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Tradition: The Großherzogliche Badische Baugewerkeschule was founded in 1878. Since 1919 it was called "Badisches Staatstechnikum" or "Badische Höhere Technische Lehranstalt (Staatstechnikum)" (1923), since 1946 "Staatstechnikum Karlsruhe", since 1963 "Staatliche Ingenieurschule Karlsruhe", since 1971 "Fachhochschule Karlsruhe - Hochschule für Technik"; in 2005 it was renamed "Hochschule Karlsruhe - Technik und Wirtschaft". In contrast to the architecture department of the Polytechnic University, the drawing examination papers of the students of construction trades were kept at the school. As far as the documents were not collected by the school administration - especially in the period after about 1970 - an extensive, largely coherent set of plans has been preserved. It was handed over to the General State Archives in 1999 together with a transfer list in Access format, and more recent work was added in 2004. In the archive, the entire holdings were signed, packaged and re-registered by the ladies Mohd, Hummel and Vogt, the list of consignments was edited and converted into 'scopeArchiv' in 2012. The variety of query options (by building type, drawing technique, etc.) was retained in 'scopeArchiv' in a field visible only to the archive staff and in the source file (Access).a few privately owned student works that came to the General State Archive with the Thomas Kellner Collection in 2006 were incorporated; the drawing portfolio of Franz Kühn for the years 1934 to 1937 is now available as a sample portfolio for all subjects at the end of the student works.Further student works, which were delivered together with files of the building department also in 2004 - among them e.g. building photographs of Black Forest farms of the excursion of 1937 -, are recorded in inventory GLA 592 Access 2004-69. Some building photographs of monuments from this convoy were probably inadvertently taken over into the general plan inventory GLA 424 K. Plans (blueprints) of the Karlsruhe City Planning Office for the redesign of the Market Square from 1974 were submitted to the City Archive. Content: The approximately 100-year-old tradition conveys the teaching methods of drawing and the architectural expectations of the time between historicism and modernism and is thus an outstanding source for the transformation of technology, architectural aesthetics and reception behaviour over the social ruptures of the 20th century. Probably the most valuable part, almost half of the total stock, is taken up by the plans from the subjects of construction survey and design; the names of the subjects changed in the process. The annual publications of the Baugewerkeschule, such as the "design of bourgeois residential buildings" by the construction students or the recording of "patriotic monuments" in the whole of Baden by the prospective trade teachers, show that the focus here was on the core of teaching at least until 1914; part of the semester and holiday work was thus published promptly in large-format volumes (cf. the incomplete series in the library of the General State Archives, Cw 8102ff, 1885-1914 and individual proof pages, together with pages from architecture and engineering textbooks, as an appendix in fonds 592 K). In the 1920s, industrial and functional buildings came to the fore. During National Socialism, the main focus of interest was on the design of housing estates, and in the cataloguing of architectural monuments almost exclusively farmhouses in the Black Forest and in Baden's Franconia region; these architectural photographs are of particular value as historical architectural sources (a photo in No. 1581 shows members of one of the 1937 field trips to take a picture of a farm). But also the registration of e.g. Karlsruhe city centre buildings, which were destroyed during and after the Second World War, or the systematic mapping of Überlingen town houses in 1935 are important and so far almost unknown architectural inventory achievements. In the post-war period, photographs of buildings appeared almost exclusively as part of general drawing lessons; interior designs were added in the 1960s. All in all, the student works provide a good insight into the "tempo" of style change and architectural convention, precisely because of their dependence on current teaching and building practice. Photographs of architectural monuments on Lake Constance by the Constance photographer German Wolf from the years around 1900 form a separate group. They are testimonies to early monuments inventory, in the context of the building photographs perhaps as a model or as material for teaching. In contrast, photographs of plans whose originals were missing - mostly montages on large cardboard boxes from the 1960/1970s - remained in the main inventory. Drawing templates and other foreign materials were summarised, plans such as photos, which had gotten between the pupils' work as teaching aids; they can now be found at the end of the collection, as far as they could not be collected as duplicates. Access database: The database of the University of Applied Sciences will continue to be maintained as it allows further access to the stock due to its sorting possibilities, but does not have the same text status as the available finding aids data. Special mention should be made of the sorting according to "object groups":Sacral buildings (1)Public buildings (2)Residential buildings (3)Agricultural buildings (4)Others (5).The encryption "Type of execution" can also be used for exhibition preparations: Technical - black-and-white1Technical - colored2Artistic - black-and-white3Artistic - colored4. For the archive personnel, text parts can be queried in the data field "internal archive remarks", so that a selection according to these criteria is also possible in 'scopArchive'. Examples are "Item group: 1 (sacral buildings)" and "Type of construction: 1 (technical, black and white)". Literature: Wolfram Förster, 125 years Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, 1878-2003, Volume 1, Historical Development (Ingenium 4), Karlsruhe 2003

1. the history of the collection: The term "wall attacks" for the posters kept in this inventory is contemporary. It refers to the simple mounting: not like advertising posters on splendid advertising pillars, but on simple wall walls they were fastened visibly for everyone. The war situation requires simple use. Wall attacks were often used in the occupied territories. But even in the home country there was little room for such posters. The poor equipment of these posters is a consequence of this situation. The war situation allowed only simple, often newspaper-thin paper. As a rule, there was no graphic design, but the text poster predominates, on which at most the title (often the word "Bekanntmachung") is highlighted in large letters. Sometimes the paper is dyed with a signal colour, which can perhaps be interpreted as a preliminary stage of a graphic design. A more elaborate design for political posters only emerged during the First World War (Ursula Zeller. The Early Period of the Political Image Poster in Germany (1848-1918), Stuttgart 1987, especially Chapter 7). The advertising posters contained in this collection for the subscription of war loans offer charming examples of this. Such graphically designed and aesthetically "beautiful" posters, however, only make up a vanishing part of the collection of wall attacks. After all, it contains pieces by artists such as Hanns Anker, Lucian Bernhard, Alexander U. Cay, Fritz Erler, Louis Oppenheim and Egon Tschirch. However, most of the pieces kept in this collection are not such posters, but pure text posters without a graphic or even pictorial design. The collection of wall attacks was established in the army archive, Stuttgart branch, in the 1920s and continued for decades. Little is known about the motifs, the conception of the collection and the practical collecting activity from this period. A general interest in wall attacks can be established early on: some wall attacks were already reprinted in reduced size in brochures during the war (such booklets can be found in the HSTAS collection of publications) and even sold in the front area (cf. J 151 No. 1240). From the available material it can be concluded that the employees of the Army Archives in principle included every piece in their collection that they could get hold of. In comparison to today's collection concepts, a broad collection was intended. It was by no means restricted to German or even southwest German wall attacks. However, the existing collection sources were not always able to meet the high demands: often gaps remained which could only be taken into account with a few pieces or not at all. A lot can be said about the collection sources. It can be assumed that some of the wall stops were taken from files, which can be seen today in the perforations at the edges of the former multiple-folded piece. Other pieces contain official notes on the poster on the back or at the bottom. By the way, the group that carries a stamp "Landsturm Infanterie Bataillon Calw" or Leonberg is comparatively large. The fact that a third (523) of the 1622 Wall attacks of the western front came from the stage commandantur Roubaix can only be explained by the fact that a Württemberg regiment was stationed there, apparently like the two Landsturm infantry battalions mentioned a source for the collection of the army archive. Other stage commandantures for which such a connection was missing are accordingly sporadically considered. Stamps show that pieces were also taken from related institutions (in exchange?): namely from the Königlich Württembergischen Armeemuseum and from the Deutsche Bücherei Leipzig. A larger group of pieces has been extracted from the pamphlet collection of the Army Archives (now part of the Main State Archives J 150) and integrated into the collection of wall attacks. Over a certain period, the two collections held in the Army Archives overlapped. In addition - but to a lesser extent - wall stops were taken from Luck's collection and from estates (Hahn's estate, later also Haußmann's estate) and added to the collection. Some accesses from the Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg might be relatively young. The collection of wall attacks was added to the collection of the Main State Archives before 1974 from the holdings of the Army Archives. It was given the signature J 151. The background to the abolition of the quite sensible delimitation of the holdings between the collections of the Military Archives and the J holdings of the Main State Archives can no longer be discerned. Even before this relocation, the collection of wall attacks was arranged by the student Markus Braun in the army archive in 1954 and provisionally indexed by a twelve-page find book. The collection continued to receive further additions, especially from estates. The comprehensive conception of the collection failed in practice due to the limitations of the collection sources. Not all areas could be documented equally intensively. The collection covers the period from 1914 to 1948, including the post-war period of the Second World War. In quantitative terms, the focus is clearly on the First World War (2582 wall attacks totalling approx. 2700) and here again on wall attacks from the western front (1622 vs. 599 from the eastern front). These are mainly wall attacks by the (German) occupying power, to a lesser extent also those of Austrian provenance. Only a few wall attacks were made by the opponents (France and Russia) at that time. Another group are the pieces used in Germany (on the "home front") themselves. As provenances (publishers of the Wall attacks) both civilian (Generalgouvernement Belgium, French mayor's offices) and military authorities (army high commandos, stage inspections and commandant's offices) are represented, often combined with each other (at the level of stage commandant's offices and mayor's offices). In terms of content, these are often ordinances and communications from the crew to the local population. The wall attacks serve, for example, to announce war economic measures such as setting maximum prices, recording stocks that can be used for military purposes, announcing the punishment of locals or to incite desired behaviour among the population of the occupied area, such as observance of curfews, blackout measures or a ban on meetings. An interesting group are the wall attacks with "information" about the war situation, with which the resistance should be broken or at least discouraged. In the homeland, wall attacks served to call for recruits, to call for donations and to propaganda against the hostile powers, but also to strengthen national self-confidence, to advertise cultural events and to announce war economic measures. 2. processing of the stock: The merit of the work of the student Markus Braun of 1954 lay more in the order of the extensive collection than in its indexing. Braun limited the indexing to a group entry, for which the scheme "Regulations and notices: Etappenkommandantur XY, year, number of pieces" is typical. Wall attacks of the same kind were united to form a group and this group was described as generally as possible in the manner indicated. For reasons of time, it was probably not the intention to go into the contents of the individual pieces, which Braun, however, signed individually. Already the supplements to the finding aid book by later supplements tend in contrast to an individual indexing, thus to a description of each individual piece. Such a thorough indexing is finally standard for the poster collections begun in the 1970s in the Main State Archives (J 153, J 154 and J 154/5), which, unlike the Wall attacks, have no historical relevance. With the exception of minor changes, however, the order of the brown wall stops could essentially be maintained. The structure of his find book is therefore almost identical to that of the present one. Also, the old Braun signature runs in principle parallel with the present Numerus currens (which determines the place of storage). But since Braun started the counting with 1 again with each new larger group, a concordance of the signatures is attached to the find book. The individual development was therefore the aim of the reworking begun in October 1989. At the same time, it served to introduce the aspirants trained in the Main State Archives to the cataloguing of posters as an example for the work on collections. On the occasion of the reworking, better packaging was also provided. The wall stops were repackaged in acid-free DIN A 1 envelopes, also in order to avoid as far as possible the folds (especially cross folds) harmful to the very thin paper. Smaller cracks were also repaired. The new indexing was based on the MIDEPLAK (EDP) mask developed in cooperation with LAD in the summer of 1989 and a data sheet designed for this purpose. This data entry mask, which can be used under the MIDOSA program package, should not only be usable for wall stops, but should also be able to be used for IT data entry for all types of posters (advertising posters and political posters). The description of the wall stops is arranged according to the following scheme in the finding aid book: The order number in the upper left corner is only relevant for the order of the description and references from the index. For storage in the magazine and also for ordering the pieces, only the order number is used, which can be found at the end of the description of the individual unit. The title of the poster is treated as a quotation and is therefore enclosed in quotation marks. If necessary, additions are added for identification. Most of the titles are "regulation", "notice" and the like, and the editor then had to further specify the content in his own words. Several titles on a wall attack are quite conceivable. The title is reproduced in the original language, only in Slavic languages it is translated or transcribed. The runtime usually specifies the print or publication date. In the next line, the reason for the occurrence of the wall stop - as far as known - is given, but this is comparatively seldom the case with the wall stops. This is followed by information about the publisher, graphics, print, persons responsible in terms of press law, etc. The formal information includes the format of the poster and the number of pieces stored. The description of the visual representation takes place in a separate block. Since the stock at hand is mainly made up of text posters, an actual image description is omitted in over 90 percent of cases. In the case of pure text posters, a reference is made here to special features in the design (multiple columns, highlighting, colouring) or to the languages used (in extreme cases up to seven different ones). At the time of the creation of graphically designed political posters, such things can already be seen as elements of a graphic design. Before the final order signature, the provenances (here in the sense of collection sources) and the preliminary signatures must be indicated. Within the same category, the wall stops are usually arranged chronologically. Pieces that cannot be dated or only dated to the year appear at the end. As a rule, the date of a prescription is decisive for dating. In the case of wall attacks with ordinances of different dates, the last date closer to the publication date is decisive for the chronological classification. In the case of local meetings, the order is alphabetical. A folder with various French food ration cards from the Second World War was taken from the collection and incorporated into the relevant collection J 524, which has since been opened. The collection of wall attacks contains around 2,700 copies without counting the duplicates. The reworking of the wall attacks took place from autumn 1989 to summer 1993 under the direction of the undersigned within the framework of the introductory and intermediate practical courses of the candidates of the 26th, 27th, 28th and 30th training courses. The cooperating candidates were: Hartmut Obst, Andrea Rösler, Petra Schad, Jutta Stockhammer and Martina Wagner from 26., Bettina Heiß, Sybille Kraiss, Barbara Löslein, Jörg Martin, Armin Roether, Daniel Stihler, Martin Walter and Regina Witzmann from 27.Andrea Binz, Armin Braun, Daniela Deckwart, Astrid Groh, Katja Hoffmann and Nicole Röck from the 28th and Michael Bing, Dorothea Kiwitt, Michael Konrad, Manuela Nordmeyer, Annelie Jägersküpper and Christian Schlafner from the 30th training course. Neuenstein, September 1996Dr. Peter Schiffer In the spring of 1998, approximately 370 wall attacks from the time of the First World War, which were presumably delivered there in the 1950s, were transferred from the Heilbronn City Archives to the Main State Archives. The largest part of the collection is made up of wall attacks of the Roubaix stage commandant, the smaller part of those of the VI Army Command and stage inspections 2, 4, 5 and 6 and other editors. With the exception of the pieces kept in the Supplement to fonds J 151 under serial number 2717-2734, these are almost exclusively duplicates or other multiple copies of wall attacks that already exist in fonds J 151. In detail, the following status numbers have been increased by this delivery: 5, 16, 770-773, 775, 778, 780, 783, 788, 794, 872, 874, 875, 877, 879, 881, 883, 885, 887-893, 895-897, 909, 911, 913, 978-1306 (without serial numbers 980-984, 987-990, 993-998, 1001, 1003, 1004, 1006, 1009-1012, 1014, 1022, 1025, 1030, 1031, 1033, 1035, 1036, 1040, 1047, 1050, 1051, 1053, 1057, 1058, 1062-1070, 1075, 1076, 1078-1080, 1092, 1110, 1112, 1114, 1120, 1127, 1130, 1131, 1136, 1138, 1141, 1145, 1155, 1164, 1165, 1167, 1171, 1173, 1174, 1178, 1180, 1183, 1190-1193, 1196, 1203, 1207, 1209, 1213, 1216, 1218-1220, 1222, 1236, 1238, 1240, 1244, 1249, 1250, 1255-1258, 1267, 1272, 1300), 1336, 1477, 1479, 1480, 1602, 2312. May 1998 Eberhard Merk In 2002 Eberhard Merk revised and corrected the title listings and the overall index. In the summer of 2003, Wolf-Dieter Dorn's file of the distortion of the wall attacks, which was only available as a Word document, was converted into an Access database from which the online version of the finding aid book could be generated. The duplicated index with detailed index is still based on the Word document. September 2003 Regina Keyler

Bequests reveal facets of personalities that would otherwise not be passed on: Correspondence, association activities, speeches, lectures and publications, but also testimonies and personal documents. Among the 20 or so larger estates in the Kiel City Archives, documents from City Planning Councillor Herbert Jensen, Minister President Bruno Diekmann, DGB District Chairman Bruno Verdiek and the Schweffel family are particularly noteworthy.

Das Stadtarchiv verwaltet das Archivgut der Stadtverwaltung Göttingen und der eingemeindeten Ortschaften. Zu den Archivbeständen gehören ca. 4.500 lfdm Urkunden, Briefe, Amtsbücher und Akten vom 13. Jahrhundert an bis in die Gegenwart. Das Stadtarchiv besitzt auch eine fast vollständige Reihe aller Göttinger Zeitungen sowie bedeutende Sammlungen von studentischen Stammbüchern des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts, Autographen, Plakaten und Karten/Plänen. Außerdem gehören zu den Beständen des Stadtarchivs Deposita, Nachlässe und Sammlungen, die von Göttinger Personen, Firmen oder Vereinen stammen. Ergänzt werden die Archivbestände durch die Archivbibliothek, die wohl die umfangreichste Sammlung zur Stadtgeschichte darstellt.

Introduction 1st history of ownership The Detmold stock L 51 Foreign ownership of Lippe is divided into several local subgroups. The connection of these places consists in the fact that they contain different lippic rights (possessions, claims, pledges and bailiwicks) outside the closed territory. On the one hand it is a zone not far from the actual dominion area in the north or north-west (Enger, Bünde, Quernheim and Dünner Mark as well as Ulenburg), on the other hand it is also more distant areas such as the Beyenburg an der Wupper office, the sovereign dominion of Vianen south of Utrecht and the Freckenhorst monastery near Münster. In terms of time, however, the files on the individual groups are far apart, as they contain events from the 15th to the end of the 18th century (apart from copies of older documents supposedly dating back to 1031). Beyenburg was part of the duchy of Jülich-Kleve-Berg, but had served as the widow's seat of Countess Maria von Waldeck, who died in 1593. After this, negotiations and the actual takeover as a pledge by Count Simon VI zur Lippe took place, whereupon the administration by his officials (from 1597), which lasted for a decade, and the quite soon redemption by Jülich (1607) took place. The Lippe administration consisted of three persons, the rent master Wilhelm von Pylsum, who was taken over by Jülich and replaced by Hermann Kirchmann in 1602, another bailiff and the forester. The affairs of the office are reflected above all in the correspondence of the rent master and the bailiff with the count to the Lippe. In addition, account books and lists of receipts and expenditures have been preserved, and the two changes of government each led to an inventory of the rights and goods held there. The fact that the dismissed rent master of Pylsum and Count Simon VI also had a dispute over the years with Lippe has also found its expression in the records. In the village of Bünde, the Lippe rights consisted mainly of market duties, which are documented for some years (1551-1560) as well as external interventions against these rights. The office of Enger had been pledged to Bishop Wilhelm von Paderborn by the noblemen of Lippe in 1409. In the 16th century, the counts of zur Lippe repeatedly attempted to trigger the pledge at the Dukes of Jülich, to whom Enger had meanwhile come. Special activities developed in this respect under Count Simon VI in the years since 1576. The recovery did not succeed because there were disagreements about the exact scope of the pledged office. However, due to the establishment of a commission to delimit and record the Lippic rights there, protocols were drawn up containing an inventory of Enger around 1578. The files of the Quernheim monastery refer to the women's abbey there, the bailiwick of which the Counts of Lippe had held since the 13th century. In the 16th century, the abbesses there made frequent use of them, for example to protect their own people against attacks by representatives of the Minden monastery, but also against the town of Lübbecke and the Counts of Diepholz, and also to safeguard their claims for logging and pig fattening and for possessions and disagreements in the convent. In the end, the monastery became dependent on Minden after the departure of some sisters, against which even a joint action of the Counts of Lippe and the monastery of Osnabrück before the Imperial Chamber Court could not do anything. However, in the 18th century, the Counts of Lippe still had the bailiwick of Osnabrück as a lord over them. The Ulenburg collection is particularly extensive. The Lippe feudal sovereignty over this castle was established in 1470 and resulted from a successful feud between Lippe and the city of Herford against the Lords of Quernheim. Already the period before the later direct exercise of Lippe's power is well documented, because apparently the written estate of the last owner Hilmar von Quernheim was taken over. Hilmar, a Danish colonel in the service of Denmark and a drost of various masters, was involved in numerous legal disputes, such as a dispute with his cousin Jasper von Quernheim over Haus Beck, a property that often appears in the Ulenburg files. Hilmar's conflict over the sovereign rights claimed by the Minden monastery, in which his liege lord Simon VI soon supported him to the Lippe, and which continued after Hilmar's death ( 1581), had more consequences. Now the Ulenburg was claimed as a fief fallen home by Simon VI and after a long dispute with Minden it was finally claimed. When Minden handed the Ulenburg over to Lippe at the end of 1593 after an imperial penal mandate, the conflict was not over, as the condition of the castle was not satisfactory for Count Simon VI. In a continuation process (until 1607) numerous witnesses were questioned by an imperial commission and extensive lists of the income of the Ulenburg were drawn up. Although the Ulenburg reached the von Wrede family via Philipp zur Lippe-Alverdissen as early as the beginning of the 17th century, after their bankruptcy Lippe once again briefly took over the dominion there (around 1708 to 1711). Apparently the documents inventoried at that time were kept and then brought to the archive in Brake. Among them are also the files and numerous books of accounts from the end of the 16th century up to the time of von Wrede and her bankruptcy. From the Ulenburg, after their takeover, the older Lippe rights were administered in the Dünner Mark, such as the timber court there, which was also disputed with the Minden monastery. The relevant files can also be found in the Ulenburg collection. In contrast to the other subcases, the Freckenhorst Act only refers to a specific political process outside Lippe, namely the election of a new abbess. After the death of Abbess Margarete zur Lippe, Count Simon VI attempted to have his daughter Elisabeth elected as his successor, which found support in Freckenhorst but was prevented due to the intervention of the Münster Monastery in favour of a Catholic candidate. Thus it is basically not a "foreign possession" of Lippe. The dominions of Vianen and Ameide as well as the Burgraviate of Utrecht passed from the von Brederode family to the Counts of Dohna (1684). Through her heiress Amalie zu Dohna, the wife of Simon Heinrichs zur Lippe, the Dutch exclave came to Lippe in 1686. On September 3, 1725, however, it was sold to the Dutch General States, but the Vianisches Archiv remained, as far as family matters in the broadest sense were concerned, with the Haus Lippe in accordance with the contract. It contains numerous documents of the last members of the House of Brederode (Johann Wolfert, Wolfert and Hedwig) and their heirs Carl Emil and Amalie from the family of Dohna, including correspondence with the extensive relatives to whom financial obligations also existed due to a Fidei compromise regulation for Vianas. For exactly this reason, the later-born members of the house Lippe (Agnaten) saw themselves injured with the sales of Vianen in their there claims and went before the imperial chamber court. In Wetzlar they finally had success, which is why the ruling Counts zur Lippe had to pay compensation and now tried to sue their own responsible persons. Thus, the Lippe protagonists in the sales negotiations, President Christoph von Piderit and Government Councillor Blume, were confronted with accusations which led to a trial of the Lippe tax against the former president. Due to these later legal disputes, the materials of the internal administration of the Vianen dominion were preserved in order to document their legal and financial condition. Therefore these matters can be traced in detail, especially the payments of the rent masters Peter Inghenhouse (1679 still until at least 1698), Elisa Gordon (parallel to it since approx. 1694 to 1721, before already secretary, later mayor), Wolfert Louis van der Waal (interim 1721), Arnold Henrik Feith (1721-1724), Henrik van Dortmond (1725) as well as the special envoy Simon Henrich Blume (1725/26 respectively 1727/30). In addition, the Drost (Drossart) appeared, first for years Jacques de l¿Homme de la Fare, then from 1710 to 1725 Jean Henry Huguetan (married van Odijk, later Count Güldensteen) and other councillors, who together formed the government council of Vianen established in 1681. All those involved in administration cumulated several posts and, after their departure, often still dealt with their previous affairs, making it difficult to delimit them. This kind of administration seems to have been taken over from the time of von Brederode and during the intermezzo under Carl Emil to Dohna quite uninterruptedly under the Lippe rule, as well as personal continuities and connections (Elisa Gordon was related for instance to the family van Dortmond, this again with Jobst B.). Barckhausen). Nathan van Dortmond, who came from Vianen, even managed to climb the rank of Landgographer in Lippe, while councils from Germany were only active in Vianen in the early and late Lippe period, such as Justus Dietrich Neuhaus, Theodor Fuchs and Simon Henrich Blume. 2. inventory history The first six subgroups of the inventory L 51 were arranged by Johann Ludwig Knoch according to factual aspects, arranged and listed with quite detailed information in his find book. This kind of distortion depended very much on his preferences, which is why invoices and the like or sources about the subjects were kept, but hardly noticed. At the beginning of the files formed by Knoch there are often copies of late medieval documents, which mostly became legally relevant for later events, which only emerge in the further course of the often chronologically sorted compilations. Not only is the overall title of Auswärtiger Besitz somewhat imprecise due to the inclusion of the appointment of an abbess in Freckenhorst, which was decided to Lippe's disadvantage. Also the subdivisions were carried out schematically in such a way that connected processes were formally correctly separated into individual proceedings, but which belong to each other objectively (for instance the case Hilmar von Quernheim against Erich Dux, at least Drosten von Hausberge, as well as against his rule, bishop and cathedral chapter of the monastery Minden). In addition, bundles of remains appear, the distribution of which Knoch had still planned but not realized on different subject groups (L 51 No. 46, 160, similar to Vianen No. 265/66, and on mixed matters, No. 267), or also scattered individual pieces, which belong to a common process (affairs of the Colonel Alexander Günther von Wrede, L 51 No. 43, 55, 62). Some of these have no connection whatsoever with Lippe's external possessions, such as extracts from the minutes of the Reichskammergericht (L 51 No. 160) belonging to various trials. The invoices of the Beyenburg office (L 51 No. 14) also contained a bundle with letters on otherwise unrelated extra-lippic property titles (in Sommersell, Kariensiek and Entrup in the Oldenburg velvet office), which Knoch had still provided with his typical marginal notes at the upper margin and sorted chronologically, but without recording them. The situation is very similar with the invoices for a building that Count Simon VI had erected on Prague Castle Hill from 1608 (No. 120). There are apparently two further subgroups of the foreign property in the state of origin, which were not taken into account in Bnoch's find book and in the classification of the holdings. Furthermore, Knoch had laid out some files about the subjects of the Ulenburg, but had provided them with the remark nullius momenti (without meaning) in his find book and had not listed them more closely. In it, however, there are quite interesting matters from the end of the 17th century (L 51 No. 100 and. 101), such as letters of release, estate inventories of simple people, complaints about beer adultery or registers of persons together with their land and cattle. The seventh subgroup with the files on Vianas was apparently added to inventory L 51 only later. A part of the material came to Detmold only in 1726, to which were added the relevant entrances already present in the residence and the material of the later processes. Although Knoch has still inscribed individual files at the beginning and end of the partial stock (L 51 No. 265-267), its indexing is missing, at least in the preserved find book L 51. When the files on the proceedings of the family at Dohna were sought out again after 1772 because of the intervention of the Prussian King Frederick II, Knoch also became active, as a family tree and some remarks by his hand prove (L 51 No. 191). In the seventh subgroup, Vianen, there are on the one hand the entrances relating to the reign. In addition, there are materials which were brought to Detmold in 1726 when the archive at Batestein Castle in Vianen was divided. These files were apparently reassembled for later investigations and processes, but the L 3 stock, which did not contain only documents, was separated. Later orders of the Vianen substock were only carried out at a shallow depth. In principle, the present order seems on the one hand to go back to the structure of the matter for the Wetzlar Imperial Chamber Court process, which was conducted with the Lippe co-heirs, as also shown by corresponding notes (so to L 51 No. 218, No. 223), but on the other hand it concerns the annexes to the report of the later investigative commissions on the role of the Lippe councillors in the sale of the dominion. All in all, it is a rather colourful mixture of the most varied pieces from the administration of the dominion, which have to do not only with the period under the Counts of Lippe, but also with earlier centuries, above all from the reign of the von Brederode family and from the decades after the sale. The use by the Count of Lippe of the money obtained from the sale of vianas is also documented in detail. In addition, the private documents of Countess Amalie zur Lippe, née Dohna, have also been included in the documents about her inheritance, the dominion of Vianen, even if they had nothing to do with it directly. A part of the correspondence about and from Vianas was unfortunately arranged schematically (obviously not by Knoch) by sender. Thus the original factual connections were partly torn apart, which are now scattered over the directory units L 51 No. 268 to 285. The Vianen sub-collection also contained a collection of remnants, including copies of medieval documents, beginning with the foundation of the Abdinghof monastery [1031], and other documents, some of which are completely unrelated or only in connection with the collection, such as the possession of the Count of Geldern in the vicinity of Vianen or refer to ancestors of the Brederode family (such as Knight Arnold von Herlaer). Their inscription speaks for itself, for instance (L 51 No. 267): Quodlibet of collected individual pieces of file, of which the persecution, to which they belong, can perhaps still be found, or (ibid.) old news, of which perhaps still some use can be made. The collected printed matter (L 51 No. 255) and diaries, including the records of the secretary of Hedwig von Brederode for 1679 and 1680, but also an anonymous description of a sea voyage to America (1776), are more related to Vianas. The first evaluation of the inventory was carried out according to the state of the distortion. Since Count Simon VI. zur Lippe played a particularly important role in many of the parts of L 51, August Falkmann often referred to it in his work about this ruler in a way that owes much to the Bone Regests. Besides Falkmann, Otto Preuß also took a closer look at the materials for Ulenburg for the first time, while this pioneering achievement for Beyenburg was performed by Werhan. Peter van Meurs, who was involved in the drawing of the Vianic inventory L 3 in The Hague until 1909, probably also evaluated parts of L 51 VII for his work on the heritage of the House of Brederode. The inventory consists of 286 units in now 85 cartons; the oldest (transcribed) document in it allegedly originates from 1031, the most recent from 1796. The inventory took place from 17 October to 15 December 2004. On the one hand, the aim was to proceed in a more analytical and summarizing manner in order to better emphasize the characteristics of the nudes; on the other hand, the materials not yet considered by Knoch, the later rearrangements and additions, and the almost completely unexplored subcontent of vianas were to be recorded in an equivalent manner or, for lack of other finding aids, even deeper. It should be noted that in particular the documents on Vianas are written not only in German, but also in French, Dutch, Latin and rarely in English, which could not be listed here individually due to the frequent change of languages (often within documents). A unit listed in a previous record could not be described in detail as it appears to have been missing since 1999 (L 51 No 286). Technical defects forced the repeated processing of the indices. An old signature index was not created, since the bones were sometimes assigned signatures inconsistently or its units were divided again by later rearrangements and insertions. However, the exact concordance can be seen in the Bone Findbuch, in which the new signatures were entered. For conservation reasons, most of the posters were taken from the files, some of which belong to related matters, such as a replica of a sham letter from a trial of Hilmar von Quernheim, proclamations of laws of the dominion of Vianen and the neighbouring Dutch territories, but also those concerning other matters, such as a signed order of soldiers of the imperial commander-in-chief Wallenstein from the Thirty Years' War. Some of these posters were used as file covers. The withdrawal notes could not initially be printed for the distortion units. Since the holdings concern Lippe's foreign possessions and claims, materials on these can also be found in other archives, above all those of the neighbouring Reich estates, such as the Duchy of Jülich (HStA Düsseldorf) for Beyenburg, Enger and Bünde. There are also sources on Ulenburg and Haus Beck in other archives. For the trials of Hilmar von Quernheim and Count zur Lippe by the Imperial Chamber of Justice there is a counter tradition mainly in the State Archives of Münster (RKG Q 113-116, ibid. L 629/630), as well as in the formerly inseparable Wetzlar holdings (now the Federal Archives) and in numerous other archives. The files of Haus Beck are deposited in the Stadtarchiv Löhne, while the corresponding materials have reached the Stadtarchiv Bielefeld at Ulenburg. There is also further tradition of the enfeoffment of the Quernheimers with the Ulenburg. For the reign of Vianen and Ameide the materials in Detmold go back to the Middle Ages, since here the older documents of the Lords of Brederode can be found, mostly in L 3 (some also in L 51 No.214, 229, 265; in addition prints or regests of older documents of the House of Brederode, ibid. No. 210 and 243, respectively), a stock which for the later period possesses parallel files to L 51 and also extends into the period after the sale. Of course there is additional delivery in the Netherlands. For the spread of materials from Sommersell and neighbouring places, L 89 A No. 231-233 should also be used. The extensive material collections and party files on the Reichskammergerichtsprozessen über Vianen and the sporadically appearing RKG files in L 51, which do not belong to the actual subject matters of this collection, could be assigned on the basis of the already existing index. Already in 1785 files sent back from Wetzlar to the Reichskammergerichtsprozeß about the sale of Vianen have reached the inventory L 95 I. The quote is as follows: L 51 No. (order number) Detmold, December 2004 Dr. Otfried Krafft

Life data of Heinrich Christian Karl Theodor Schiemann 5/17.7.1847 geb. in Grobin (Kurland) Father: Theodor, City Secretary in Mitau Mother: Nadeda (Nadine) Rodde 1858-1867 Gouvernementsgymnasium Mitau 1867-1872 History studies at the University of Dorpat 1871-1872 House teacher in Jensel/Livonia 1872-1873 Work at the Ducal Archives in Mitau and at the City Archive of Gdansk 1873/74 History studies at the University of Göttingen 1874 Doctorate 1874 PhD thesis "Salomon Hennings Livonian-Curonian Chronicle" 1874-1875 worked at the Main State Archives Dresden and at the House, Court and State Archives Vienna 1875-1883 head teacher for history at the State Grammar School in Fellin 1883-1887 city archivist in Reval; thereafter moved to Berlin 1887-1892 Privatdozent für nord. History and teacher at the War Academy 1889-1892 archivist at the Hanover State Archives: Deputation to the Secret State Archive in Berlin 1892-1902 Associate Professor at the Philosophical Faculty of Humboldt University 1902 Director and Ordinarius of the Seminar for Eastern European History and Regional Studies 1906 Full Honorary Professor at Humboldt University Full Professor at Humboldt University (until 1920) 1910 Appointment as Privy Government Councillor 1918 Curator of the German University Dorpat 1919 Retirement 26.1.1921 died in Berlin Theodor Schiemann was married since 29.6.1875 to Caroline née v. Mulert (1849-1937). They had five children: Edith (born 1876), Agnes (1878-1922, piano player), Theodor (born 1880, major, landowner), Elisabeth (1881-1972, plant geneticist) and Gertrud (born 1883, musician). The details of the curriculum vitae were taken from the publications listed under Literature. Preliminary note: The majority of the estate was deposited in 1959 (exc. 41/1959 > no. 1-245) by a daughter of Schiemann, Prof. Elisabeth Schiemann, representing her siblings in the Secret State Archives. The estate was already in the Secret State Archives before the Second World War, but was incompletely returned to the family after the outsourcing due to the war, which then deposited the estate again in the Secret State Archives in 1959. According to the Depositalvertrag, after the death of the siblings, the property passed to the Secret State Archives PK. The following additions to the estate were subsequently acquired: 1967 Submission from the Federal Archives from the estate of Prof. Frauendienst (exc. 40/1967 > in No. 79 pp. 15-21) 1969 Depositum of Prof. Elisabeth Schiemann (exc. 56/1969 > No. 246-251) 1977 Depositum der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e. V. (Acc. 71/1977 > Appendix No. 261 - 268) 1982 Delivery of Dr. Gert v. Pistohlkors (Acc. 61/1982 > No. 255-259) 2006 Gift from Prof. Klaus Meyer: Papers were found in the estate of Prof. Torke and were handed over in 1967 by Prof. Elisabeth Schiemann to the Seminar for Eastern European History in Berlin (Acc. 51/2006 > incorporated in No. 42, 50, 54, 172, 250 and 258 and formed new No. 252-254). In the current processing of the estate, the former Appendix No. 9-13 has been re-signed to the serial numbers No. 255-259. The deposit of the Max Planck Society, initially referred to as Appendix (Depositum) No. 1 - 8, was subsequently re-signed with sequential numbering No. 261 - 268. (Change Jan. 2011 Wiss. Ang. Rita Klauschenz) The original find book probably came from the years 1959/60 and was created by Johannes Krüger. The old distortion was partly revised during the incorporation of this year's accession, specified in case of ambiguities and entered into the distortion database. In addition, the classification was modified, the appendix listed in more detail and an index of persons was compiled. The index of persons contains all the names of persons appearing in the reference book: mainly correspondence partners ejected, but also author names and persons treated in titles of publications. When searching for specific correspondence partners, the index should be checked, since the same correspondence partner can be found in different archives due to the different acquisitions. There are also numerous correspondence folders under the classification point 01.03, which should still be included in searches for safety reasons. The estate consists mainly of numerous correspondence and publications with predominantly political content, reflecting the political views and commitment of Theodor Schiemann and his contemporaries (colleagues, friends and acquaintances). The individual letters under item 01.03 are either individual letters or only a few letters from one sender. The content of these letters is often similar, as it is always a matter of political issues and current affairs. As item 06, the estate was further enriched with documents from a daughter of Schiemann, Prof. Elisabeth Schiemann, which relate to the estate. Due to the late maturities, numbers 180, 258, 148 and Annex No. 3 probably also belong to this group, but have been left under points 03 and 04.02 in favour of the old order. There is a concordance at the search booker, with the help of which one can find a certain order number in the search book under the jumping numbers. With the introduction of the new tectonics in the Secret State Archives in January 2001, the estate of Schiemann, formerly known as I. HA Rep. 92 Schiemann, was incorporated into the newly founded VI. Family archives and estates department. Duration: 1825/26, 1835, 1862 - 1972 Volume: 2.4 running metres To order: VI HA, Nl Schiemann, T., No... To quote: GStA PK, VI. HA Family Archives and Bequests, Nl Theodor Schiemann, No... Berlin, May 2006 (AOInsp.in Sylvia Rose) Literature on Theodor Schiemann: o Erich Seuberlich, Stammtafel deutsch-baltischer Geschlechter, II. Reihe, Leipzig 1927 (see Appendix No. 3) o K. Meyer, Theodor Schiemann as political publicist, Frankfurt/Main 1956 o W. Leesch, Die deutschen Archivare 1500-1945, Vol. 2, Munich, New York et al. 1992 o G. Voigt, Russia in German historiography 1843-1945, Berlin 1994 o Th. Bohn, Theodor Schiemann. Historian and publicist. In: Ostdeutsche Gedenktage 1997, Personalities and Historical Events, Bonn 1996, pp. 141-146 o K. Meyer, Russia, Theodor Schiemann and Victor Hehn. In: Baltic Sea Provinces, Baltic States and the National. Studies in honour of Gert von Pistohlkors on his 70th birthday. Edited by Norbert Angermann, Michael Garleff, Wilhelm Lenz, Münster 2005, pp. 251-277 (Schriften der Baltischen Historischen Kommission, vol. 14) o New German Biography, published by the Historical Commission of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, vol. 22, Berlin 2005. inventory description: Biographical data: 1847 - 1921 finding aids: database; find book, 1 vol.

Foreword: Foreword Findbuch HHS I: Behörden- und Bestandsgeschichtliche Einleitung History of the Registraturbilders: The Handelshochschule Berlin is a foundation of the elders of the Berlin merchant community. It was opened in October 1906 and initially had the following tasks: ""To provide young merchants with in-depth general and commercial education, taking constant account of practical circumstances; "to give prospective commercial school teachers the opportunity to acquire the necessary theoretical and practical specialist training; "to provide judicial, administrative, consular and chamber of commerce officials, etc., with the opportunity to work in the field of business administration. (1) The training should not, however, serve exclusively practical purposes, but the scientific character of the new institution should occupy an important place in the effectiveness of the new university. This condition had also been imposed by the Ministers for Trade and Commerce and for Spiritual, Teaching and Medical Matters in the approval of the Order of 27.12.1903, whereby special reference was made to "keeping the Handelshochschule at the same level as the other Berlin universities"(2) At the time of the opening, the teaching staff consisted of 8 lecturers in the main office 30 lecturers in the secondary office 13 private lecturers 4 assistants Students, guest students and listeners were admitted to study. The admission requirements stipulated that, in addition to merchants entitled to "one-year voluntary service" and having completed their apprenticeship, high school graduates and teachers could also be admitted to the 2nd teacher training examination. The curriculum provided for the following subjects: Economics: banking, stock exchange, monetary and credit affairs, cooperatives, transportation, trade, commerce, agricultural, colonial and social policy, statistics, finance, insurance, commercial history, economic geography Legal studies: civil law, commercial law, commercial law, bill of exchange and maritime law, insurance law, social legislation, industrial property law, prosecution (international transport), state, administrative and international law, criminal law Commodities science:Physics, Chemistry, Mechanical Technology, Chemical Technology, Industrial Health Commercial Engineering: Accounting, Commercial Accounting, Correspondence Methodology of Commercial Education Languages: English, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, German (for foreigners) General Humanities: History, History of Art, History of Literature, Philosophy The duration of the studies was 2 years. After completing their studies, students had the opportunity to take both an examination for practical business people and a diploma examination. (3) In the years 1912, 1920, 1924, 1927 and 1937, the examination regulations were amended several times in accordance with the changed conditions and requirements for graduates of the Handelshochschule or were completely revised. Apart from the diploma examination, the commercial teacher examination could also be taken. (4) In addition, diploma commercial teachers had the opportunity to take an additional examination in the writing subjects and office economics. (5) The examination regulations from 1937, which applied until 1945, also provided for the possibility of a diploma examination as an economist, which, however, could only be taken since 1944 at the Berlin School of Economics. (6) The constitution of the Handelshochschule of 15.11.1923 made admission to studies dependent on the acquisition of a school leaving certificate and set the duration of studies at 4 years. Since 1928, it had been possible to take the special matriculation examination in order to obtain a university entrance qualification, which was prepared by so-called "private matriculation examination courses". The number of students in the years 1906-1933 rose from 213 in the winter semester 1906/1907 to 1184 in the winter semester 1919/20, 1234 in the winter semester 1928/29 and reached the highest number of 1260 in the summer semester 1932. In the years 1933-1945 the number of students including guest students and visitors ranged between 500 and 1700. (7) The first official course catalogue of the summer semester 1907 announced lectures in the following fields of knowledge: Economics Economics Law Economic Geography and Economic History Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, Commodities Technology Languages Theory and Practice of Commercial Education General Scientific Education Skills (short writing) It should be particularly emphasized that lectures on colonial politics and colonial economics occupied a large space within economics. (8) Apart from some changes and additions, the structure of the curriculum remained constant. In addition, the curriculum was included in the following years: Insurance Cooperative Studies Physics and Chemistry were reported as separate courses. Lectures on "Russian economic conditions" and "Eastern Europe" were also announced in the SS 1914. In the winter semester of 1917/18 the lecturer Dr. lic. Rohrbach said in his lecture "German World Politics" that he still had to talk about the "struggle for the rise of the Germans to a world people". After the November Revolution, which, according to the report of the then rector, Prof. Leitner, was a consequence of "the violent end of the world war by the superiority of matter and the internal enemies of the people" (10), many lectures dealt with economic and general political problems of the post-war period. (So e.g. "Development of the political parties a Germany - L. Bergsträsser - Lessons of the World War - Wegener -) Germany's geographical, political and economic world position (The encirclement as a result of our geographical disadvantages - Liberation from the predicament - Rohrbach-) (11) Lectures for the Berlin teaching staff in which the following topics were dealt with were new: "The Foundations of Socialism" (The Doctrine of Class Struggle, Socialist Value Doctrine, Socialism of Action, socialist theories of state) "The economic theories and their Connection with the intellectual movement of modern times" (12) As of SS 1923, the term "business administration" was introduced instead of "private economics". The structure of the syllabus and curriculum remained essentially the same until 1935. In May 1935, the Reich Minister for Science, Education and Popular Education issued "Guidelines for the Study of Economics", which corresponded entirely to the aims of fascist university policy: Orientation of the teaching staff and students towards the unscientific theories of National Socialism that are hostile to the people and people. Thus the following lecture topics appeared in the lecture timetables of the years 1935/36-1945: "Germanistic Prehistory" "People, especially People Becoming a People as the Sense of the National Revolution "The German Abroad and its Schools" "People and Race" "States", especially Workers and Entrepreneurs for the Sociology of the Operating Community) "State", especially Economy and Space "National Economy", especially Daily Questions of National Socialist Economic Policy, Military Science, Military Science "Business Administration", especially Human Management in Companies, Foreign Trade Businesses under the Influence of the New Plan, Warfare and Transport Routes, The establishment of the Handelshochschule is part of the period of the development of capitalism, free competition with imperialism, and the establishment of the Handelshochschule is part of the period of the development of capitalism. German imperialism, which was neglected in the division of the world between the imperialist great powers, also put the educational institutions at the service of its economic expansion policy. The cadres needed to cope with these tasks had to have a higher level of training than the business people trained at technical colleges. In this sense, the then rector of the Handelshochschule, Prof. Leitner, in a memorandum written in December 1919 to obtain the right to award doctorates, also spoke of the fact that "the development of Germany from an agricultural state to an industrial state, the emergence of large and giant industrial enterprises, the expansion of national trade to international and world trade, finally the concentration and expansion in the German banking industry towards the end of the last century had necessitated the establishment of special technical colleges for merchants and higher commercial officials. (13) Thus the commercial college objectively served to strengthen and consolidate the imperialist system. The connection with commercial, industrial and bank capital was particularly close because the Handelshochschule had been part of the business division of the Berlin Chamber of Industry and Commerce since July 1920. Franz von Mendelssohn: Banker, former President of the Berlin Chamber of Industry and Commerce Philipp Vielmetter: General Director of Knorr-Bremse AG, Vice President of the Berlin Chamber of Industry and Commerce, Treasurer of the Gesellschaft der Freunde der Handelshochschule Karl Gelpcke: Director of Hypothekenbank Hamburg, President of the Berlin Chamber of Industry and Commerce Friedrich Reinhart: Prussian State Councillor, President of the Berlin Chamber of Construction Economics, Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Commerz- und Privatbank AG The administration of the Handelshochschule was initially carried out by the eldest members of the Berlin business community. The so-called "Grand Council of the College of Commerce", to which the members belonged, existed as an advisory body: "The President of the College of Elders, two representatives of the State Government, the Rector of the Handelshochschule, one representative of the Berlin University, one representative of the Technische Hochschule Berlin, six delegates of the College of Elders, two members of the Finance Commission, three lecturers employed in the main office and to be elected by the teaching staff, a member of the Berlin City Council, a member of the Berlin City Assembly, a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the General Counsel of the School of Management, five other outstanding personalities appointed by the elders of the commercial team who have confirmed their interest in the School of Management." (15) The Rector of the College of Commerce was elected for 3 years, later for 2 years by the College of Lecturers and had to be confirmed by the Minister of Commerce and Industry, who was entrusted with the supervision of the school by the Prussian State Government. The supervision was initially carried out by a representative in the Grand Council, later by a so-called "State Commissioner". There were 7 institutes and seminars when the university was founded. From winter term 1918/19 the 1st syndic of the corporation was appointed as curator of the university. With effect from 1.7.1920, the corporation of the merchants was incorporated into the Berlin Chamber of Industry and Commerce and thus the commercial college was subordinated to the Berlin Chamber of Industry and Commerce. In addition to the "Grand Council", a college of commerce administration commission was formed, the majority of which consisted of representatives of commercial, industrial and bank capital. The Administrative Commission had the task of taking care of the administrative affairs of the university. The university counted at that time 8 Ordinarien 33 lecturers in the Nebenamt 1 Privatdozenten 37 lecturers and 7 Lektors it existed at that time now 14 institutes and seminars. The constitution of the commercial college of 22.10.1923, which replaced the order of 21.12.1903, reorganised the constitutional status of the college. (16) The names of the members of the teaching staff have been brought into line with those of the university. So there were only professors, lecturers, private lecturers, assistant lecturers and lecturers at the university. As a representative of the teaching staff, the "Dozentenkollegium" was created, to which only the professors belonged with seat and vote, and 2 representatives of the remaining teaching staff. Without voting rights 2 further members were admitted. The teaching staff had the task of monitoring the completeness of the teaching, submitting proposals for appointments and deciding on the admission of private lecturers. In addition, the board of lecturers elected the rector, whose term of office was 2 years. The professors were appointed by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry subject to confirmation by the Ministers of Commerce and Industry and Science, Arts and Popular Education. The so-called State Treaty, which was concluded between the Minister for Trade and Commerce and the President of the Chamber of Industry and Commerce on 16.7.1926, granted the Handelshochschule Berlin the rights of a university according to the provisions of the General Land Law. In this respect, the Handelshochschule was placed on an equal footing with the other universities and colleges. (17) The right to award doctorates, which has been demanded by all members of the teaching staff for years, has also been conferred on the university. (18) The right of habilitation had already been held by the Handelshochschule since 22.5.1915. (19) A board of trustees was appointed for the administration of the Handelshochschule. In addition, it was stipulated that the bodies otherwise existing at universities should also be formed, e.g. a senate which had not existed until then. The Board of Trustees consisted of the following members: the President of the Chamber of Industry and Commerce or his deputy, a second executive chairman appointed by the President after hearing the Chamber of Industry and Commerce, 7 members elected by the Chamber of Commerce, the Rector and Prorector of the School of Commerce or their deputies, and the corresponding full-time professors with an advisory vote in matters relating to individual areas of teaching. The appointment of these members took place for 3 years. In detail, the Board of Trustees had the following tasks: Decision on the purchase and sale of real property Employment of the civil servants and employees required for the administration Provision of expert opinions on the organisation of university teaching and suggestions in this respect Management of other university business, insofar as they have not been transferred to other bodies and do not relate to teaching and research State supervision was exercised by a State Commissioner appointed by the Minister for Trade and Industry. By the II. Ordinance of 29 October 1932 on the Simplification and Reduction of the Price of Administration (Pr. G.S., p. 333), the state supervision of the Handelshochschule Berlin was transferred to the then Prussian Minister of Science, Art and Popular Education, who fulfilled his duties and rights in the same manner as before. By decision of the Prussian State Ministry of 1 Nov. 1935, the Handelshochschule was given the new name "Wirtschaftshochschule Berlin". At the same time, the right to award doctorates was extended to include "Dr.rer.Pol.". The economics lessons at the University of Berlin and the former Berlin School of Economics were merged. (20) This form of organisation was maintained until 1945. In winter semester 1943/44 the teaching staff consisted of 14 full professors 1 extraordinary professor 5 honorary professors 4 lecturers 53 assistant lecturers 7 lecturers (21) There were 12 institutes and seminars. Institute of Finance Economics Seminar Insurance Science Seminar Institute of Industrial Business Administration Business Economics Seminars Legal Seminars Archive for Trade and Business Law Political Seminar Geographical Seminar Physical-Chemical Seminar Business Education Seminar British-American Seminar Outside the Association of the University, the following academic institutions were also available: 1st Berlin Institute of Higher Education for Insurance Science, which, in addition to the Business School, was also available to the University and the Technical University 2nd Institute for Office Economics 3rd Berlin Institute of Higher Education for Insurance Science, which was also available to the University and the Technical University 2nd Institute for Office Economics 3rd Institute of Business Administration, which was available to the University and the Technical University of BerlinResearch Centre for Trade at the Reichskuratorium für Wirtschaftlichkeit 4.From the very beginning, the members of the teaching staff included well-known bourgeois scholars who had trained a completely different generation of executives in business and administration, such as Professors Bernhard: (Georg) Volkswirtschaft Binz: Chemie Bonn: Economics Eltzbacher: Law Eulenburg: Economics Heilfron: Law Hellauer: Commercial Science Jastrow: Political Science Marten: Physics Mellerowicz: Business Administration Nicklisch: Business Administration Preuß: Law Schücking: Law Sombart: Political Science Tiessen: Geography Valentin: Politics Wegener: Geography During the years 1933-1945 also typical representatives of the fascist ideology and representatives of the German monopoly capital worked, like the professors Weber: Jurisprudence (today leading member of the NPD, professor in Göttingen, in the brown book of the GDR registers) Hettlage: (today professor in Mainz, state secretary, member of the high authority of the European community for coal and steel, in the brown book of the GDR registers) v. Arnim: Rector of the Technische Hochschule Berlin, SA-Gruppenführer Reithinger: Head of the Economics Department of IG-Farben, Berlin NW 7 Registratur- und Bestandsgeschichte Registraturverhältnisse: In the course of organizing and recording the holdings, it was established that the existing file units must have been kept in a central registry. There is a continuous signing of the hand-stitched files (Roman numerals I - XIX), whereby small Latin letters were used in addition to the subdivision. A registration scheme was not available, so that it was not possible to determine which criteria formed the basis for the formation of the individual groups. In the course of the office reform, the conversion to a file registration system took place early (approx. 1920). New signatures - also Roman numerals I - XVII - with subdivision (Arabic numerals), e.g. II I - were used. There are file directories from the years 1933 and 1936. Subsequently, 17 main groups had been formed, subdivided according to need with Arabic numerals. It can be seen from the remaining parts of the registry that from 1940 onwards only Arabic numerals were used to identify the file units. Registry directories could not be determined. It must be assumed that most of these files were destroyed by the effects of war. Access, completeness, cassation: The transfer of the holdings, which were located in the building of the former business school, since 1946 Faculty of Economics of the Humboldt University, took place in 2 stages. The part stored on the floor was added to the archive in 1964, the one in the cellar in 1967. In March 1970 a remainder of approx. 2 running metres was found in a cellar of the building. The collection also included about 7000 student personal files, which were stored alphabetically. With regard to the completeness of the holdings, it should be noted that, following a comparison with the list of files from 1936 on the standing file registry of 635 files established since 1920, only 170 files remain. However, it should be noted that the files formed after 1 October 1936 do not appear in the register, so that an exact determination is not possible. There are also no directories of the previous files kept since 1906. The student personnel files seem to have been almost completely handed down. It is assumed that a large proportion of the files were destroyed as a result of the building damage caused by an air raid in February 1945. With the takeover of the files of the business school, at the same time about 200 files of the board of trustees of the business school were added to the archive, which were handed over to the city archive of Greater Berlin for reasons of responsibility. The only thing that was collected for the purpose of researching the history of the business school was completely worthless file units, such as vouchers, lists, announcements and manuscripts of the lecture timetables, which can only be regarded as preparation material for the printed lecture timetables. Archival processing: The traditional registry order could not be used as a basis for organizing the holdings. The majority of the file titles have also been reformulated. 12 main groups with the corresponding subgroups were formed and the file units were classified accordingly. 1.Constitution and management of the university 2.Teaching and training 3.Award of academic degrees 4.Teaching staff 5.Relations with domestic and foreign universities, colleges and other scientific institutions 6.Public activities of the commercial college (business school) 7.Associations and associations 8.Disciplinary matters 9.Social support for students 10.Libraries 11.Household and finance 12.Assets of the business school A subject and name register facilitate the user's work on the holdings. The order and the distortion of the inventory took place in the years 1968 - 1970 by the undersigned. Berlin in May 1970, Kossack footnotes: (1) "Ordnung der Handelshochschule der Korporation der Kaufmannschaft von Berlin vom 21.12.1903" in: "Handelshochschule Berlin - Organisation und Lehrplan der Handelshochschule der Korporation der Kaufmannschaft von Berlin", 3rd edition, Berlin 1906, pp. 14 ff. (2)Ebenda, p. 6 (3)Cf. in addition: "Draft of an examination regulation for the diploma examination at the Handelshochschule der Korporation der Kaufmannschaft von Berlin vom 6.6.1906" (4)Ebenda, p. 31 (5)Cf. " Regulation of the additional examination for diploma commercial teachers in the writing subjects and office economics of 4.9.1928 (6)Cf.3. 1937" (7)Cf. "Deutsche Hochschulstatistik WS 1928/29, WS 1930/31, WS 1932/33", "Berlin 1929 - 1933" and "Zehnjahresstatistik des Hochschulbesuchungen und der Abschlussprüfungen, 1. volume, Hochschulbesuch, bearbeitet von Prof. Dr. Charlotte Lorenz, Universität Berlin", Berlin 1943 (8)Cf. "Handelshochschule Berlin, Vorlesungen und Übungen im Wintersemester 1907/08 und folgende.". (9)See course catalogue WS 1917/18, p. 35 (10)See "Handelshochschule Berlin. Report on the rectorate period October 1918/20, reported by the rector of the Handelshochschule, Prof. Dr. Leitner, Berlin 1921", p. 6 (11)Cf. to "Handelshochschule Berlin. Amtliches Verzeichnis der Vorlesungen und Übungen SS 1919", p. 32,39,29 (12)Ebenda WS 1919/20, p. 50/51 (13)Cf. Report on the rectorate period October 1918/20, submitted by the rector of the Handelshochschule, Prof. Friedrich Leitner, Berlin 1921, p. 29 (14)/ (15)Cf. "Ordnung der Handelshochschule der Korporation der Kaufmannschaft von Berlin vom 21. December 1903/04, January 1904", § 3 in: "Handelshochschule Berlin - Opening October 1906 - Organization and Curriculum of the Handelshochschule der Korporation der Kaufmannschaft von Berlin", Berlin 1906 (16)See Constitution of the Handelshochschule Berlin (17)The wording of the contract is in: Ebenda, Nr. 10 (18)Cf. Promotionsordnung der Handelshochschule Berlin vom 18.1.1927 (19)Cf. "Die Entwicklung der Handelshochschule Berlin von 1913 - 1916" by Prof. Dr. P. Eltzbacher, Berlin 1916, S, 3 (20)Only a copy of the decree of the Reich Minister for Science, Education and People's Education (W Ie 2703 vom 8.11.1935) could be determined in: U.A. der H.U. Rektorat vor 1945, Nr. 257 (21)Cf. Wirtschaftshochschule Berlin, Vorlesungsverzeichnis WS 1943/44, S. 23 ff Zitierweise: HU UA, Business School Berlin.01, No. XXX. HU UA, WHB.01, No. XXX.