contents of the estate of the Duchess Wiltrud will be discussed in more detail.2.1 Estate of Wiltrud Duchess von Urach (née Prinzessin von Bayern)The most extensive part of the estate of the Duchess Wiltrud in the inventory GU 119, apart from the photographs, is the correspondence of the Duchess Wiltrud (section 1.2). Within the correspondence, the letters of relatives of Wiltrud and her husband represent an important and large group. Section 1.2 begins with letters from members of the House of Bavaria (Wittelsbach) to Princess Wiltrud (sub-section 1.2.1). Above all, the letters of her parents Ludwig III King and Marie Therese Queen of Bavaria are to be mentioned here (subcategory 1.2.1.1.1). The correspondence with Wiltrud's siblings and their families must also be mentioned here: in detail, these are letters from Rupprecht Crown Prince of Bavaria, from the princes Karl, Franz and Wolfgang of Bavaria and from the princesses Adelgunde (verh. Princess of Hohenzollern), Maria (Duchess of Calabria, Princess of Bourbon-Sicily), Mathilde (Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha), Hildegard, Helmtrud and Gundelinde (Countess of Preysing-Lichtenegg-Moos) of Bavaria (subcategory 1.2.1.1.2). Letters from the spouses and children of the siblings can also be found in subcategory 1.2.1.1.2. In addition, letters from the other representatives of the royal line (subcategory 1.2.1.1.3) and the ducal line of the House of Bavaria (subcategory 1.2.1.2) as well as from the House of Leuchtenberg (subcategory 1.2.1.3), which is related to the House of Bavaria, can also be expected in the estate of Princess Wiltrud. Finally, subheading 1.2.1 also includes letters from members of the Bavarian court (subheading 1.2.1.4) and servants of the royal family in Bavaria and Sárvár (Hungary) (subheading 1.2.1.5). Among the letters from members of the court, the letters of Bertha Freiin von Wulffen, the educator and later court lady of Princess Wiltrud, are particularly noteworthy (Bü 440-447). The close relatives of Princess Wiltrud also include the members of the House of Austria (Habsburg), with whom Wiltrud's mother Marie Therese was Queen of Bavaria, who was a born Archduchess of Austria-Este Princess of Modena, and Wiltrud's grandmother Auguste Ferdinande Princess of Bavaria, who was a born Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany. Last but not least, the House of Bavaria with the House of Austria in the 19th century was also the marriage of the Elisabeth Duchess in Bavaria with Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria and the marriage of her daughter Gisela Archduchess of Austria with Leopold Prince of Bavaria as well as the marriage of the Adelgunde Princess of Bavaria with Franz V. Duke of Modena Archduke of Austria-Este related. The letters of representatives of the House of Austria can be found in subcategory 1.2.2 of this inventory. This includes letters from members of the Austria-Hungary line (subheadings 1.2.2.1 and 1.2.2.2), Austria-Este (Ducal Family of Modena) (subheading 1.2.2.3) and Austria-Tuscany (subheading 1.2.2.4) as well as from members of the Court of the House of Austria (subheading 1.2.2.5). In addition to two letters from the Zita Empress of Austria Queen of Hungary (née Princess of Bourbon-Parma) (Bü 368), the letters of the High and German Master Eugen Archduke of Austria (Bü 180), of the Imperial and Royal Colonel Karl Albrecht Archduke of Austria (Bü 400), of the Imperial and Royal Colonel Karl Albrecht Archduke of Austria (Bü 400), of the Imperial and Royal Colonel Eugen Archduke of Austria (Bü 180) and of the German and Royal Colonel Eugen Archduke of Austria (Bü 180) are also included. Field marshal Friedrich Archduke of Austria (Bü 390) and the aristocrat Archduchess of Austria-Este Duchess of Modena (née Princess of Bavaria) (Bü 346 and 347).) Duke of Urach can be found mainly in subcategory 1.2.3. In addition to letters from her brother-in-law Karl Fürst von Urach (subcategory 1.2.3.1), letters from the children of Duke Wilhelm (II.) from his marriage to Amalie Herzogin von Urach (née Duchess of Bavaria) (subcategory 1.2.3.2) can be expected in the estate of Princess Wiltrud. The letters of the spouses of the children and the grandchildren of Duke Wilhelm (II.) are also included in subheading 1.2.3.2. On the other hand, there are no letters from the husband Wilhelm (II.) Duke of Urach to his wife Wiltrud in this collection. Duchess Wiltrud also had an extensive correspondence with the Altieri, Enzenberg, Thun-Hohenstein, Vetter von der Lilie, Forni and Bayer von Ehrenberg families (subcategory 1.2.3.3), who were related to the House of Urach. The family relations with these families came about through the marriages of the Auguste Eugenie Countess of Württemberg (Countess of Enzenberg, Countess of Thun-Hohenstein) and Mathilde Princess of Urach Countess of Württemberg (Countess of Württemberg). Principessa Altieri), who were half-sisters of Duke Wilhelm (II.), as well as the marriage of the Marie Countess of Württemberg, who was a daughter of Wilhelm Duke of Württemberg and Wilhelmine Princess of Württemberg (née Freiin von Tunderfeld-Rhodis), with the Count of Taubenheim. Subheading 1.2.3.4 contains letters from Urach staff. The relatives of Duke Wilhelm (II.) also include the representatives of the House of Württemberg (subcategory 1.2.4), including Charlotte Queen of Württemberg (née Princess zu Schaumburg-Lippe) (subcategory 1.2.4.1), Albrecht Duke of Württemberg and Philipp Albrecht Duke of Württemberg (subcategory 1.2.4.2), Louis II Prince of Monaco (subcategory 1.2.5) and Elisabeth Princess of and to Liechtenstein (née Princess of Urach) and her husband Karl Prince of and to Liechtenstein (subcategory 1.2.6), from whom letters are available in each case. In addition to the members of the aforementioned princely houses, Princess Wiltrud also corresponded with the members of the other princely houses in Germany and Europe (subcategories 1.2.7 and 1.2.8). The most notable are Elisabeth Queen of Belgians (née Duchess of Bavaria) (Bü 122), the Grand Duchesses Maria Anna (née Infanta of Portugal) and Charlotte of Luxembourg (Bü 247 and 124), Maria Christina Queen of Spain (née Archduchess of Austria) (Bü 243) and Alfonso XIII King of Spain (Bü 504). Among the representatives of the German ruling or former ruling princely houses, Friedrich II Grand Duke of Baden (Bü 359), Max Prince of Saxony (Bü 366), Professor of the Catholic Liturgy and the Languages of the Christian East in Fribourg/Üechtland, and Hermione Princess of Prussia (widowed Princess of Schönaich-Carolath, née Princess Reuß) (Bü 106), the second wife of Emperor Wilhelm II, should be mentioned. A telegram is available from Emperor Wilhelm II, who was visited by Duchess Wiltrud in Haus Doorn/Netherlands (Bü 319). correspondence with the members of the princely houses is followed by letters from members of the nobility (Unterrubrik 1.2.9.1), the barons (Unterrubrik 1.2.9.2) and the nobility (Unterrubrik 1.2.9.3) in Germany and Austria. Letters from aristocrats can also be found in the correspondence series "aristocratic acquaintances from Bavaria" (subcategory 1.2.9.4) and "aristocratic and bourgeois acquaintances from Württemberg" (subcategory 1.2.11). The letters of aristocrats existing in the two correspondence series were explicitly left in the respective series and not classified in subcategories 1.2.9.1 to 1.2.9.3 in order to retain the formation made by Duchess Wiltrud.Among the letters of personalities of public life (subcategory 1.2.13) are especially in Bü 250 the letters of the clergy Michael von Faulhaber, archbishop of Munich-Freising, Giovanni Battista Montini, papal undersecretary of state and later Pope Paul VI, Carl Joseph Leiprecht, bishop of Rottenburg, Sigismund Felix Freiherr von Ow-Felldorf, bishop of Passau, and Prelate Konrad Kümmel (Bü 27), editor of the "Katholisches Sonntagsblatt". Correspondence by Johann Baptista Sproll, bishop of Rottenburg, can be found in Bü 38. Among the letters of writers, the letters of the writers Emmy Giehrl (née Aschenbrenner, pseudonym "Tante Emmy") (Bü 246) and Gertrud Freiin von Le Fort (Bü 68) are particularly noteworthy. Duchess Wiltrud also maintained personal contact with the latter, since Gertrud Freiin von Le Fort had also lived in Oberstdorf since 1939. almost all the correspondence in this collection is so-called unilateral correspondence, which means that only the incoming letters from the correspondence partners in GU 119 are to be expected. Only occasionally can one find letter concepts or drafts by Duchess Wiltrud among these partners, including those from letters that were not sent later. Only some of the letters of Princess Wiltrud to her parents Ludwig III Königin and Marie Therese Königin von Bayern as well as to her aunt Therese Prinzessin von Bayern are included in the inventory of GU 119 in the partial estates of King Ludwig III. (heading 3), Queen Marie Therese (heading 4) and Princess Therese (heading 2) (Bü 1098, 1099, 1101-1103 and 1112). The letters of the parents and the aunt Princess Therese to Princess Wiltrud, on the other hand, are listed in the sub-categories 1.2.1.1.1 and 1.2.1.1.2 in the estate of Princess Wiltrud (Bü 344, 345, 350 and 352-354). If one looks at the running time of Wiltrud's correspondence in the present collection, it is noticeable that, apart from a few exceptions, hardly any letters to Wiltrud are contained from the period after 1960. An interesting insight into the way of thinking of the German nobility in the second half of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century is provided by the extensive correspondence of Duchess Wiltrud kept in GU 119 (category 1).2) as well as the correspondence of the Therese Princess of Bavaria (section 2.1), the Ludwig III King of Bavaria (section 3.1), the Marie Therese Queen of Bavaria (section 4.1) and the Luitpold Prince Regent of Bavaria (section 5.2). In addition, the correspondence for prosopographical and biographical research, especially on the nobility in Germany and Austria, as well as on the history of individual German princely and noble houses, is of particular importance.Duchess Wiltrud's interest in the genealogy of the House of Grimaldi, the Princely Family of Monaco, is reflected in the extensive materials on the history of the House of Monaco and in the correspondence of the Duchess with Louis II, Prince of Monaco and the members of the houses Chabrillan and Lévis-Mirepoix (Bü 520 and 1244). Documents on court life, court society and protocol, especially at the Bavarian royal court, which give an insight into the court and the representative duties of the Prince Regent and later King Ludwig III of Bavaria and his family, can be found in Section 1.5. These include in particular the materials on Ludwig's official visits to Bavarian cities and on state visits, including those of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Bavaria. Individual documents also deal with the Württemberg royal court and the House of Urach. Here the memories of the Emilie von Sonntag of Florestine Herzogin von Urach (née Prinzessin von Monaco) (Bü 144) and of Wilhelm (I.) Herzog von Urach (Bü 356) are to be mentioned, for example. Documents on weddings, birthdays, funerals and other family celebrations and family events in the houses of Bavaria and Urach as well as in other princely houses are to be found in category 1.As already mentioned, the illustrations, photographs and photographs form the most extensive category (1.16) of the GU 119 collection in addition to correspondence. The largest subcategory are the illustrations of persons and group photographs (subcategory 1.16.1). This subheading contains pictures of Princess Wiltrud, her parents, her siblings and other members of the House of Bavaria (subheading 1.16.1.1) as well as members of the Houses of Austria (subheading 1.16.1.2), Hohenberg (subheading 1.16.1.2.2), Urach and Württemberg (subheading 1.16.1.3). There are also illustrations of representatives of the ruling or former ruling princely houses in Europe (subcategory 1.16.1.6) and in Germany (subcategory 1.16.1.7), of the other aristocrats in Germany, Austria and the rest of Europe (subcategories 1.16.1.8 and 1.16.1.9) and of citizens (subcategory 1.16.1.10) and of public figures (subcategory 1.16.1.11). The structure of the illustrations essentially follows the structure of the correspondence, with the illustrations of persons, the group shots and the shots of events, the persons depicted on the shots are usually listed in the Containment note. Often the information on the back of the photographs, most of which were taken by Duchess Wiltrud, was adopted. It was not possible to verify this information in view of the amount of work and time involved. In addition, the identification of persons on photographs which do not show any information on the reverse side often had to be omitted for the same reasons.subheading 1.16.2 includes illustrations of events. This subheading mainly includes recordings of official events, representation commitments (subheading 1.16.2.1) and family celebrations as well as family events (subheading 1.16.2.2). The illustrations of these sub-categories thus represent partial additions to the written documents on court life, court society, representation obligations of the House of Bavaria kept in sub-categories 1.5 and 1.7, as well as family celebrations and family events. 1.16 also includes illustrations of the Duchess Wiltrud's travels, places, buildings and landscapes, works of art, animals, ships, zeppelins, etc. The extensive picture collections listed in section 1.16 supplement the illustrations and picture collections kept in the GU 99 holdings (photo collections and albums of the Dukes and Princes of Urach Counts of Württemberg), some of which also come from the Duchess Wiltrud's possession or were created by her. The illustrations in the holdings GU 99 and GU 119, together with the materials on court life, on the representation obligations of the House of Bavaria and on family celebrations and family events in the houses of Bavaria, Austria and Urach kept in the aforementioned sections 1.5 and 1.7, represent an interesting source for the history of the houses mentioned. In addition, the above image holdings and the materials in sections 1.5 and 1.7 are of significance for the history of culture and mentality and the everyday history of the nobility.2 As already indicated, documents on Duchess Wiltrud are to be expected in the holdings of photo albums and collections of the Dukes and Princes of Urach Counts of Württemberg (holdings GU 99) as well as in the holdings GU 117 (Wilhelm (II.) Duke of Urach) and GU 120 (Karl Prince of Urach).2.2 Partial estate of Princess Therese of BavariaIn addition to documents from the estate of the Wiltrud Duchess of Urach (née Princess of Bavaria), GU 119 also contains partial estates and fragments of estates of other members of the House of Bavaria. The most extensive part of the collection is the one of the explorer Therese Princess of Bavaria (1850-1925), which is listed in category 2. These are documents from the estate of Princess Therese, which have been transferred to her niece Duchess Wiltrud. As can be seen from Bü 297, the materials kept in the inventory of GU 119 were handed over to Duchess Wiltrud by Oberarchivrat Franz Xaver Deybeck of the Bavarian Main State Archives in Munich, since they were out of the question for safekeeping in the Department of the Bavarian Main State Archives' Secret House Archives, in which the greater part of the written estate of Princess Therese is kept. Deybeck regarded some of the documents from the princess's estate as "wastepaper", only of "personal value and significance" and thus for the "Hausarchiv ohne Wert", as some of Deybeck's inscriptions on the corresponding envelopes reveal. The structure of the partial estate of Princess Therese is essentially based on the structure of the estate of Duchess Wiltrud. Subcategory 2.1 Correspondence mainly contains letters from relatives in Bavaria (subcategory 2.1.1), Austria, Austria-Este and Austria-Tuscany (subcategory 2.1.2). Among them are letters from Marie Therese Queen of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria-Este Princess of Modena) (Bü 1110, 1112, 1120-1122), Adelgunde Archduchess of Austria-Este Duchess of Modena (née Archduchess of Austria-Este Duchess of Modena) (née Archduchess of Austria-Este Princess of Modena). Princess of Bavaria) (Bü 1131), Elisabeth Archduchess of Austria (widowed Archduchess of Austria-Este) (Bü 1123 and 1124) as well as Eugen Archduke of Austria, High and German Master of the Teutonic Order and Field Marshal, Karl Stephan Archduke of Austria, Stephanie Crown Princess of Austria (née Princess of Belgium and later married Princess Lónyay of Nagy-Lónya) (all Bü 1135). Princess Therese also corresponded with members of the Houses of Württemberg and Urach. The queens Pauline, Olga (born Grand Duchess of Russia) and Charlotte (born Princess of Schaumburg-Lippe) of Württemberg (all Bü 1113), Florestine Duchess of Urach (born Princess of Württemberg), Wilhelm (II.) Duke of Urach and Eugenie Countess of Württemberg (all Bü 1114) as well as Auguste Eugenie Countess of Thun-Hohenstein (widowed Countess of Enzenberg) of Thun-Hohenstein (widowed Countess of Enzenberg) of Württemberg (all Bü 1113) are to be mentioned here. Countess of Württemberg) (Bü 1116) and Donna Mathilde Principessa Altieri (née Princess of Urach Countess of Württemberg) (Bü 1115). of the correspondents among the representatives of the other ruling and formerly ruling princely houses in Germany and Europe, Carola Queen of Saxony (née Princess of Saxony) (Bü 1116) and Donna Mathilde Principessa Altieri (née Princess of Urach Countess of Württemberg) (Bü 1115) are here. Princess Wasa) (Bü 1104), Maria Christina Queen of Spain (née Archduchess of Austria) (Bü 1125) as well as Elisabeth Queen of Belgium (née Duchess of Bavaria) and Josephine Queen of Sweden and Norway (née Princess of Leuchtenberg) (both Bü 1136).In addition, two letters of the writer, pacifist and Nobel Peace Prize winner Bertha Freifrau von Suttner (née Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau) (Bü 1152) are included in the partial estate of Princess Therese, the most extensive category after the correspondence in the partial estate of Therese Princess of Bavaria. Particularly worth mentioning are the illustrations of Therese Princess of Bavaria (subcategory 2.7.1.1) and of other members of the House of Bavaria (subcategory 2.7.1.2).2.3 Other partial estates and fragments of estates, especially of representatives of the House of BavariaRubric 3 unites documents from the estate of Ludwig III, King of Bavaria. It contains letters from the princesses Wiltrud and Hildegard to their father King Ludwig III. (Bü 1099, 1103 and 1237) and a notepad of Prince Ludwig, later King Ludwig III, with entries for his military service in 1863 (Bü 1092). In addition, the partial estate of Ludwig III contains telegrams from Johanna Freiin von Malsen to King Ludwig III and to "Countess Elpen" (incognito of Therese Princess of Bavaria), both of whom were in exile in Lucerne, about the illness and death of Marie Therese Queen of Bavaria in 1919 (Bü 1178). There are also ten audiance books of Prince Ludwig from the years 1902 to 1913 which contain information about the names of the persons received in audiences by Prince Ludwig and about the topics discussed in the audiences (Bü 1091). These audience booklets served Princess Wiltrud and her sisters as a reminder for conversations with the court lords, diplomats, ministers and generals. The audience booklets are an interesting source of information about court life at the Bavarian royal court. The partial estate of the Marie Therese Queen of Bavaria kept in category 4 contains only letters and postcards to the Queen. Among them are the letters of Princess Wiltrud (Bü 1098, 1101 and 1102) and Therese Princess of Bavaria (Bü 1126-1128). the documents from the partial estate of the Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria, which form category 5, include the correspondence of the Prince Regent with his sister Adelgunde Archduchess of Austria-Este Duchess of Modena (born Princess of Bavaria) (Bü 1155), the printed speech of Bishop Johann Michael Sailer on the occasion of the marriage of Prince Luitpold to Auguste Ferdinande Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany (Bü 1095) and poems of Prince Luitpold with dedications and a. to Olga Grand Duchess of Russia (proclaimed Queen of Württemberg), Marie Princess of Saxony-Altenburg (proclaimed Queen of Hanover) and Alexandra Princess of Saxony-Altenburg (proclaimed Queen of Saxony-Altenburg). The partial estate of Auguste Ferdinande Princess of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany) (rubric 6) contains, among other things, a letter from her father, Grand Duke Leopold II. from Tuscany (Bü 1194) to Auguste Ferdinande and letters from Auguste Ferdinand to her court lady Natalie Gräfin von Rotenhan (Bü 1148) the fragment of a diary in Italian (Bü 1188), copies of literary texts (subcategory 6.3) and printed matter of a religious nature (subcategory 6.5); Section 7 unites the estate splinters of Hildegard Princess of Bavaria (subcategory 7.1), Elisabeth Archduchess of Austria (widowed) and Elisabeth of the Holy Roman Empire (widowed). Archduchess of Austria-Este (subcategory 7.2), Mathilde Archduchess of Austria (subcategory 7.3), Therese Freifrau von Giese (subcategory 7.4) and Gustav Freiherr von Perfall (subcategory 7.5). Letters from the Therese Princess of Bavaria to Elisabeth Archduchess of Austria (widowed Archduchess of Austria-Este (Bü 1108), as well as letters from the Alexandra Princess of Bavaria and the Adelgunde Archduchess of Austria-Este Duchess of Modena (née. With the exception of Princess Wiltrud, the Department of Secret Archives of the Bavarian Main State Archives in Munich keeps the main estates of the members of the House of Bavaria represented in this collection. 2.4 The order and indexing of the holdingsThe holdings of GU 119, together with the Archives of the Dukes and Princes of Urach Grafen von Württemberg, were deposited in 1987 in the Main State Archives. There, the archives of the House of Urach form the GU series of inventories within the tectonics (inventory classification). During the reorganization of the archives by Wolfgang Schmierer, director of the archives, the documents of Wiltrud Herzogin von Urach were given the signature GU 119. Where it seemed appropriate, the units found were retained, for example in the correspondence series. In the course of the development work, numerous documents were separated from the GU 119 holdings and above all added to the GU 96 (Miscellaneous and Unclear), GU 117 (Wilhelm II.) Duke of Urach), GU 118 (Amalie Duchess of Urach née Duchess of Bavaria), GU 120 (Karl Prince of Urach), GU 123 (Carola Hilda Princess of Urach), GU 128 (Margarethe Princess of Urach) and GU 134 (Mechthilde Princess of Urach). As a rule, the married ladies listed in the present inventory, especially those of the high nobility, are always listed under the married name, i.e. the surname of the husband, whereby the maiden name is mentioned in brackets in the title entry. In exceptional cases the married ladies are also mentioned under the maiden name, and the married name is then in brackets. In the person index married ladies are listed under both names, with the addition of the respective girl's name or married name after the marriage. For example, Adelgunde Fürstin von Hohenzollern (née Prinzessin von Bayern) is mentioned in the person index under "Hohenzollern, Adelgunde Fürstin von, née Prinzessin von Bayern" and under "Bayern, Adelgunde Prinzessin von, verh. Fürstin von Hohenzollern". In the case of the married members of the count's, baronial and aristocratic houses, the maiden name or married name was determined - insofar as this was possible with justifiable effort and with the help of the Genealogical Manual of the nobility. If the maiden name or married name is already mentioned in a note of the Duchess Wiltrud, this was taken over without examination of the same on the basis of the relevant literature. Since there was no comparable possibility of research for bourgeois wives, only in those cases in which identification was possible on the basis of notes and inscriptions of Duchess Wiltrud, the respective maiden name or married surnames were taken over without checking the information of Duchess Wiltrud. The archives of the inventory of GU 119 may only be inspected with the prior permission of the chief of the House of Urach. The finding aid book of the inventory GU 119 was completed in winter 2007. Before packing, the stock comprises approx. 13 linear metres with 1247 numbers.Stuttgart, November 2007Eberhard Merk