1st administrative history/biography: Carl Bach was born on 08.03.1847 in Stollberg in the Erzgebirge mountains as the son of the saddler master and carriage builder Heinrich Julius Bach. After attending primary school and private school in Stollberg, he completed an apprenticeship as a locksmith. In the years 1863 and 1864 he worked in the steam engine construction of the company R. Hartmann in Chemnitz. During this time he learned English in addition to his work. Then he was first a pupil of the Gewerbschule, later of the Werkmeisterschule, where he graduated at Easter 1866 with the overall grade 1 and the silver medal, which was only awarded in one copy. This year he took part in planning work for the Chemnitz water pipeline under the direction of Prof. Kankelwitz. After the following studies at the Polytechnikum Dresden he followed Prof. Kankelwitz as assistant for the years 1868 to 1872 to Stuttgart. After this time Bach studied again, this time with Grashof at the TH Karlsruhe, where he earned his diploma in 1873. In the following five years he worked as an engineer in Wollwich, London and Vienna, finally becoming director of Lausitzer Maschinenfabrik AG in Bautzen. He was elected to the Zittau Chamber of Commerce in 1877 and married in the same year. On 01 October 1878, Bach was appointed full professor of mechanical engineering at the Technical University of Stuttgart, where he established the Materials Testing Institute in 1884 and the Engineering Laboratory eleven years later. From 1885 to 1888 he was rector of the TH Stuttgart. One year later, on 20 June 1889, Bach was awarded the silver commemorative medal by the King of Württemberg on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the government. In February 1892 he received the Knight's Cross and on 25 November 1895 the Honorary Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown, connected with the nobility of persons. He was also awarded the title of "Construction Director". Already in 1883 Carl Bach was appointed to the Federal Polytechnic in Zurich, in 1895 to the Technical University in Berlin and in 1902 unofficially to the Technical University in Vienna. However, he did not follow any of these calls. On 22 March 1911 he was awarded the Commander's Cross of the 2nd Class of the Albrecht Order by King Friedrich August of Saxony, in 1914 the title "Staatsrat", in February 1916 he was awarded the Wilhelmskreuz by the King of Württemberg, in February 1918 the Commander's Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown. Also this year Bach was the first technician in Württemberg to receive the title "Excellence". From 1912 to 1918 Carl von Bach was a member of the 1st Chamber of the Württemberg State Parliament for the TH Stuttgart. On his 70th birthday, 1917, he became an honorary citizen of his hometown Stollberg and on his 80th birthday an honorary citizen of Stuttgart. In 1920 the senate of the TH Stuttgart had him paint for the senate hall. Two years later Bach was emeritus. In 1926 Bach was painted again, this time for the conference hall of the VDI in Berlin. Carl von Bach died in Stuttgart on 10 October 1931. He holds honorary doctorates from the TH Berlin (1903), the University of Tübingen (1927), the TH Vienna (1927), and the TH Stuttgart (1927). In close cooperation and lively exchange of ideas with renowned entrepreneurs and inventors such as Robert Bosch, Paul Daimler, Rudolf Diesel, Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin and many others, Bach succeeded in bridging the gap in mechanical engineering between practitioners such as Redtenbacher (Karlsruhe) and theorists such as Reuleaux (Berlin) by purposefully combining theory and practice through experimental research in mechanical engineering and civil engineering. In order to secure the scientific basis, Bach successfully established two research institutes, the Materials Testing Institute 1884, of which he was director until 1922, and the Engineering Laboratory 1895. On his initiative, the first chair for aeronautics and automotive engineering was established in Germany in 1925, together with the associated laboratory. Based on his work, Bach is regarded as the founder of static elasticity and strength theory. Both from his own experience and from his work in business circles and technical associations, Bach was aware that the rapid development of German industry required a fundamental reform of engineering education. He demanded a "workshop practice" of at least one year. Bach considered solid practical experience supplemented by thorough, comprehensive training in natural science and technical subjects, but also the teaching of humanities disciplines, the "humanisation of technical universities", to be absolutely essential for the engineer of the future. His educational policy intentions, which he realized in his more than 40 years of work at the Technical University of Stuttgart, he achieved above all through the Association of German Engineers. The appreciation of Bach as a teacher and scholar is expressed not only by his appointments to other universities, but also by the orders and honours of crowned heads and associations of a technical, scientific and socio-political nature, as well as the magnificent letter of thanks from the students of the TH Stuttgart. 2nd inventory description: Carl von Bach (1847-1931) was one of the most important German technical scientists of his time. In the field of mechanical engineering and material testing he did pioneering work, which is the basis for today's problems and solutions. The estate of Carl von Bach comprises a total of about 40 running metres. Archive material. However, this material does not only contain the scientific legacy of Bach, but much more: in addition to the scientific works - almost all manuscripts of his major works are available in various editions - an extensive part of his private legacy is also preserved. In addition, the University Archives also contain the estate of his son Julius Bach. He was bequeathed in his will the entire legacy of his father's writings, which he finally bequeathed to the then Technical University of Karl-Marx-Stadt alongside his own. Particularly valuable in the estate of Carl von Bach, if one can even pick out a subgroup, is the traditional business correspondence. On approx. 50,000 sheets, both the correspondence received and the correspondence sent out over the period from 1876 to 1931 are almost completely handed down. Because of Bach's focus on work and research, the theory of strength and elasticity, of which he was a co-founder, he came into contact with various representatives from science and industry. Moreover, Bach was a very socially committed person, which is also reflected in this correspondence. However, the preservation of the tradition is endangered. In particular, the copial books with the outgoing correspondence will only be released for use in exceptional cases. The degree of preservation of the writing material is particularly problematic here. As a rule, the deceased did not use commercially available ink, but mixed it himself in varying compositions, some of which faded very strongly. In addition, the transparent paper of the books is only of little stability. For this reason, the business correspondence in the Bach estate was completely filmed and digitized. Selected documents are recorded on colour film and are available as negatives and positives. The Subdivision of the Estate Carl von Bach's estate is divided into six sections in its provisionally final stage of indexing: I. Biographical material This group includes personal documents, testimonies of his educational and professional career, documents about his military service, honours, vocations, anniversaries and autobiographical records. II. private correspondence This is arranged chronologically according to the members of the family and within them. Of these, the correspondence with his son Julius is the most extensive and certainly also the most interesting, since it contains the discussions of various technical problems that were conducted between the two scientists. III. business correspondence This cannot claim to be complete, but the extent of the overdelivery is impressive. Particularly remarkable is the tradition of the outgoing mail, which is recorded in a total of 35 copial books on approx. 35000 sheets. They cover the period from 1876 to 1903 and from 1909 to his death in 1931. Within these copies the letters are arranged chronologically and for almost each of these books there is a register of names of the addressees, which has been made by the deceased. However, the Kopialbücher also contain copies of incoming letters and various concepts, orders, etc., which Bach probably regarded as particularly important. Also the mail archived in this group is quite remarkable with 18 000 sheets. In total, there are about 2500 correspondents in the group of business correspondence. With regard to the two sections on private and business correspondence, it should be noted that correspondence can also be found outside these sections, in the fact files. IV. Business papers Here you will find the manuscripts of his countless publications, statements and expert opinions on the fields of science covered by Bach, as well as extensive material collections on these questions. His work on material testing, the durability of steam boilers and riveted joints, etc. can be particularly well understood here. Bach himself created firm portfolios in which he collected all possible processes into one subject and then labeled them accordingly. This state of order and distortion was largely adopted during the earlier processing of the estate, without verifying the content in detail. This situation was resolved in 2007. The order by subject has been maintained, but the folders have been repackaged and the file titles have been supplemented with extensive "Contains" notes to facilitate access to this material. In addition, papers from the estate of Julius Bach were added to this section, but these clearly have their origin in Carl Bach. V. Material Collections Various types of material have been summarized here. This concerns e.g. his membership cards, orders, promotional gifts, material samples or also different photos. Sections 4 and 5 have not been rearranged, but have been taken over from the original legator. VI. Non-provenance material Here is the material about the legator that was later added to the estate, such as obituaries or copies of and about Bach from other archives. In the revision of the estate, further material on Carl Bach was added. Of particular note here are the numerous photos of the Carl Bach family, which were made available in digital form for the collection. The inventory signature is the number 302, followed by an indication in Roman numerals and the individually numbered file units (in Arabic numerals). The Roman numerals indicate the six different groups. Example: 302 / III / 0123 Carl von Bach estate estate / business correspondence / foreign correspondence America: Argentina, Chile, Canada, USA Inventory processing The Carl von Bach estate has not yet been finally catalogued. At the beginning of the processing in the 80s a file was created, which was the basis for the input into the database at the end of the 90s. The data was transferred unchanged. A new classification was developed for the estate, according to which the entered units of registration are arranged. New file titles have been created in the Biographical Material, Private and Business Correspondence sections. In 2007, sections IV to VI were finally developed in greater depth. Although most of the titles of the files in the business papers and material collections were originally taken over by the testator, they were supplemented with extensive remarks. The present finding aid book thus represents the most recent state of processing for the time being. Digitisation The correspondence in the estate has been completely filmed and digitised from the film. Due to the state of preservation, the originals are no longer released for use. A high quality silver halide film has been used to secure the existence of the company. As a rule, this part of the estate is used via the electronic data on the PC. The designation of the CD-ROM corresponds to that of the file unit. During scanning, the individual sheets were numbered consecutively. The first part of the file name, however, reflects the file unit. However, the file numbers do not match the page number. 3. state of indexing/scope: indexed; find book, database, digitised material; scope: 40.75 running metres.
History of the Inventory Designer: Founded in 1933, since 1934 as a public corporation of the Reich subject to the supervision of Reichsju‧stizministers and Reich Minister of the Interior, responsible for the promotion and Ver‧wirklichung of the "National Socialist Program in the Entire Field of Law" Long Text: Founding and Legal Foundations The Academy for German Law was constituted on 26 March 1933. The constituent meeting was attended by the Reich Secretary of the Federation of National Socialist German Lawyers Dr. Heuber, Professors Dr. Wilhelm Kisch and Dr. von Zwiedineck-Südenhorst, the General Director of the Munich Reinsurance Company Kißkalt, two representatives of the business community and the future Director Dr. Karl Lasch. On 22 September 1933 a Bavarian law was passed (Bayerisches Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt No. 37, p. 277), the only article of which granted the Academy the status of a public corporation. The articles of association were attached as an annex, according to which the provisional seat was to be Munich and which outlined the tasks of the new corporation as follows: By "applying proven scientific methods" it should "promote the reform of German legal life (...) and implement the National Socialist programme in the entire field of law and economics (...) in close and permanent liaison with the bodies responsible for legislation". In detail, her sphere of activity included cooperation in drafting laws, in the reform of legal and political science education, in scientific publications and the financial support of practical scientific work for the research of special fields of law and economics, the organisation of scientific conferences and teaching courses as well as the cultivation of relations with similar institutions abroad. The office of the Führer of the Academy was to be held in personal union by the head of the Reichsrechtsamt of the NSDAP; he was responsible for the external representation of the ADR, its internal management, all personnel decisions and the decision on amendments to the statutes as well as the dissolution in agreement with the Führer of the NSDAP. As auxiliary organs a deputy, a leader staff and a treasurer as well as the department heads of the specialized departments to be created were intended. The Bavarian State Ministry of Justice should be responsible for supervision. The members of the Academy, whose number should not exceed two hundred, were to be appointed for four years; ordinary, extraordinary, sponsoring and corresponding members were distinguished. At the first German Lawyers' Day in Leipzig, the establishment of the Academy for German Law was solemnly proclaimed on 2 October 1933. This already showed that Frank was striving to turn the Academy into an institution of the Reich, which would give him the opportunity to influence the Gleichschaltung der Justitz in the Länder even after he had completed his work as Reich Commissioner for the Unification of the Justitz. On 18 June 1934, the draft of a law on the Academy for German Law was sent to the head of the Reich Chancellery for submission to the cabinet (BA, R 43 II/1509). The Reich Minister of Justice agreed after it had been clarified that the Academy should receive its own funds and not burden the Reich, the Länder or the communities. At the request of the Reich Ministry of the Interior, the draft was amended to provide for joint supervision of the Academy by the Reich Ministry of Justice and the Reich Ministry of the Interior. After adoption in the cabinet meeting of 3 July 1934, the law was passed on 11 July 1934 (RGBl. I. S. 605), with which the Academy for German Law became the public corporation of the Reich; a new statute was attached. With this law, the Academy's tasks changed only to the extent that the responsibility for the reorganization of German legal life in the field of business ceased to exist. The headquarters remained in Munich. The Führer of the Academy became an honorary president, whose appointment was made by the Reich Chancellor. The binding of the office to the management of the Reichsrechtsamt of the NSDAP ceased. As an organ of the Academy, in addition to the President, a Presidium also provided support and advice. The maximum number of members was set at 300. Committees were set up to carry out the practical work of the Academy. The law of 11 July 1934 was not amended until 1945. In November 1934 a change was planned, which provided for a salary for the president according to the regulations for Reich officials. However, the draft was removed from the agenda of the cabinet meeting of 4 December 1934 (BA, R 22/198, R 43 II/1509) on Hitler's instructions. On the other hand, two amendments were made to the statutes, first on 16 October 1935 (RGBl. I. p. 1250). It provided that, in the event of the dissolution of the Academy, its assets would fall to the Reich, due to the taking up of a high mortgage, which the Academy had taken up to expand its Berlin house. More serious in its significance was the second amendment of 9 June 1943 (Reichs- und Staatsanzeiger of 9 June 1943). It was initiated by the new President, Reich Minister of Justice Dr. Otto Thierack. He prohibited the acceptance of private donations for the Academy and abolished the office of treasurer. The new constitution submitted to the Reich Ministry of Justice by the director of the Academy Gaeb on 10 December 1942 was to take this into account and at the same time streamline the provisions (BA, R 22/199). After consultations in the participating Reich ministries, the new constitution was finally formulated in a meeting on 8 June 1943 between representatives of the Reich Ministry of Justice, the Reich Ministry of the Interior and the Academy, signed on 9 July 1943 and published on the same day. In addition to the abolition of the office of treasurer and the institution of supporting members, the main changes were the inclusion of provisions on the President's auxiliary organs and the scientific structure of the Academy, which had previously been included in the structure regulations and the administrative regulations, as well as in a clear arrangement. The aforementioned Aufbauordnung had been issued on 15 December 1936 as an order of the President concerning the reorganization of the scientific work of the Akademie für Deutsches Recht (Zeitschrift der Akademie für Deutsches Recht 1937, p. 23). It defined the structure of the scientific apparatus of the Academy. The first of these, the Honorary Senate, was of little importance, while the other two, the Department of Legal Policy for Legal Policy and the Department of Legal Research for Scientific Research, were of decisive importance. It also dealt with the future centre of the Academy, the "House of German Law", for which the foundation stone had been laid a few months earlier and which was to house the research and educational facilities of the Academy. On April 1, 1937, the President had supplemented and extended the Academy's administrative regulations (Zeitschrift der ADR, p. 405f.) by enacting them, which outlined in more detail the tasks of the individual organs, namely the treasurer and the director, who were responsible for the financial and general administration of the Academy, the director of scientific and legal policy work, the committee chairmen, and the class secretaries entrusted with the direction of the classes. Eight administrative units were also listed, one each for the Legal and Legal Research, Personnel and Legal Office, Organisation, Libraries, Periodicals and Press, International Transport and Cash and Accounting departments. After the amendment of the statutes of 9 June 1943, on 10 June 1943 there was also an amendment to the administrative regulations (Zeitschrift der ADR 1943, p. 37f.), in which the provisions on the treasurer's office were completely omitted and the explanations on the administration were greatly shortened. The extensive information on the administrative departments has been replaced by brief information on the division of units, which has existed for a long time. Organisation and staffing The President of the Academy possessed extensive powers - apart from his ties to the supervisory ministries. His appointment by Hitler and the honorary position, which presupposed a further office securing its holder financially, could give him weight vis-à-vis the authorities and party offices. Its founder, Dr. Hans Frank, was appointed the first President on August 1, 1934. In his memoirs "In the Face of the Gallows" he confesses that the Academy was to be an important means of shaping law for him, especially since the Reichsrechtsamt, of which he had been head since 1929 and which secured him a place in the highest party hierarchy, lost more and more of its importance in the period after the assumption of power, and the NS-Rechtswahrerbund, of which he had held the leadership since 1928, offered only little scope for influencing legislation. Frank's ideas were acknowledged when, after his assignment as Reich Commissioner for the Gleichschaltung der Justiz in den Ländern had ended, he was dismissed by Hitler on 19 March. In the letter of appointment, the Akademie für Deutsches Recht was described as an institution which enabled him "to participate in the implementation of the National Socialist ideology in all areas of law without restriction to the judiciary in the narrower sense", i.e. an expansion of the scope of duties beyond the framework of law-making into the other areas of legal life, which in this form emanating from Hitler represented an important expansion of power. Frank could thus see himself in possession of a kind of special ministry for National Socialist legal formation in competition with Gürtner's Reich Ministry of Justice. In the years up to 1939, Frank, whose ministerial office moved from his first residence at Voßstraße 5 in Berlin to the Berlin building of the Academy at Leipziger Platz 15 on July 3, 1935, remained closely involved with the work of the Academy and legal policy. His attempt in 1939 to free himself from the annoying supervision of the Reich Ministry of Justice and the Reich Ministry of the Interior, which made him dependent on Gürtner and Frick above all with regard to possible changes to the statutes, but also in financial matters, and to subordinate the Academy to his supervision as minister remained unsuccessful (BA, R 2/24103). Frank's presidency ended in August 1942, after his appointment as Governor General in Poland on 12 October 1939, when business had been conducted practically by the Deputy President. Hitler released Frank from his office as President of the Academy with a deed of August 20. It was not true, however, when Frank told his deputy Professor Emge that the reason for the dismissal was the "overcrowded and ever increasing burden" of his duties in the Generalgouvernement. On the contrary, Frank had aroused Hitler's displeasure because between 9 June and 21 July 1942 he had defended law, judicial independence, personal freedom and humanity against the police state in four speeches at the universities of Berlin, Munich and Heidelberg as well as at the Academy of Sciences in Vienna (cf. H. Weinkauff, Die deutsche Justitz und der Nationalsozialismus, 1968, p. 74, 161f.) This solo effort, which was directed primarily against Himmler and Bormann, also led to a ban on speaking and the loss of his position as Reichsrechtsführer and head of the Reichsrechtsamt, which was dissolved. This also involved a change in the office of deputy president, which had to be appointed by the president according to the statutes of 1934 and confirmed by both supervisory ministries. Frank had been represented since 1937 by Dr. Carl Emge, Professor of Philosophy of Law at the University of Berlin, after the Vice-President Privy Councillor Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Kisch, Professor of Civil Procedure and German Civil Law at the University of Munich, who had been appointed in 1933, had resigned for health reasons from his office. Emges was replaced in November 1942 by the State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Justice, Dr. Rothenberger. Whether after Rothenberger's dismissal (January 1944) his successor, Herbert Klemm, was also appointed deputy president of the academy after Rothenberger's dismissal as state secretary cannot be determined. The second organ of the Academy, besides the President, was the Presidium. Emerging from the Führerrat of the Academy provided for in the 1933 Law, it had the task of supporting and advising the President, determining the budget and carrying out the preliminary audit of the budget account. According to the administrative regulations issued in 1937, the president, his deputy, the treasurer and the head of the scientific and legal-political work belonged to him by virtue of office. For this purpose, the President could appoint further members of the Academy to the Presidium, which should meet at least once a year. In accordance with the new administrative regulations of 10 June 1943, the Reich Ministers of Justice and Home Affairs joined as new permanent members. The Reich Minister and head of the Reich Chancellery Lammers also belonged to the Presidium. The actual work of the Academy in the fields of legal policy and legal research was directed by the Head of Scientific and Legal Policy Work, who was appointed by the President from among the members and who gave guidelines and assigned tasks to the Legal Structuring and Research Departments. This office, which was particularly important for the work of the Academy after the strong use of Frank by his tasks in the Generalgouvernement, was initially held by State Secretary Freisler, later by the Deputy President. As long as the Academy was supported entirely or to a considerable extent by the voluntary donations of its supporting members, the Treasurer was of great importance. He was responsible for all financial and property management, in particular the supervision of the budget and all contracts affecting the Academy's finances. From the beginning, the function was held by a close confidant of Frank, General Director Arendt, who kept it until its abolition in 1942. However, the treasurer had already lost influence in 1939, since the Reich made an ever larger subsidy to the academy budget and its control thus became stronger and stronger. The general questions of organization, administration, and human resources of the Academy for German Law, as well as the liaison with the Reich authorities, lay with the Director of the Academy. Dr. Karl Lasch held this post from 1933 until his appointment as governor of the Radom district in 1939, after which Dr. Gaeb took over the post as deputy director of the Diplomvolkswirt, which he held until 1945. The members of the Academy were divided into different groups according to their rights and tasks. The core consisted of 300 full members, initially appointed for four years; the number was maintained in 1943, and membership was extended to 10 years. According to Frank, the limitation to a relatively small number should emphasize the elitist character of the academy and awaken an elite consciousness among its members. In addition to legal, political and economic scientists, lawyers and senior civil servants, there were also some corporate members, including the law and political science faculties of the universities, which were represented by their deans. Extraordinary members by virtue of office were the Reich Ministers of Justice and Home Affairs. Foreigners who were interested in the Academy's work and were willing and qualified to contribute to it were accepted as corresponding members. The sponsoring members should maintain the Academy financially. These were mostly commercial enterprises, some of which were actively established and were prepared to make a contribution that varied according to their financial means for the honour of formally belonging to the Academy. The disadvantage of this financing system was that it created a financial dependence on the donations and could arouse suspicion that the donors were influencing the work of the Academy. It was eliminated by prohibiting any acceptance of donations in 1942. The work of the Academy was carried out in the Departments of Legal Design and Legal Research. All ordinary members of the Academy were organised, supervised and directed by the head of scientific and legal policy work. The Legal Department, to which all full members belonged, had to bear the main burden. In numerous (up to over 70) committees which changed over the years, often divided into main, sub and special committees as well as working groups or central committees, it discussed current questions of legal policy and participated in the legislative preparations of the ministries through proposals, statements, expert opinions and drafts. At the Academy's tenth anniversary in June 1943, Thierack was able to point to a considerable number of laws in which it had played a significant role until 1941, including the German Community Code and the 1935 Wehrgesetz (Wehrgesetz - Wehrgesetz - Wehrgesetz - Wehrgesetz - Wehrgesetz - Wehrgesetz - Wehrgesetz - Wehrgesetz - Wehrgesetz - Wehrgesetz - Wehrgesetz - Wehrgesetz - Wehrgesetz - Wehrgesetz - Wehrgesetz - Wehrgesetz - Wehrgesetz - 1935, the 1937 German Civil Service and Stock Corporation Laws, the 1938 Youth Protection and Marriage Laws, the 1939 Law on the Introduction of Compulsory Insurance, and the 1939 Law on the Introduction of Legal Structure, which dealt particularly intensively with the reform of criminal law and the creation of a new People's Code. After the beginning of the war, numerous committees were suspended and, as the war lasted longer, dissolved. Nevertheless, the work did not come to a standstill. Only the emphasis shifted to all matters related to the war, e.g. air-raid protection law and, above all, nationality and international law. The relevant committees dealt in detail with issues relating to the reorganisation of the European continent, but also with maritime and land warfare and relations with the USA. At Frank's request, the Academy also took a stand on questions of German politics in the East and a reorganisation of the Generalgouvernement; it issued a secret report in January 1940: "Rechtsgestaltung deutscher Polenpolitik nach volkspolitischen Gesichtspunkten" (BA, R 61/243, Document 661-PS of the Nuremberg Trial against the Chief War Criminals). In 1942 the Academy still had 76 committees with eleven subcommittees. After all committees that had dealt with peace issues had been gradually suspended or completed their work, by the end of 1943 only committees with directly war-related tasks remained, including the committees on social security and international law. The committees involved in the drafting of the planned National Code also suspended their work, with the exception of the main committee, which only continued the necessary work. The scientific work was carried out within the Academy of German Law by the Department of Legal Research. Only scientists have been appointed to this department. Her task was to research the history, methodology and knowledge of the law and later also of the economy; she met in working groups, which were grouped into classes. First there were three classes, of which class I dealt with the study of the history and basic questions of law, class II with the study of the law of "people and empire" and class III with the study of the "people's federal" legal life. Each class was headed by a class leader. The management was carried out by a class secretary. The offices were initially filled as follows: Class I: Chairman: Prof. Dr. Heymann, Secretary: Prof. Dr. Felgentraeger Class II: Chairman: Prof. Dr. von Freytag-Loringhoven, Secretary: Prof. Dr. Weber Class III: Chairman: Prof. Dr. Weber Dr. Hedemann, Secretary: Prof. Dr. Lange After the war began, there were only class secretaries left, namely for Class I Prof. Dr. Heymann, for Class II Prof. Dr. Gleispach, for Class III Prof. Dr. Hueck. The Department for Legal Research published the series of publications, the working reports and the yearbook of the Academy for German Law and from 1941 also "Das deutsche Rechtsschrifttum". She was also in charge of the quarterly "Deutsche Rechtswissenschaft" and the collection of non-German penal codes. Within the framework of the department there was a committee for the examination of the law study regulations, which in 1939 presented its results to the Reich Ministry for Science, Education and People's Education. In 1940 a fourth class came into being with increasing importance of economic questions, which was responsible for the research of the "national economy" and which was to make the results of economic science accessible to the authorities and offices for the execution of practical tasks. In August 1944, on the instructions of the President, the work of the remaining committees and working groups was discontinued "for the further duration of the war" as well as the promotion of the individual members of special research commissions (letter from Thierack to Lammers of 12 August 1944, BA, R 43 II/1510a). The Academy maintained close contact with foreign countries through its corresponding members. Visits by foreign scientists, students, but also politicians were frequent. In addition, the German sections of various foreign institutions were affiliated to it. On the other hand, efforts were made to expand the Academy's sphere of influence by establishing new companies or maintaining close contact with existing companies in Germany. For the work abroad, there was a separate department in the administration of the Academy, which looked after the associations; as far as purely German organisations were concerned, the support was provided by the specialist departments of the Legal Structuring Department. In the period of its existence the following associations were affiliated to the Academy of German Law: 1. German Section of the International Institute of Administrative Sciences 2. German National Group of the International Law Association 3. German Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property and Copyright 4. International Association for Financial and Tax Law 5. German Society for Financial and Tax Law 6. German Society for Prisoners (affiliated since 1935) 7. Society for Legal and Political Sciences in Vienna 8th Society for German Criminal Law 9th Working Groups: a) for the German-Bulgarian legal relations b) for the German-Italian legal relations c) for the German-Polish legal relations (until 1939) d) for the German-Hungarian legal relations Library and Publications The establishment of a reference library for academics working in the Academy began early on. It was Frank's aim to develop this library into a central collection point for all important legal literature and related areas. The basis was the purchase of the library of the legal historian Prof. Karl von Amira, who died in 1930; later the library of the Munich jurist Prof. Konrad Beyerle was also acquired. Further accesses from various sources, mostly through taxes from authorities (e.g. the library of the former R e i c h s k o l o n i a l a m t , the duplicate holdings of the R e i c h s c h s a r k a m e in Potsdam as well as duplicates of foreign law collections and periodicals from the R e i c h s t a g s a l bibliothek) brought the holdings to around 60,000 publications by 1937. Although the library was primarily intended to serve the Academy, it was basically open to any qualified interested party. An "archive" was attached to the library, which, on Frank's instructions, created 1. a "card index of Jewish legal authors", which "eradicated Jewish literature from the library or from the library". The aim was to remove the works of Jewish authors from all public libraries or libraries serving study purposes and to transfer them to their own departments "which were to indicate the activities of the Jews and the Jewish people"; 2. to edit a card index of general legal writers by author and by work. In addition, a collection of portraits of lawyers, a collection of press clippings on the topics "Law in the Press" and "Academy in the Press" as well as a collection of journal articles from the entire body of jurisprudential literature were in the works. The first library director, Utschlag, also designed a large exhibition on legal history and law in general, which the Academy organized in conjunction with the Faculty of Law of the University of Munich on the occasion of the 1936 Annual Conference in Munich under the title "Das Recht" (The Law). The journal of the Akademie für Deutsches Recht, founded in 1934, provided information on the ongoing work of the Academy and on current legal issues. It was initially supervised by the Academy's own office for writing and finally transferred to the C-H. Becksche Verlagsbuchhandlung in 1937, where it was published until 1944. In addition to detailed reports on the representative events of the Academy (often also as special supplements or commemorative editions), it produced essays, news on organisational changes and the activities of the Academy's working committees, as well as book reviews. In addition, the journal published court decisions of a fundamental nature from 1935 onwards. The decisions were forwarded to the Academy by the courts via the Reich Ministry of Justice. The President acted as editor, the main editor was initially Director Dr. Lasch, then Kammergerichtsrat Dr. Lauterbacher. From 1 January 1939, Deutsche Rechtswissenschaft was published quarterly as the second journal. With the consent of the Reich Minister for Science, Education and Popular Learning, it was transferred from the previous editor Prof. Dr. Karl August Eckhardt to the Department of Legal Research. They brought treatises, contributions and book reviews. The Academy also published the Zeitschrift für Wehrrecht and was involved in the publication of the Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für gewerblichen Rechtsschutz, the Zeitschrift für vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft, the Blätter für Gefängniskunde and the Gerichtssaal. The yearbook of the Academy for German Law should give an overview of the work within one year. It was also published by the President and in its first editions offered a good overview of the most important events in the Academy and its committee work, while later larger treatises on individual issues predominated. In the first years, detailed information on the committee's activities could be obtained from the work reports, which were produced in small print runs using the transfer printing process and were intended only for the confidential information of party offices and authorities and were not to be circulated further. In addition, there was another - public - series of working reports of the Academy for German Law, in which the chairmen published the results of their committees. For more extensive scholarly work that had emerged from the Academy, the series was to serve the Akademie für Deutsches Recht, of which about 80 volumes were published; it was divided into individual groups according to subject areas. Finally, the Academy continued the collection of non-German penal codes organized by the editor of the Zeitschrift für die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft and published individual writings on special occasions, e.g. on the occasion of the opening of the House of German Law. Financing and assets In his memoirs of 1946, Frank emphasized the financing of the Academy for German Law, which was independent of the "Reich, State, and Party," with which he had hoped to preserve the actual non-partisanship of his institute. In fact, in the first years of its existence, the Academy was almost entirely maintained by donations from third parties, the supporting members, which included both private individuals and business enterprises. The Reichsjustizministerium had also made its approval of the transfer to the Reich dependent on the academy having to carry itself. In the accounting year 1935/36, donations reached the record level of over 1 million RM, and in 1936, 70 donors raised just over 500,000 RM. This was sufficient to cover the expenses, especially since the Reich Ministry for Science, Education and Popular Education had made available a one-time sum of 250,000 RM for the promotion of scientific work. On the other hand, already in 1937, despite a donation volume of almost 700,000 RM by 94 donors, there was a shortfall which had to be covered by donations for the accounting year 1938. In March 1938, General Director Arendts, the Treasurer of the Academy, declared in a meeting with the responsible adviser of the Reich Ministry of Finance, in which also Director Lasch took part, "that the Academy would strive for its entire budget of about 750 - 800,000 RM to be gradually fully supported by contributions from the Reich over the course of about three years," and justified this with the "aim of developing it into a legislative institution of the Reich. In its audit report for the years 1936-1937 of 24 March 1939, the Court of Audit of the German Reich also took the view that a continuation of the previous method of financing was not compatible with the reputation of the Reich; it was the duty of the Reich to "place the financing of the tasks on a sound basis" (BA, R 2/24103). This became indispensable after the Reich Minister of the Interior, in agreement with the deputy Führer, finally rejected a collection permit for the Academy in July 1939 on the basis of the Collection Act of 5 November 1934. This also meant that advertising had to be discontinued for which the company had used its own advertising specialist. In the accounting year 1939/40, the donations fell to 290,000 RM, and for the first time a subsidy from the Reich of about 480,000 RM was granted towards the running costs, so that these were now predominantly borne by the Reich. Although in 1940/41 the income from donations increased again somewhat, the donations already received for 1942 were transferred to the Dankspendenstiftung des Deutschen Volkes on Thierack's instructions. The Academy for German Law was now financed entirely from the Reich's budget. The Akademie für Deutsches Recht used considerable financial resources to provide representative accommodation. On 6 June 1935, the Lachmann-Mosse trust administration acquired the house and property at Leipziger Platz 15 from a foreclosure sale for the Berlin office at a price of RM 1.25 million. Of the purchase amount, one million RM was raised by eight mortgages of a group of insurance institutions, for which the Reich took over the interest and redemption service at the expense of the budget of the Reich Ministry of Justice; this was the reason for the amendment of the statutes that, in the event of the dissolution of the Academy, its assets would fall to the Reich. The annual contribution to be paid by the Reich was 50,000 RM for a period of 25 years. The remaining purchase price of 250,000 RM was to be paid interest-free in five annual instalments of 50,000 RM, which were to be raised from donations. Much more elaborate was the construction of a "House of German Law" at the Academy's headquarters in Munich. The first plans from January to June 1936 provided for three components, for which over 5.3 million RM were estimated. In the course of the negotiations, the mammoth project shrank to two construction phases. On October 24, 1936, on the occasion of the second annual conference of the Academy, Reichsminister Rust laid the foundation stone for Building I, front building and reading hall. The costs were to amount to RM 2,2 million, raised by a loan from the Reich Insurance Institution for Employees, the interest and repayment service of which was taken over by the Reich. Already on 31 October 1937 the academy could celebrate the topping-out ceremony, on 13 May 1939 the opening of the building unit I. The former Max-Joseph-Stift, which was to be renovated and extended by a festival hall, was acquired as Building II for a price of more than RM 1.3 million; in June 1938, the Reichsversicherungsanstalt took out a further loan of RM 2.2 million, the remainder of which was frozen at RM 900,000, however, when construction work was stopped after the outbreak of the war. Administration and registry The administrative apparatus of the Academy gradually developed from July 1934. Initially, most of the service operations were carried out in the Berlin office building; in addition, there was a small office mainly for the construction of the planned extensive library at the headquarters in Munich. It was only after the completion of Building I of the House of German Law in 1939 that the construction of a larger, structured office began, the management of which was placed in the hands of a speaker of its own. According to the rules of procedure, which the Academy submitted to the Reich Ministry of Justice in September 1935 (BA, R 22/198), the administration was divided into departments, headed by a speaker, assisted by an assistant. The speakers were assessors or younger officials on leave in the starting positions of their careers, provided they had knowledge of economics. The president used a presidential chancellery as his personal office. The management of the entire service operation was the responsibility of the Director of the Academy, who had a personal consultant at his disposal. The Director was also in charge of the Organisation Division, which was responsible for the preparation and implementation of the events. The office service was headed by a personnel officer who, in addition to personnel processing, was also in charge of registry and law offices, house and property administration as well as budget monitoring tasks. Other speakers assisted the committee chairmen of the Legal Department, generally one for four committees. In contrast, only assistants were assigned to the secretaries of the three research classes. For the entire financial and asset management, the preparation of the budget, the cash and bookkeeping, accounting, for the conclusion of contracts and the remaining budget management, the treasurer provided the necessary forces free of charge with the exception of an advertising expert and an assistant. The foreign department, which in addition to maintaining foreign contacts also supervised foreign publications, the exchange of journals and literature and the management of the affiliated international societies and associations, was relatively well staffed with a speaker and his deputy, a scientific assistant, an interpreter and a (part-time) unskilled worker for Slavic languages. The administrative regulations of the Academy of 1937 combined the previous organizational forms into nine administrative offices, which in January 1938 comprised one to seven departments, depending on the area of responsibility. These units corresponded to the previous departments. The most extensive was the Administrative Office for Legal Structuring with seven units (I - VII). The administrative office for magazines and press had two (X, XI), the others (legal research, libraries and international transport) had only one each (VIII, IX, XII), as did the administrative offices for cash and accounting (XIV), organisation (XV) and human resources and law firms (XIII), which, however, were also grouped under a central unit. In addition, there was a unit XVI (Legal Office) as the "Legal Office of the ADR". This organization continued to exist in principle even during the war, but with the resulting drastic personnel restrictions, which in the beginning practically paralyzed the entire academy apparatus, but later allowed it to remain in operation. After the closure of the Academy's work, whose offices were moved to the Reich Ministry of Justice building at Wilhelmstraße 65 on 10 January 1944, most of the staff was released at the end of 1944, but parts (finance) continued to work until March 1945. The files produced during the Academy's activities were initially kept in so-called departmental registries, i.e. the written records of the individual speakers. It was not until 1938 that the at least partial compilation of the written material produced so far began in a central registry. The consultant responsible for the law firm was in charge of the execution. At first, the registry business of the Legal Department was taken over, later that of the main administrative office (without the personnel files). The Department of Legal Research initially refrained from handing over its records to the Central Registry. The registry of the foreign department remained independent. Nothing significant could be ascertained about later changes in the registry system. During the establishment of the House of German Law in Munich, a registry was also set up there. It is certain that since the merger of the registries in 1938 the corresponding files have been filed according to a uniform and systematically structured file plan. As of 1940, this plan (BA, R 61/34) comprised seven main areas divided into three groups and sub-groups. The file plan was structured according to the decimal system with four-digit digits, to which an additional digit and a year could be added by slash if necessary. In addition to the documents produced in the course of administrative activities, an extensive complex of documents, characteristic of the Academy and its work, has emerged in the form of minutes of meetings of the committees and other specialist bodies, some of which are based on extensive stenographic notes. Copies were kept in the registry and in the "archive" of the magazines and press department. They form the most important part of the stock. Timetable on the history of the Academy 1933 June 26 Constitution in the Bavarian Ministry of Justice September 22 Granting of the rights of a public corporation in Bavaria by Bavarian law October 2 Ceremonial proclamation of the Academy for German Law at the German Lawyers' Day in Leipzig November 5 1st 1st plenary session in Berlin 1934 January 1st opening of the Berlin offices January 29th 2nd plenary session March 17th 3rd plenary session May 26th founding of the journal of the Academy for German Law 26th founding of the journal of the Academy for German Law in Berlin June 1st Annual Meeting in Munich, at the same time 4th plenary session July 11 elevation to public corporation of the Reich by Reich Law August 9 appointment of Dr. Hans Frank, former leader of the Academy, as President November 13 5th plenary session in Berlin November 18-22 trip to Bulgaria Frank December 19 appointment of Frank as Reich Minister without portfolio 1935 February 27 6th plenary session June 26-28 2nd Annual Meeting with ceremony in the presence of Hitler, at the same time session 21 August Celebratory session on the occasion of the XI International Congress on Criminal Law and Prison Law, also 8th plenary session 15 October Inauguration of the building in Berlin, Leipziger Platz 15 16 October Amendment to the Statutes 30 November 9 plenary session 1936 28 February 10 plenary session 12-17 March Poland trip Frank at the invitation of the University of Warsaw 2-8 April Visit Frank to Rome 2 June Celebratory session on the occasion of the International Congress on Industrial Property 21-24 October 3rd Annual Meeting, also 11th plenary session May 17 Opening of the Chair of German Law at the University of Sofia by Director Lasch June 19 Constituting the Department of Legal Research of the Academy of German Law (with 1st class session) October 28-31 4th 4th Annual Meeting in Munich, also 13th plenary session and event of the Association of Foreign Friends of the Academy of German Law 2nd Annual Meeting in Munich, at the same time 13th plenary session and event of the Association of Foreign Friends of the Academy of German Law at the University of Sofia. November Foundation of the Association for German-Italian Legal Relations December Competition: "State and Party in Italy" 1938 1 June Opening of a series of guest lectures at the University of Vienna 16-18 June 5th Annual Conference in Munich, at the same time 14th Plenary Session 1939 13 May Inauguration of the House of German Law July Prohibition on further donations 12 October Appointment of Frank as Governor General for the Occupied Polish Territories 13 October Appointment of Director Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Lasch becomes district governor in Radom and is represented by Dr. Gaeb 1940 10 January Establishment of the IV class (research of the national economy) in the Department of Legal Research 22-24 November 7th Annual Conference in Munich with plenary session 1942 9. June to July 21 Speeches by Frank in Berlin, Vienna, Munich and Heidelberg against the police state August 20 Dismissal of Frank as President and Appointment of the Reich Minister of Justice Dr. Thierack October Resignation of the Deputy President Prof. Dr. Emge 3. November State Secretary Dr. Rothenberger appointed Deputy President 1943 9 June Announcement of a new constitution of the Academy for German Law 1944 10-12 January Transfer of the Berlin office to the Reich Ministry of Justice 12 August Closure of all legal-political and scholarly work Inventory description: Inventory history Like many of the holdings of the Federal Archives, the documents of the Academy for German Law are only incompletely handed down and divided as a result of war losses. The division began as early as 1943, when the two offices moved files, books and inventory to smaller towns in the area to protect them from air raids, the Munich office to Altötting, Griesbach and Wegscheid (district court), the Berlin offices primarily to the Feldberg (Mecklenburg), Havelberg, Prenzlau, Zehdenick and probably also Templin storage sites also used by the Reich Ministry of Justice, and the Cochem Castle. Some of the files removed from Berlin were confiscated by Russian troops. Since 1957 they have been in the Central State Archives in Potsdam, where they formed the holdings 30.13 (Overview of the holdings of the German Central Archives 1957, p. 86). This had a volume of 155 volumes from the period 1933-1942, 33 of which refer to the activities of the committees and 31 of which apparently originate from the foreign department of the Academy; the holdings include files of the Association for the Improvement of Prisoners (25 volumes) and the German Society for Prison Science. In the hands of American troops fell, in addition to Munich files, the documents still available in the Berlin office at the end of the war, as well as files that had apparently still been brought from Zehdenick to Thuringia in 1945. Most of this stock was transferred via the Ministerial Collecting Center near Kassel to the World War II Records Division of the American National Archives in Alexandria, Va., where it formed the Record Group 1036 with other German documents. A smaller part was handed over to the Federal Ministry of Justice at the beginning of the 1950s, and the file of lawyers and economists remained with a branch of the US Army in Germany. In Alexandria the files were filmed in 1958 by the American Historical Association and described in 1959 in volume 6 of the Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, Va., pp. 14-27. In 1960 this part of the collection was transferred to the Federal Archives, which in 1962 was also able to take over the remaining files from the Federal Ministry of Justice and the aforementioned index. In a final return, the Federal Archives received documents from the Academy in 1973 from the Library of Congress, Washington D.C. Some files of the Committee for German-Italian Legal Relations had been transferred to the Institut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie in Amsterdam after the end of the war; they were also made available to the Federal Archives by the latter in 1974 for further completion of the R 61 collection, which had meanwhile been formed from the existing files. Finally, the Institute for Contemporary History, Munich, which had been able to acquire some of the copies of the minutes of the committee meetings collected in Munich and the reference files of the ordinary professor Dr. jur. Hermann Krause (1939-1944 member of the main committee of the academy), also left its documents to the Federal Archives; and in March 1976, it was able to acquire the reference files of Reg. Dir. a.D. and then member of the board of Deutsche Centralbodenkredit AG, Oesterlink, member of the Mortgage Legal Committee of the Academy, will close a lore gap in this area. Thus all surviving traditions of the Academy for German Law outside the GDR were probably brought together in inventory R 61. In 1990, the part of the archive that had been preserved in the Central State Archives of the GDR was merged with R 61. Archivische Bewertung und Bearbeitung (only old stock R 61, without ZStA 30.13) The written material of the Akademie für Deutsches Recht consists essentially of two parts which are already clearly separated from each other. In addition to an extensive collection of factual and correspondence files, the "Archive" of the Press and Periodicals Office contains a considerable part of the collection of minutes and minutes of meetings, some of which can also be found in the files of the Legal Department. From 1938, with a few exceptions, the Academy's documents were filed in a central registry according to a systematic file plan. The filing was done chronologically from bottom to top, but was often disturbed afterwards. In order to eliminate the - often severe - irregularities and to improve the usability of the holdings, all subject units and individual processes were placed in an official filing system (from top to bottom) when the holdings in the Federal Archives were organized and listed in 1967, and torn file units were reunited in the process. Loose written material was reformed after factual matters. The files are therefore no longer in the same condition as they were when they were filmed in the USA, so that an identity between the volumes with the American signatures ADR 1 to ADR 238, some of which also referred to documents of other provenances, and the volumes signed in the Federal Archives exists only rarely; as far as possible, however, the corresponding American signatures were noted, and in addition the concordance between the signatures of the Federal Archives and the role designations of the microfilm T-82 (below pp. 87-90) makes a comparison possible. Cassations were primarily carried out in subject groups, most of which have been preserved in their entirety in the Federal Archives. In addition to the removal of numerous duplicates, administrative documents in particular were freed from all insignificant correspondence. Most of the submissions to committees on private legal matters of no general importance were also largely destroyed. Since the records and minutes were originally also available in the registry of the Academy, the reorganization of the status quo, which is not, moreover, based on the old file plan scheme, attempted to restore the old unit of records and minutes of the individual committees and other working bodies of the Academy of German Law as far as possible, whereby the internal "provenance" (registry or "archive") in the file directory is expressed only by the old signature. The records filed in the registry shall bear the letter "P" in front of the file number, unless they are in correspondence, and the "archive" copies shall not bear a signature. In order to indicate the separation of the holdings into the partial provenances of Berlin and Munich, the place of origin has also been entered in the Remarks column, as far as determined. In addition, the structure of the holdings in simplified form is based on the structure of the Academy. Content characterisation: Part 1 (formerly: ZStA, 30.13): Legal bases, organisation, service administration, librarianship and Veröffentli‧chungen 1933-1945 (68), Jurisprudence - Department of Legal Research 1936-1945 (47), Legal Policy - Department of Legal Structuring General committee files 1935-1943 (6), individual committees 1933-1944 (365) Part 2 (formerly: BArch, R 61): Committees 1933-1940 (36), foreign countries 1934-1942 (34), international congresses, conferences 1935-1941 (16), journal of the Academy for German Law 1935-1939 (10), Sitzungsan‧gelegenheiten, invitations, minutes 1935-1939 (7), reference files, internals, individual items 1934-1944 (26), association for the improvement of prisoners 1934-1942 (26), German Ge‧sellschaft for prison science 1927-1939 (7) state of development: Publication Findbuch: Werhan, Walter; Fensch, Elsa: Akademie für Deutsches Recht (fonds R 61) (Findbücher zu Bestände des Bundesarchivs, Bd. 9), 2nd up, Koblenz 1976; find card index citation method: BArch, R 61/...
The Order of St John, which came into being with the crusade movement at the end of the 11th century, fell victim to secularisation at the beginning of the 19th century, as did all religious institutions. The German Grand Priory in Heitersheim (in the Breisgau region) was dissolved in 1805/6 with its subordinates, including those in the new Grand Duchy of Baden and the Kingdom of Württemberg. The Brandenburg Bailiwick, which since the 14th century enjoyed a special position within the Grand Priorate of Germany strengthened by the conversion to Protestantism around 1540, was not secularised until 1811, but remained in existence in the form of an Order of Merit for persons of Protestant and Russian Orthodox denomination who deserved to serve the Prussian king, the royal house and the monarchy. In 1852 King Friedrich Wilhalm IV of Prussia restored the Ballei Brandenburg of the Order of St. John. The initiative for the revival of the Order and for the foundation of "cooperatives" in the Prussian provinces and in southern Germany also proceeded from it. The development in Württemberg was concluded in June 1858 with the award of corporate law, i.e. the status of a legal entity, to the "Cooperative of Knights of the Bailiwick Brandenburg of the Order of St John of Wuerttemberg in the Kingdom of Württemberg" residing in Stuttgart. It was joined by knights from Baden and - until the foundation of a cooperative society in the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1888 - also by Bavarian knights. There was no intention to found a cooperative of its own for Baden several times, so in 1906 the cooperative was renamed "Württembergisch-Badensche Genossenschaft des Johanniterordens". Since 1978 it has been called "Baden-Württembergische Kommende des Johanniterordens". It was originally a legal person by royal Württemberg sovereign act and is now a non-profit registered association of civil law. The Baden-Württemberg Kommende of the Order of St John is subordinated to the Ballei Brandenburg, which is subdivided into a total of 20 cooperatives or Kommende. At the head of the Order, which also includes Johanniter groups in Belgium, Austria, the USA and South Africa, is the Master of Masters, who is elected by the Chapter, the supreme decision-making body. His deputy is the governor of the order. The members of the order are classified as honorary knights, legal knights, commentators, honorary comedians or honorary members, depending on their activity or their probation. The Baden-Württemberg Kommende is headed by a "Governing Commentator", who exercises his office together with the board (convention) of the cooperative. On the knight days, which are held annually, pending questions are discussed. As tasks of the order the statute of the Ballei Brandenburg of 24.6.1853, also binding for the Württemberg cooperative, specifies above all the "defence of the Christian religion in particular of the Protestant confession", the "fight against unbelief", as well as the "service and (the) care of the sick" as tasks of the order. An expansion of the tasks took place with the statute of the Baden-Württembergische Kommende of 30 September 1978 § 2 (2): "The purpose of the association is the promotion of the general public through care and assistance for the sick, the elderly, the physically and economically weak, as well as young people and children. The Association carries out this activity in hospitals, old people's homes and other social institutions, as well as through affiliated working and auxiliary communities. In times of external and internal danger, the Association is particularly dedicated to "the wounded, the sick and other injured". In addition to their historically founded, intensive diaconal commitment, the Kommende is characterised by a pronounced cultural commitment. It is supported by three pillars: the archive, the library and the museum. The Archive of the Order has been located in the Main State Archive in Stuttgart since 1969. The Johanniter Library was founded after World War II. It contains valuable bibliophile works from six centuries, especially from the history of the order. Since 2007, the library has been housed as a deposit in the Badische Landesbibliothek Karlsruhe. The Johanniter Museum Krautheim a. d. Jagst is a joint institution of the town and the Kommende. The historical building, which was originally owned by the Order of St John and then by the Teutonic Order, now belongs to the city, the exhibits of the Kommende. The museum was opened in 1978 and was given a new appearance in 2006 on the occasion of the 700th anniversary of the city. The Commentators of the Baden-Württemberg Commentaries: 1858-1868 Frhr. Wilhelm vom Holtz 1868-1888 Graf Wilhelm von Taubenheim 1888-1908 Prince Hermann zu Hohenlohe.Langenburg 1908-1947 Prince Ernst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg 1948-1952 Wilhelm Volrad von Rauchhaupt 1952-1958 Rudolf von Bünau 1958-1960 Prince Gottfried zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg 1960-1961 Wilhelm Volrad von Rauchhaupt 1961-1973 Frhr. Reinhard von Gemmingen-Hornberg since 1973 Knight Friedrich von Molo Content and evaluation History, order and indexing of the holdings The tradition of the Baden-Württemberg Commendary of the Order of St John is kept in the Main State Archives in Stuttgart as a deposit. For the documents received in 1969, there is already a completed find book available which was produced in 1970 by the inspector candidate Renate Pruschek. The since then existing taxes of June 1983, May 1984, August and September 1988, which were made by the Commentator of the Baden-Württembergische Kommende Friedrich Ritter von Molo and by the Hohenlohe-Zentralarchiv Neuenstein, have been combined to a partial stock and are indexed in the present find book. The recording initially took place as part of the training of the archive inspector candidates Corinna Pfisterer, Regina Keyler, Bettina Herrmann under the guidance of archive assessor Dr. Peter Schiffer from July to September 1988. From October 1988 to March 1989, archive inspector Sabine Schnell, among others, made the remaining title recordings and carried out the final work. Since the stock was recorded by several editors, it was not always possible to design the title recordings uniformly. A pre-archival order of the files is not recognizable, therefore the structure of the find book of Pruschek served as basis for the present find book. However, a modification was necessary. In order to avoid overlaps in the order numbers, order number 401 was used for the distortion of the present partial stock. In particular, the inventory contains files on the organisation and administration of the cooperative. Insights into the tasks of the cooperative are rather provided by the publications and journals received, the existing books provide information above all about the general history of the order. Personal documents of the commentators on membership and function in the Order remained in the private estates of the Hohenlohe Central Archives in Neuenstein. The listed documents have a total duration from (1714-1719) 1853 to 1987. Since the stock is property of the Johanniterorden, no cassations were made. The partial stock P 7/2 comprises 293 units with 8.3 m running time. The finding aid was created with the help of data processing on the basis of the MIDOSA program package of the State Archive Administration of Baden-Württemberg.
History of the Inventory Designer: 27.04.1850 - 20.12.1921, Generaloberst Description of the Inventory: Generaloberst Unterlagen, u.a. (documents, etc.) as chief of the engineering and pioneer corps and general inspector of the fortresses (1904-1914), as commander-in-chief of the siege army off Antwerp in 1914 and as governor general in Warsaw (1915-1918); memorandums and correspondence; books; albums; pictures; periodicals Life data: 1850-1921 BB: Private things are to be excluded from publication (ask head of MA) State of development: Special conditions of use Citation method: BArch, N 30/...
- on the history of the central management: The founding meeting of the central management of the charitable association took place on 29 December 1816 in the old castle in Stuttgart. Queen Katharina called together a circle of distinguished men and women to communicate her plan for a "charity society", drawn up with the permission of her husband, King Wilhelm I. After further meetings, the central management of the charity was constituted on 6 Jan 1817, approved by royal decree the following day, and the first public call for the formation of local and regional authorities was made. The new institution grew out of an older root. Already in 1805 a "private society of voluntary friends of the poor" had come together in Stuttgart, which wanted to alleviate the plight of the poor in the city by providing public food and employment. But in the inflation of 1816/17 their strength was by far not sufficient. On the one hand, the population in the flat countryside suffered, on the other hand, the society itself in the city of Stuttgart could only inadequately fulfil its self-imposed task. The members of the central administration were appointed and appointed by the queen, after her death by the king; they were active in an honorary capacity and were supposed to represent all strata of the population. The direct leadership had been reserved for the Queen; her deputy in the chair and her successor as president of the central leadership was Privy Councillor August von Hartmann (1819-1847). The office rooms were provided by the state and the reporters and civil servants were paid from the state treasury. The accounts were therefore subject to State control. Central management was not a government agency. As a special institution under the king's control, it was nevertheless able - in accordance with the queen's wishes - to make far-reaching decisions quickly and found the necessary support from the state administrative authorities during its implementation. It was active in the country through the "District Charity Associations", which were formed in the upper districts from the heads of the church and secular administration and in some cases also through "Local Charity Associations" in individual towns. In the city of Stuttgart, the "Lokalwohltätigkeitverein" (local charity association), which emerged from the "Privatgesellschaft" (private company), took over the tasks of a district charity association (see F 240/1), while a separate district charity association was set up at the Stuttgart office - as was the case with other higher offices. In addition to providing the population with food and clothing in years of need, the fight against beggars on the one hand and job creation on the other formed the focal points of their activities. To stimulate savings activity, the "Württembergische Sparkasse in Stuttgart" was founded with an announcement dated 12 May 1818, the supreme supervision of which was transferred to the central management (see portfolio E 193). On 16.5.1818 the "Royal Army Commission" (see fonds E 192) was established as a collegial state authority to carry out state tasks in the promotion of the poor and the economy. Practically only members of the central management belonged to it, so that a very close personal dovetailing with this was given. The central management not only wanted to eliminate current emergencies, but also to get to the root of the problem. For example, industrial and work schools have already been set up for children in order to promote diligence and manual skills through straw and wood work, to prevent neglect and to help them earn some money. In 1849, these existed in 99 towns of Württemberg and employed 6400 children. Vocational training for the next age group was promoted with apprenticeship contributions. Emergency shelters were built for girls at risk, sick and hard-to-reach people were supported in institutions and homes, trade and commerce were supported with loans. In cooperation with the Central Office for Trade and Commerce, the central management (see inventory E 170) introduced new branches of work into the Württemberg economy and promoted the sale of its products. Since 1823, the impoverished communities have been given targeted help in the form of a special state aid and improvement plan; the implementation of these measures was the responsibility of the Armenkommission. Since the middle of the 19th century, the fight against the consequences of natural disasters and war emergencies, as well as disease control, has slowly come to the fore of the central management's activities. The necessary funds were raised from collections and annual state contributions and have been held in an emergency fund since about 1895. In the time of crisis during and after the First World War, the central management used all means at its disposal to help steer the need. At the same time it was the office of the National Committee for War Invalidity Welfare, the National Foundation for the Survivors and the National Office for Homeworking Unemployed Women, organised large collections of money for the benefit of children's, middle-class, old-age and homeland emergency aid and managed the distribution of donations from foreign relief organisations in cooperation with the district charity associations. In addition, she conducted the business for social charitable associations and for national collections, in particular for the Landesverband für Säuglingsschutz und Jugendfürsorge, the Verein für entlase Strafgefangene, the Heimatnothilfe, the Künstlerhilfe and took over the tasks of numerous welfare associations and foundations that had entered into the inflation period (see For more than a century, the central management of the charitable association was and remained the switchboard for welfare work in Württemberg. The central management has always been in close contact with the institutions and associations and has turned its special attention to them by giving suggestions or making significant contributions to numerous foundations. She promoted them by regular contributions and helped by advice, especially in financial terms. The "Blätter für Wohltätigkeit in Württemberg", today "Blätter der Wohlfahrtspflege", published since 1848, spread far beyond the immediate sphere of activity of the central management, but with the expansion of the state tasks the central management gradually lost its independent position. In 1921 it became an institution under public law under the supervision of the Ministry of the Interior and was now called "Central Management for Charity". During the National Socialist era it was renamed "Zentralleitung für das Stiftungs- und Anstaltswesen" (Central Management for Foundations and Institutions), with corresponding restrictions on its scope of duties, since the "National Socialist People's Welfare Office" reserved for itself the more popular areas, in particular emergency aid ("Winterhilfswerk"). After the end of the 2nd World War, the scope of the central management was expanded again and its sphere of activity extended to the former Prussian administrative district of Hohenzollern. But it could no longer attain its former significance. In 1957 it became the "Landeswohlfahrtswerk für Baden-Württemberg" in the form of a foundation under civil law with its registered office in Stuttgart, Falkertstr. 29. 2. On the history of the registry: the first office of the central management of the charitable association was established in the summer of 1817 in the old castle in Stuttgart, in the same place where the constituent meeting of the central management had taken place on 6 January of the same year. The Chancellery, which was also responsible for the business of the agricultural central office, was run from 1817 to 1857 by Regierungsrat Schmidlin as secretary. In 1820 the Chancellery rooms were moved from the Old Palace to the Ministerial Building of Foreign Affairs. In the end, this had an unfavorable effect on the management of the registry and constantly forced compromises to be made. In 1825, 1837 and 1846 Schmidlin had lists drawn up of the files kept in the registry of the Central Management and the Army Commission. The files of both bodies were kept together. The special files (Aalen to Welzheim) were filed in subjects 1 - 66, the general files in subjects 67 - 84. The list of 1837 contains in contrast to the list of 1825, which only describes the general files, also a list of the existing special files and in the appendix a list of the 15 file fascicles handed over in December 1838 by Geh. Rat von Hartmann from the estate of Queen Katharina to the registry of the central administration. Unfortunately, the 1846 directory is no longer available. The connection between the offices of the central management of the charity association and the central office of the agricultural association (with separate registries), which had existed since 1817, was dissolved in 1850 with the transfer of the latter to the Legion barracks, when a second registry was formed for the latter on the occasion of the internal separation of the central management and the Army Commission in 1855; copyist Rieger had great difficulty in dividing up the files and ordering both registries. Due to the close interdependence of the Central Management and the Armed Commission - the members of the Armed Commission were all members of the Central Management - however, a strict separation was not always necessary at that time (and also with the new indexing 1977 to 1979, see E 191 and E 192).1856 In 1857 Chancellor Keller, successor of Secretary Schmidlin in the chancellery, expanded Schmidlin's file plan to accommodate the rapidly growing registry, whereby in particular the various matters previously united under general headings were separated. In the special files, subjects 1 - 66 increased by six to 72, so that the general files were now distributed among 73 - 114 instead of subjects 67 - 84. The files, which were stored in confined spaces in various rooms, could be found quickly on the basis of a central management file directory produced by Keller around 1860 and supplemented up to the beginning of the 20th century, which lists the file subjects in alphabetical order with fan descriptions. Secretary Kuhn undertook a comprehensive reorganization of the registry in 1874. On the one hand, he eliminated 403 file fascicles, mainly local files, for the old registry, which had been completed in 1877, and on the other hand he systematically structured the remaining registry files, leaving out the old subject classification. Obviously this new plan did not come to fruition due to a chronic lack of space, which the Secretariat complained about in a note dated 10 Dec. 1896 to the Ministry of Finance and asked for new premises to be provided. As a result of the sale of the entire property, these offices had to be vacated in 1906; since no suitable state building was available, the private house Furtbachstraße No. 16 was rented. Probably with regard to the move into the house Furtbachstraße, secretary Kuhn designed around 1903 in a modified form a new registry order, which was also then applied in practice. On 26 June 1914 the central administration finally moved into the house at Falkertstraße 29, which it had acquired from the estate of the Kommerzienrat von Pflaum and set up for its purposes. The new accommodation had a favourable effect on the registry conditions insofar as more extensive file accesses could be accommodated in the subsequent period. These were above all the files of numerous associations dissolved as a result of inflation, as well as files from the management of the Central Management for Social Charitable Associations, committees and large relief actions in the emergency years between the two world wars. The storage of these files took place in loose connection with the remaining files. Around 1936, a provisional list of files ("registry plan") was created for the files of the NS-Volkswohlfahrt (National Socialist People's Welfare) with the inclusion of newer files of the central administration. Archival documents on the history of the registry see E 191 Rubr. III 1c Büschel 4532 (offices) and Büschel 4533 (tools). 3. to the order and distortion of the stock: The old files of the central management were handed over to the Ludwigsburg State Archives by the Landeswohlfahrtswerk in 1968 and 1976. In 1976, individual books and periodicals were placed in the service library of the archive from the outset. State Archives Director Dr. Robert Uhland began in 1968 to organize and record the files and volumes, but was already stuck in the early days with this work because of other obligations. As part of a research contract with the support of the Volkswagenwerk Foundation, the holdings were then transferred from 1977 to 1979 under the direction of Senior State Archives Councillor Dr. Wolfgang Schmierer by the scientific director of the Volkswagenwerk Foundation. Employees Dr. Hans Ewald Kessler in cooperation with the archive employees Erwin Biemann and Helga Hecht. The final works, which included the inventory classification and revision of the title records, were carried out from 1981 to 1982 for the inventory group A (files and volumes), Amtsrat Karl Hofer, and for the inventory group B (printed matter), Archivoberinspektorin Regina Glatzle. Since at the beginning of the indexing there were no finding aids available, apart from a very inaccurate index of the older archives, especially for the older ones, it was also not possible to use the older registry data, some of which still existed. The old registers (E 191, Rubr. III 1b Bü 5992 - 5998) were only found during the indexing process. The extensive files and volumes were divided in the course of the indexing work and divorced into the holdings E 191 (central management of the charitable association), E 192 (Armenkommission) and E 193 (central management of the Sparkasse für Württemberg). The external files burst in the registry were excavated and integrated as independent holdings in accordance with their provenance into the corresponding holdings series of the State Archives F 240/1 (Lokalwohltätigkeitsverein Stuttgart), F 240/2 (Bezirkswohltätigkeitsverein Cannstatt), PL 408 (Wichernhaus Stuttgart), PL 409 (Verein zur Unterstützung älterer Honoratiorentöchter), PL 410 (association for artificial limbs), PL 411 (association for worker colonies), PL 412 (association for folk sanatoriums), PL 413 (national association for infant protection and youth welfare), PL 416 (Paulinenverein), PL 417 (Comité zur Beschaffung von Arbeit), PL 418 (association for shameful house arms), PL 419 (harvest association) and PL 705 (estate Heller). All these holdings contain files of originally independent organisations which have been taken over by the central management over time. The inventory E 193 was arranged and registered as a separate file group, which originated at the central management, but concerned its own closed field of work, as a separate file group.15 file fascicles originate from the estate of Queen Katharina and were handed over to the registry of the central management in the year 1838 by Privy Councillor v. Hartmann: they are incorporated in the majority in section I 3 of the inventory E 191. A list of these files is attached to the registry of 1837. E 191 was indexed in individual connected groups according to numerus currens, whereby the title records could only be arranged objectively after completion of the indexing.After several registration plans had been valid for the files of the central management, also different stock groups were not registered by these, the stock E 191 was arranged according to a new stock systematics under consideration of the business circles of the central management and preservation of old registration structures. the stock contains a large number of brochures, above all annual reports and statutes of socially active institutions and associations from the whole German-speaking area. As far as these were collected independently, they were registered under the inventory department B, further are in the associated files. Duplicates as well as the periodical "Blätter für das Armenwesen" and "Blätter der Zentralleitung für Wohltätigkeit in Württemberg", volumes 1890 - 1891, 1896 - 1922 and 1925 - 1939, were taken over to a large extent into the collections (JL 415) or into the service library of the State Archives Ludwigsburg. 7107 numbers in the volume of 97 m were included in the holdings E 191. However, 264 numbers are not documented by subsequent summarization of tufts.Ludwigsburg, March 1982Gez. Dr. Schmierer Supplement 2006: The documents received in 2001, 2004 and 2005 from the Baden-Württemberg Welfare Office were incorporated into the inventory in 2005 (= E 191 Bü 7445-7499).Ludwigsburg, July 2006W. Schneider Supplement 2013: In the course of packaging the inventory in 2010, title recordings and archive units were systematically compared and some errors and inconsistencies were corrected. Stephen Molitor
History of the Inventory Designer: Under the name Rechnungshof des Norddeutschen Bund (Court of Audit of the North German Confederation), the Prussian Chamber of Upper Legislation took control of the budget of the German Reich for the financial years 1867-1869 for the first time, renaming the authority the Rechnungshof des Deutschen Reiches (Court of Audit of the German Reich). In addition to controlling the Reich's budget, the Oberrechnungskammer, in its function as Court of Audit, was responsible for auditing the budget of Alsace-Lorraine (1874-1919) and for controlling the budget of the protectorate (since 1892/95 Africa, since 1898 all protectorates). The Court of Audit (Rechungshof, RH) was chaired by the Chief President of the Chamber of Appeal; its members were appointed by the Emperor at the suggestion of the Federal Council. The task of auditing the accounts of the Reich's budget had to be transferred to the Upper Chamber of Accounts by repeated individual legislation, usually on an annual basis. Article 86 p. 2 of the Weimar Constitution ("The audit of accounts is regulated by the Reich Law") established the audit of accounts for the Reich Administration under constitutional law. The Reich Budget Code of 31.12.1922 accordingly provided for the fundamental audit of the Reich budget by the Court of Audit of the German Reich (legalization of the audit of the "economic efficiency of the administration"). Thus, for the first time, auditing was fixed as a right of the state; at the same time, the establishment of the Court of Audit as an independent Reich authority independent of the Reich government was regulated. The Imperial Budget Code determined - as an important objective of the Court of Audit after examination of the submitted annual accounts - to prepare memoranda on the most important audit results and to submit proposals to the Imperial Government for the amendment and interpretation of laws in order to remedy identified deficiencies in the administration. The Court of Audit of the Weimar Republic represented a college of President, Directors and Councillors, which decided all fundamental matters by majority vote in the Plenary Assembly. In order to decide on matters that were limited in scope and only concerned individual administrative areas, the Reich Budget Code granted the formation of senates consisting of at least 3 members. In addition, the expert activity could be carried out at the request of the Reich Ministers, the Reich Parliament and the Reich Council; in addition, companies with their own legal personality could also be audited by the Court of Audit. The President and the other members of the Court of Audit were now appointed by the President of the Reich, countersigned by the Reich Minister of Finance. The President of the Court of Audit was also responsible for the management of the Prussian Chamber of Accounts. From October 1, 1922, however, he no longer headed the Prussian but the Reichsbehörde full-time. Presidents of the Court of Audit were: 1869-1890: Karl Ewald von Stünzner 1890-1898: Arthur Paul Ferdinand von Wolff 1898-1914: Eduard Ludwig Karl von Magdeburg 1914-1922: Ernst Holz 1922-1938 Friedrich Ernst Moritz Saemisch 1938-1945 Heinrich Müller 1922 was also appointed Reichssparkommissara with the task, together with the Reich Minister of Finance, of examining the entire budget and drawing up expert opinions on it. He was supported by the savings committee of the Reichstag. In December 1933 this office was closed again and the tasks were transferred to the new presidential department of the Court of Audit. As the supreme audit and control authority, the Court of Audit was responsible for supervising the entire Reich budget by examining the budget accounts, including the unscheduled income and expenditure of all Reich administrations, the accounts for the entire non-monetary property of the Reich as well as the books and accounting documents of the enterprises of the Reich. Since the end of the First World War, the Court of Audit has also had to increasingly control the use of Reich funds, which flowed into the private economy in the form of loans, credits, guarantees, subsidies and participations, by including both important business enterprises and a rich country of smaller enterprises in its audit area. The internal structure of the RH remained essentially unchanged throughout its existence. It was divided into the presidential department and a changing number of audit departments, to which the authorities and companies to be audited were allocated according to objective criteria. For the collection and cartographic indexing of laws, ordinances, administrative provisions, official regulations and other documents required for auditing the accounts, a news agency was attached to the Presidential Department, which from 1937 was known as the "Archive". In 1933 the Court of Audit was confirmed as an independent supreme Reich authority vis-à-vis the Reich government, but the previous procedure of majority decisions was abolished and the President was largely granted authority to issue directives to all organs of the Court of Audit. With the exception of the Wehrmacht control and the use audit of state subsidies to the NSDAP, the Court was initially able to perform its duties within the framework of financial control to the full extent even after 1933. In 1934, the office of the Reich Savings Commissioner, who was responsible for advising the Reich government on all matters relating to budget management and the appropriate design, simplification and cost reduction of the administration, was dissolved and its most important functions transferred to an office of the Presidential Department of the Court of Audit. Also from 1934, the Act on the Maintenance and Increase of Purchasing Power (Gesetz zur Erhaltung und Hebung der Kaufkraft) made it possible to extend the jurisdiction of the Court of Audit to include the auditing of corporations, institutions and other legal entities under public law (finally laid down by law in the Reich Auditing Ordinance of 30 March 1938). In the course of the imperial reform efforts of the Third Reich, the "Law on the Budgetary Management, Accounting and Auditing of the Länder and on the Fourth Amendment to the Reich Budget Code" of 17 June 1936 brought important changes: with the beginning of the 1936 accounting year, the auditing of the budget and economic management of the Länder was transferred to the Technical University. For this purpose, based on the already existing State Audit Offices, the Regional Court set up in 1937 foreign departments responsible for one or more Länder, initially in Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Leipzig (from 1940 Dresden) and Munich. Later Vienna (1939), Poznan (1942) and Metz (1942) were added. These external departments of the Court of Audit were assigned "accounting offices" by the Länder as preliminary audit offices in accordance with the "Vorprüfordnung für die Länder" of 9 April 1937. After 1938, especially during the war, the focus of the audit activities of the Court of Audit shifted: on the one hand, the audit of the administrations in the so-called "Old Empire" was reduced, on the other hand, however, the jurisdiction of the Court of Audit was extended to all German administrations in the occupied territories and also exercised there to a large extent. Only the Generalgouvernement and the autonomous protectorate government had their own examination offices. . Inventory description: Inventory history The majority of the RH's registry, which is already in the Reichsarchiv, was transferred to the former Central State Archives of the GDR after the war. At the end of the war, a further part of the existing records was still kept in the RH buildings in Potsdam and Berlin and was archived after 1946. The losses caused by the Allied air raid on Potsdam in April 1945 amount to approx. 9 running metres. Since the Prussian Oberrechungskammer took over the examination of Reichaufgabe für Kunst, Wissenschaft, kirchliche Angelegenheiten und Forstwirtschaft in 1934 (the Prussian Oberrechungskammer already had corresponding departments for these areas), these records - as well as the previous files of the Court of Audit in the holdings of Rep. 138 of the Geheimes Staatsarchiv, Stiftung prußischer Kulturbesitz. Archival evaluation and processing The registries of the Court of Audit distinguished three groups of files according to the tasks of the authority, which are also reflected in the classification: - General files - Technical files with special audit documents and instructions - Audit files for the actual audit negotiations. In this finding aid book, both the relevant files of the tradition kept until 1990 in the Central State Archives as fonds R 2301 and the files kept in the Federal Archives as fonds R 47 are recorded. Although the necessary standardisation of individual development information was achieved by merging the two parts of the transmission, a complete re-drawing did not take place. The general files were kept according to a uniform file plan and are summarised at the beginning of the inventory. The specialist and examination files are arranged according to the most recently valid business distribution plan. In addition, the files of the "archive" are listed separately as a relatively independent structural part with various special registries. The creation of archival file titles, volume sequences and series was usually required when the files were recorded; the creation of identical titles was unavoidable due to the specific nature of the structure. Characterisation of content: The Court of Audit's transmission more or less comprehensively covers the authority's entire spectrum of tasks with the following focal points: - Organisational, legal, administrative and operational matters - Court of Audit and Reich Savings Commissioner - Civil servant duties and rights - Affairs of employees and workers - Budget, cash, accounting and auditing - Specialist and audit files on individual authorities and companies such as the Reich Ministry of Finance, the Reich Ministry of Labor, the Reich Ministry of the Interior, the Reich Office for Regional Planning, the Reich Nourishment State, Reich offices and main associations, Vereinigte Industrieunternehmungen AG und Untergesellschaften (VIAG), Kleinbahnunternehmen und Wohnungsbauunternehmen, Hauptversorgungs- und Versorgungsämter sowie Wehrmachttversorgungsämter - Collection of administrative reports, statutes and other printed matter from local and district administrations (locations A-Z) - Budgets and budget accounts of the Länder and municipal institutions - Gesetzsammelmappen In addition, 3089 personnel files are part of the inventory. , citation style: BArch, R 2301/...
The Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR) is one of the largest "robbery organisations" of the "Third Reich". Equipped with the authority to "secure" material in the occupied territories for the fight against the "ideological opponents" of National Socialism, he brought countless books, documents and other cultural assets from the possession of libraries, institutes, archives, private individuals, etc. into his hands in the occupied western and eastern territories; in addition, he was actively involved in art theft. The evaluation of the cultural property to be captured and secured by the ERR was to be carried out by the "Hohe Schule" or the "Institut zur Erforschung der Judenfrage" in Frankfurt, at least as far as research on the "Jewish question" could be useful, to which even "materials" of an incommensurable scope were then directed. The haste with which the "seizures" had to be made within a few years or months in areas often far from the borders of the German Reich, made final decisions about the whereabouts of the captured property, especially in the territory of the Soviet Union, at most theoretically visible; in its mass it remained in the territories cleared by German troops. In addition to the Institute for the Study of the Jewish Question, the East Library and the Central Library of Rosenberg in Berlin were the main places of reception, apparently for material on the "Study of Bolshevism". There were also numerous other recipients, such as the Wehrmacht (for entertainment literature, but also for "military files and archive material" from the occupied Eastern territories, which had to be handed over to the Danzig branch of the Army Archives). The following decrees are the basis for the establishment and mission of the task force: Führererlass of 29.1.1940 concerning the establishment of the "Hohe Schule": The Hohe Schule is to become the central site of National Socialist research, teaching and education. Their construction will take place after the war. However, in order to promote the preparations that have begun, I order Reichsleiter Alfred Rosenberg to continue this preparatory work - especially in the field of research and the establishment of the library. The services of the Party and the State shall give him every assistance in this work. Decree of the chief of the OKW of 4.7.1940 to the commander-in-chief of the army and the commander-in-chief of the Wehrmacht in the Netherlands: Reichsleiter Rosenberg has applied to the Führer: 1. to search the state libraries and archives for writings of value to Germany, 2. to search the chancelleries of the high church authorities and lodges for political actions directed against us, and to confiscate the material in question. The Führer has ordered that this proposal be complied with and that the Secret State Police - supported by archivists of the Reichsleiter Rosenberg - be entrusted with the investigation. The head of the security police, SS-Gruppenführer Heydrich, has been notified; he will contact the responsible military commanders for the purpose of executing the order. This measure will be implemented in all the territories we occupy in the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France. It is requested to inform the subordinate services. Order of the chief of the OKW of 17.9.1940: To the commander-in-chief of the army for the military administration in occupied France In addition to the s.Zt. The Führer has decided, on the basis of the instructions given by the Führer to Reichsleiter Rosenberg to search lodges, libraries and archives in the occupied territories of the West for material of value to Germany and to secure it through the Gestapo: "The conditions before the war in France and before the declaration of war on 1.9.1939 are decisive for the possessions. After this deadline, transfers of ownership to the French Reichsleiter Rosenberg have been completed. State or the like are void and legally ineffective (e.g. Polish and Slovak library in Paris, holdings of the Palais Rothschild and other abandoned Jewish property). Reservations regarding search, seizure and removal to Germany on the basis of such objections shall not be accepted. Reichsleiter Rosenberg or his representative Reichshauptstellenleiter Ebert has clear instructions from the Führer personally regarding the right of access. He is authorised to transport the cultural goods that appear valuable to him to Germany and to secure them here. The Führer has reserved the right to decide on their use. It is requested that the relevant military commanders or services be instructed accordingly. Führer decree of 1.3.1942: Jews, Freemasons and the ideological opponents of National Socialism allied with them are the authors of the present war directed against the Reich. The systematic spiritual combat of these powers is a task necessary for war. I have therefore commissioned Reichsleiter Rosenberg to carry out this task in agreement with the head of the OKW. Its task force for the occupied territories has the right to investigate libraries, archives, lodges and other ideological and cultural institutions of all kinds for corresponding material and to seize it for the ideological tasks of the NSDAP and the later scientific research projects of the high school. The same regulation applies to cultural objects which are in the possession or property of Jews, of stray origin or of origin which cannot be clarified unobjectionably. The implementing regulations for cooperation with the Wehrmacht are issued by the head of the OKW in agreement with Reichsleiter Rosenberg. The necessary measures within the Eastern territories under German administration are taken by Reichsleiter Rosenberg in his capacity as Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories. For a short time the full name of the office was "Einsatzstab der Dienststellen des Reichsleiters Rosenberg für die besetzten westlichen Gebiete und die Niederlande", then "Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg für die besetzten Gebiete". The addition "for the occupied territories" was omitted according to the order of the Joint Staff Committee of 17.11.1944. The headquarters of the Joint Staff Committee was initially Paris. The expansion of the tasks made it necessary to relocate her to Berlin, where she temporarily stayed in the office building at Margarethenstrasse 17. The later office in Berlin, Bismarckstraße 1, was destroyed by an air raid. Organisation and structure: The structure of the ERR consisted in its main features of staff management, main working groups and working groups (set up regionally), occasionally also special detachments, branch offices, etc. The ERR was structured in such a way that it was able to provide a clear overview of the various departments. In addition, there were special staffs which were mainly charged with the "recording of cultural assets", which took place in constant collision with the equal interests of other authorities, such as the Reich Minister for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda (in France with regard to the recording of musical works, musical manuscripts and instruments by the Special Staff for Music) and the Reichsführer-SS (for example with regard to the recording of prehistory and early history). The organisation and distribution of responsibilities of the staff management were adapted to the respective tasks of the ERR institution, which were constantly expanding until 1943 and have been changing ever since. The constant change of tasks, organisation and personnel conditions became a principle for the large number of the departments themselves active in the "worked" areas, which were also completely dependent on the politico-military and administrative conditions in these areas, caused by the respective military, civil or national administrations, and not least by the perpetual conflicts of competence of the party and imperial authorities touching or fighting each other in their areas of interest and ambitions. The development of the ERR began in France with the institution "Einsatzstab Westen" under the leadership of Kurt von Behr. Soon the "Westen" task force was divided into three independent main working groups: France (Paris), Belgium and Northern France (Brussels), Netherlands (Amsterdam). At the same time, V. Behr was the head of the Western Office, which was responsible for securing furnishings for the occupied eastern territories, the so-called M Action. This office was in itself "detached" to the East Ministry; according to Rosenberg's order of 24.11.1944, it was "taken back" to the task force. In the first half of 1944, both the M campaign and the "art collection campaign" were extended to southern France. Probably related to this is the establishment of the South of France Working Group, which finally set up a branch office in Nice and an external command in Marseilles. From the very beginning of its activity in France, the ERR had not confined itself to securing only material from libraries, archives, etc. for the "ideological struggle". He also began to collect and secure art treasures and thus entered into a certain competition with the actions carried out on behalf of Hitler ("Linz" Führer order) and Göring as well as with the art protection carried out by the military commander. Institutionally, he created a special task force "Fine Arts" (SBK) for this task, to which the collection points for fine arts in the Louvre and Jeu de Paume belonged. The Special Staff was only responsible for securing and inventorying the objects of art; the right of disposal over the objects of art - including those seized by the Office of the West in the course of the M Action and handed over to the Special Staff - had been reserved to the "Führer", a demand that was later extended to all works of art "that were or will be confiscated by German authorities in the territories occupied by German troops". The SBK maintained its activity in France to a certain extent until its dissolution. The struggle for responsibility for seized works of art continued until the end of the war, up to and including issues of relocation to Germany (Führer construction and salvage sites such as Neuschwanstein and Herrenchiemsee, etc.) and ultimately works of art to be seized in Austrian mines (Alt-Aussee). The activities of the Italian working group are described in the report of its leader of 28.8.1944 as follows: "The procurement of material on the activities of ideological opponents will continue to be at the forefront of our work in Italy. In the form of translations, reports and evaluation work, this material is prepared by AG Italy and forwarded to the management. At the beginning of 1941, the ERR extended its activities to the Balkans and further to Greece. A Sonderkommando Greece was formed, which was dissolved in 1941. A Sonderkommando Saloniki is still provable until 1942. ERR services were also established in 1941 in Serbia - Special Staff of the Commanding General and Commander of Serbia, an Agram Liaison Office and a Belgrade Liaison Office for the Yugoslav Territories. Efforts to gain a foothold in Hungary failed apparently because of the resistance or influence of the envoy Dr. Veesenmayer. Later, a main working group for the southeast (Belgrade) can be proved, which was formed with effect from 15 February 1944 from the working group for the southeast, which in turn could have originated from the command "Southeast", proven for 1942, which was transferred from Belgrade to Thessaloniki on 10 July 1942. In Denmark, the ERR established a service in Copenhagen. Any approach to "profitable" activity was soon nullified by Dr. Best, representative of the German Reich in Denmark: "Confiscation in the style of the other occupied territories would never come into question". Immediately after his appointment as Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories (RMbO), Rosenberg began to direct the initiative of his task force to the eastern territories as well. On April 2, 1941, Rosenberg had already conceived a Führer's order to instruct him "to carry out the same tasks as in the occupied western territories in all the countries occupied or still occupied by the German Wehrmacht within the framework of this war". Until the Führer's order of 1 March 1942 was issued, Rosenberg referred to "the orders issued by the Führer for the West and the tasks carried out in the Western territories by the departments of Art, Archive and Library Protection within the framework of military administration". Rosenberg's guidelines on the protection of cultural assets for "research into the activities of opponents of National Socialism and for National Socialist research" were issued to the Reichskommissariate Ostland and Ukraine on 20.8.1941 and 3.10.1941 respectively. By decree of 27.4.In 1942 Rosenberg finally commissioned the RKO and RKU as the RMbO to once again expressly "commission the ERR for the occupied Eastern territories with the recording and uniform processing of cultural assets, research material and scientific institutions from libraries, museums, etc.", which are found in public, ecclesiastical or private spaces". With the same decree, a central office was founded for the collection and recovery of cultural assets in the occupied Eastern territories. A special department for the collection and recovery of cultural assets was set up at the Reichskommissariaten (Imperial Commissionariats), whose leadership was entrusted to the head of the responsible main working group. For the two Reichskommissariate the main working group Ostland (Riga) with the working groups existed at first: Estonia (Reval), Lithuania (Vilnius), Latvia (Riga), White Ruthenia (Minsk) and the main working group Ukraine (Kiev, later Bialystok). With effect from 1.5.1943 the AG Weißruthenien was elevated to the main working group Mitte. In all HAG areas, in addition to the working groups, mobile staffs, known as "Sonderkommandos" or "Außenstellen", whose activities extended as far as the Crimea and the Caucasus region, worked directly under their command or under the command of the staff. The special staffs included, among others "Sonderstab Bildende Kunst", "Sonderstab Vorgeschichte", "Sonderstab Archive", "Sonderstab Sippenkunde", "Sonderstab Wissenschaft", "Sonderstab Volkskunde", "Sonderstab Presse" (founded 1944), "Sonderstab Dr. Abb", "Sonderstab Musik", "Sonderstab Zentralbibliothek" of the "Hohen Schule" (ZBHS), "Sonderstab weltanschauliche Information in Berlin". Structure of the staff leadership 1942 Staff leader: Utikal deputy: Ebeling 1st Division Organisation: Langkopf Group Indoor Service Group Human Resources Group Procurement Group Readiness to drive 2nd Division West and Southeast: by Ingram Group Planning Group Report 3rd Division East: Dr. Will Group Planning Group Report 4th Division Evaluation: Dr. Brethauer; Deputy: Dr. Wunder; from 1.11.1942: Lommatzsch Group General Group Library Group Inventory Group Photograph 5 Dept. Special Tasks: Rehbock Structure of the staff leadership 1944 Staff leader: Utikal representative: The senior head of department department I (head of department I: SEF Rehbock; head of department z.b.V.: SEF Brethauer) group I/1 personal adviser of the chief of staff: Rehbock group I/2 mob- and locksmith matters: Rehbock Group I/3 Personal Representative of the Chief of Staff for the Art Recording Action and Head of the Louvre Working Group: Rehbock Group I/4 Defense Representative of the Operational Staff: HEF Braune Group I/5 Procurement, Courier Service, Supply: OEF Jach Group I/6 Publications: HEF Tenschert Group I/7 Special Reports: EF Tost Division II (Head of Division: OSEF Dr. Will; Deputy: SEF Dr. Zeiß) Division IIa: Western Division, covering France, Belgium, Holland, Italy and Southeast: SEF Dr. Zeiß Division IIb: Division East, covering the occupied territories of the Soviet Union: OSEF Dr. Will Division III (Head of Division: SEF Zölffel) Division IIIa: SEF Zölffel Group III/1 Legal Affairs, Orders and Communications: SEF Zölffel Gruppe III/2 Wehrmachttfragen, Marschpapiere, Veranstaltungen, Marketenderei: HEF Gummert Abteilung IIIb: HEF Webendoerfer Gruppe III/3 Personal: HEF Sklaschus Gruppe III/4 Business Distribution: HEF Webendoerfer Gruppe III/5 Registratur: OEF Hechler Hauptabteilung IV (Head of Department: OSEF Dr. Wunder; Deputy: SEF Lommatzsch) Translation Office: OEF Dr. Benrath Gruppe IV/1 Archiv: HEF Dr. Mücke Group IV/3 Material preparation: HEF Reichardt Group IV/4 Evaluation by scientists: HEF Rudolph Group IV/5 Book control centre: HEF Ruhbaum Group IV/6 East Library: HEF Dr. Müller Abbreviations DBFU The commander's representative for the supervision of the entire intellectual and ideological training and education of the NSDAP EF Einsatzführer ERR Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg HAG Hauptarbeitsgruppe HEF Haupteinsatzführer IMT Internationales Militärtribunal MTS Maschinen-Traktoren-Station NKWD Volkskommissariat für Innere Angelegenheiten NSDAP National Socialist German Workers' Party NSPO National Socialist Party Organization OEF Upper Operations Leader OKH Army High Command OKW Wehrmacht High Command OSEF Wehrmacht Upper Staff Operations Leader RKO Reichskommissar für das Ostland RKU Reichskommissar für die Ukraine RMbO Reichsministerium für die besetzten Ostgebiete SEF Stabseinsatzführer WKP (b) Communistische Partei der Sovietunion ZbV zur besonderen Verwendung Inventory description: Inventory history In the 1960s, scattered files of the ERR were brought into the Federal Archives, with various returns of written material from the USA and predominantly in association with other provenances from the Rosenberg business area as well as with individual levies from the Rehse Collection, which were formed into an inventory there. Most of these files are written documents which were last found in the alternative office of the ERR in Ratibor. A part of the staff and the management of the Ostbücherei with large stocks of books were evacuated from Berlin to there. The remains of documents rescued by the members of the HAG Ostland, Ukraine and White Ruthenia were also recorded in Ratibor. The preserved files should come from holdings that were moved from Ratibor to the west. Subsequent additions to the holdings were mainly made by levies from the military archives, by re-enlargements of microfilms from the YIVO Institute, New York, by late recorded files from American repatriation, by three volumes from the dissolved holdings of the Rosenberg offices of the Central State Archives of the GDR (62 Tue 1) and by personal documents from the so-called "NS Archive of the Ministry for State Security of the GDR". The documents preserved at the end of the war and accessible to the Western Allies were used as evidence for the IMT process. The essential components were then left to the Centre de Documentation Juive Contemporaine (CDJC), Paris. ERR documents can also be found today in the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Washington, in the YIVO Institute for Jewish Reserch, Washington, and in the Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie (NIOD), Amsterdam. Documents from Rosenberg offices also reached archives of the former Soviet Union. An extensive collection (especially the provenance ERR) is kept in the Tsentral`nyi derzhavnyi arhiv vyshchykh orhaniv vlady ta upravlinnia Ukraïny (TsDAVO Ukraïny) in Kiev, further files in the Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi voennyi arkhiv (RGVA) in Moscow and in the Lithuanian Central State Archives, Vilnius. The Federal Archives, Bildarchiv, holds an extensive collection of photographs from the ERR (holdings Fig. 131). Inventories, directories and transport lists by the ERR of "seized objects" are contained in the holdings of B 323 Treuhandverwaltung von Kulturgut. Archive processing The NS 30 collection is a conglomerate of scattered files and individual documents. In the interest of rapid utilisation, the documents were recorded provisionally without costly evaluation and administrative work. Mrs. Elisabeth Kinder produced the preliminary finding aid book in 1968, from which essential elements of this introduction are taken. The "new entries" were recorded by the undersigned in 2003/2004. Citation method BArch NS 30/ .... State of development: Findbuch (1968/2005), Online-Findbuch (2004). Citation style: BArch, NS 30/...
1st Deputy General Command XIII (K.W.) Army Corps: When Emperor Wilhelm II declared a state of war on the Reich's territory on 31 July 1914, the Prussian Law on the State of Siege of 4 June 1851, which conferred executive power on the military commanders, came into force at the same time (1). The military commanders were the commanding generals of the individual army corps and the governors and commanders of fortresses whose orders had to be obeyed by the civilian authorities. For the first day of mobilization, 2 August 1914, the mobilization plan provided for the establishment of the deputy command authorities, which, after the previous command authorities had moved away, were to take over their command and business area independently on the sixth day of mobilization (2). At the same time, the powers of the military commander were transferred to the deputy commanding general, who led the supreme command of the remaining occupying, replacement and garrison troops. Only responsible to the emperor as the "Most High Warlord", the military commander was not bound to instructions of the Bundesrat, the chancellor or the war ministry. According to Article 68 of the Reich Constitution, the military commander assumed responsibility for handling the state of siege in his area of command. The constitution allowed him to intervene in the legal situation by declaring the intensified state of war, to restrict constitutionally guaranteed freedoms and to establish war courts. In Württemberg, however, the declaration of the intensified state of war was dispensed with, since the existing laws offered a sufficient basis for the ability of the deputy commanding general to act (3). Although the cooperation between military commanders and civilian authorities was not regulated uniformly until October 1918, in Württemberg, similar to Bavaria, there was from the outset a coordination between the military and civilian executive powers. This was particularly encouraged by the union of the offices of Minister of War and Deputy Commanding General in the hands of General von Marchtalers (4). Army corps were from 2.8.1914 to 1.9.1914 general of the infantry retired Otto von Hügel, from 1.9.1914 to 21.1.1916 general of the infantry Otto von Marchtaler and from 21.1.1916 to end of war general of the infantry retired Paul von Schaefer. Chief of Staff was Major General 2. D. Theodor von Stroebel (5) from the beginning to the end of the war. At the beginning of the mobilization, 7 officers and 14 sub-officials transferred to the Deputy General Command, which had its official seat at Kriegsbergstraße 32. It soon became apparent that the business volume was expanding considerably, individual lines of business were growing strongly and new ones were being added, so that an increase in the number of employees and the expansion of the premises became necessary. The new tasks brought a further strong enlargement of the administrative apparatus under the sign of the "Vaterländischen Hilfsdienst" and the Hindenburg Programme (6). The scope of duties of the Deputy General Command included military, economic and political matters. Various authorities were subordinated to him: the Deputy Infantry Brigades, the Landwehr Inspectorate, since 1917 the Military Central Police Station and the Post- and Deport Monitoring Centre (Schubpol) Stuttgart. The distribution of responsibilities changed several times in line with the expansion of tasks. According to the business distribution plan (Appendix), which came into effect on 27 August 1917, the central task was initially to ensure that the field army could meet its needs for crew and war material. The recruitment and training of replacements, the establishment of the "troop units ordered by the War Minister and the transfer of replacement crews to the field troops were priority tasks" (Departments l a and Il b). A subdivision la 3, specially created for horse affairs, which dealt with the recruitment and military and civilian use of horses in the troops and at home, underlines the great importance of the horse as a riding, working and pack animal in the First World War. In addition to military tasks in the narrower sense, including the handling of all officers' affairs (Department Ha), the Deputy General Command was primarily responsible for political and administrative tasks. In August 1917, the Ile defence department was set up, which carried out security measures against feared enemy attacks on the transport network and important war operations by organising railway protection and air defence. The surveillance of railway and border traffic, passport and registration regulations and the inspection of foreigners served to protect military secrets and defend against espionage and sabotage. This area also includes the various efforts made to control correspondence. A central chemical office (department Il e Abwiss.) should uncover and decipher secret documents. Another task of the Deputy General Command was the accommodation and care of prisoners of war in camps and their employment in industry and agriculture (Department Il f). With the duration of the war, the shortage of raw materials and food grew as a result of Germany's exclusion from the world economy. Rationing and coercive management were inevitable. In addition, there was a shortage of labour, which required the mobilisation of all material and human resources. The Hindenburg Programme attempted to adapt the production of war material to the increased demand. The 'Vaterländische Hilfsdienstgesetz' was intended to solve the problem of job creation (7). In November 1916, the Prussian War Ministry established a War Office "for the management of all matters related to the overall conduct of the war concerning the procurement, use and nutrition of workers, as well as the procurement of raw materials, weapons and ammunition," to which the Deputy General Commands were subordinated in all matters of war economics (8) . The Deputy General Command was responsible for the management of the labor market, measures to ensure food security for the population and troops, the allocation of labor and raw materials, and measures to increase industrial production necessary for the needs of war. For example, the control office of the Daimler plants made it possible to monitor arms production, but it also allowed influence to be exerted on the working conditions and wages of the employees and the pricing of the companies. The supervision of political life in the area of command was carried out via § 9b of the Siege Act, which allowed intervention in all areas of public life to maintain security and order (9). The militarization of war-important enterprises served to avoid demonstrations and strikes. The right of association and assembly was restricted. Censorship became a useful instrument to influence the mood of the people in the sense of the rulers. It covered the pre- and post-censorship of the press, letters, telegrams and mail, as well as the import of newspapers and magazines. The communications intended for the public on domestic political issues or military news were also subject to censorship. The attempt to strengthen the will of the population to persevere through official propaganda, called "war enlightenment" (10), was added to this. For this purpose propaganda lectures were established in the deputy general commandos, Captain (ret.) Heinrich Hermelink, Professor of Church History in Marburg, was hired as a reconnaissance officer of the XIII Army Corps. Under Ludendorff the Oberzensurbehörde became the executive organ of the Supreme Army Command, which increasingly restricted the independence of the military commanders. Since April 1917, for all Deputy General Commands, the guidelines of the Press Office, to which the Supreme Censorship Authority was subject, had been decisive for the handling of propaganda and censorship. There was information for workers and women, for the troops war propaganda was carried out as patriotic instruction. Other divisions of the Deputy General Command were the Court Division (Division III), which was responsible for military justice and also dealt with legal and police matters in the civil sector. There was also an Administration and War Food Department (Division IV d) and a Medical Department (Division IV b). Veterinary Department (Division IV d) and Supply Department (Division V), which dealt with war disability care and pension matters (11). After the ceasefire was declared in November 1918, the Deputy General Command remained in place. It organised the demobilisation, collection, repatriation, supply and disbanding of units. Accommodations in Württemberg and the evacuation of occupied territories were among the tasks, as was the deployment of security troops (Department la 1). Subordinate evacuation train distribution commissions based in Heilbronn and Mühlacker were responsible for forwarding the goods and war equipment transported back from the field to the homeland. The demobilisation order for the mobile General Command XIII Army Corps came into force on 11.12.1918. Officers and officials of the General Command transferred to the previous Deputy General Command, which continued business by merging with the former mobile General Command under the new name General Command of the XIIIth Army Corps. In February 1919 the General Command was incorporated into the War Ministry. Individual subdivisions of the la department were dissolved, and existing departments were incorporated into the War Ministry. The Rumpfbehörde was led as department Generalkommando of the war ministry and remained as such also in August 1919, when the war ministry was converted into the Reichswehrbefehlsstelle Württemberg (12). On October 1, 1919, the Württemberg War Ministry ceased to exist. For the authorities and facilities of the former army that were still needed, settlement offices were created under the authority of the Reich Ministry of Defence. On October 1, 1919, the Reichswehr Command Post was transformed into the Winding-up Office of the former Württemberg War Ministry. At the same time, the Department General Command XIII Army Corps and the Higher Resolution Staffs 49 - 51, which had been set up since July 1919, were used to form the Office of the former XIII Army Corps. Under the leadership of the supreme von Hoff, both offices were described as the "Abwicklungsamt Württemberg", at the end of the year as the "Heeresabwicklungsamt" of the former XIIIth Army Corps. At the end of March 1921, the Army Processing Office was dissolved, and when the Deputy General Command was established, Registratur Andrä, who headed the Central Office in 1917, was entrusted with the registry and file management. The files were arranged according to the departments valid at the time of their creation, but were numbered consecutively; each number was subdivided again according to Generalia and Spezialia and, if necessary, with additional letters. Blue or green envelopes were used for the general files and red envelopes for the special files. The files were stapled in accordance with the Prussian model of file management, and the registry remained intact both after the transfer to the General Command and after the merger with the War Ministry; however, the files of the departments and areas that were now transferred to other departments of the War Ministry were given the new department names; some were also spun off. Thus the records of Veterinary Department IV d were handed over to Department A 4 of the War Ministry. During this period of transition, documents have already been segregated and destroyed as a result of political events, but also during relocations or new divisions. Already during the November confusion, the personnel department Il d suffered losses; in February 1919, before the department Ile moved to Olgastraße, 11 files on associations and assemblies, radical social democracy, protective custody and security police as well as lists of suspects were sorted out (13). The files of other departments were transferred to other authorities or spun off because the department became independent. Thus, in May 1919, the prisoner-of-war department Il f became independent as the prisoner-of-war homecoming department (Gehea) (14). The records of the pension department V had been transferred to the main pension office. The remaining files also remained in order in the Heeresabwicklungsamt and from October 1920 formed part of the newly established Korpsarchiv, which from 1921 together with the old Kriegsarchiv became the Reichsarchiv branch office. 2. to the order and distortion of the stock: In the Reichsarchiv branch office, the files were first recorded in 1924 by Maximilian Haldenwang, whereby the order by departments according to the last business distribution plan of 1917 was taken as a basis, the individual units were combined into larger clusters and these were numbered consecutively. However, the files of Gas Protection Division IIc were already missing in this inventory; it is not known when and why they were lost. During subsequent administrative work in the holdings of the War Ministry and the Army Processing Office, various files with the provenance of Deputy General Command were added to the holdings. This includes 50 censored books published during the World War. During the November events, these books were confiscated at the press office of the Deputy General Command and shortly afterwards they were taken over into the war collection of the Court Library. The "military" part of the Court Library was transferred to the Heeresarchiv Stuttgart in 1938. It was assumed that these books had the character of censorship copies, that the remainder of the edition had been stamped, and that when the inventory M 630 was dissolved in 1983, the court files of the Upper War Court of the XIIIth Army Corps were assigned to the inventory; further files from the inventory of the Army Processing Office (M 390) were attached as appendices, which were taken from the General Command XIIIth Army Corps Department of the Ministry of War or from the General Command XIIIth Army Corps Department of the Ministry of War. With the new indexing, which began in 1987, it seemed to make sense to leave the entire tradition with the provenances of the Deputy General Command, General Command (from December 1918) and Department General Command of the War Ministry and the Reichswehr (from February to October 1, 1919) in one inventory, since the registry runs through despite the changes. An exception are the files of those areas that were integrated into other departments of the War Ministry in February 1919; here the files created after this time were, if separable, attached to the corresponding holdings. Thus files of the horse department la 3, which after February 1919 merged into the department A 10 of the War Ministry, as well as files of the officer affairs department Ha, which after February 1919 were processed by the personnel department of the War Ministry, were classified in the stocks M 1/4 and M 1/5 respectively. A bundle of files of the "Leitung der Ausflüge für verwundete Stuttgarter Lazarette 1918/20", an independent association, whose files had apparently come to the Army Processing Office after its dissolution and remained with the inventory of 1924, was also separated. It was set up as a separate portfolio in line with provenance (M 324). Conversely, the archival records previously treated as appendices to the holdings and removed from M 390 were integrated into the corresponding departments. In addition, reference is made to individual pieces of documents of the provenance of the former XIII Army Corps's Winding-up Office which are in the inventory and could not be separated because of the thread-stitching. The files of the Court Division III also remained together, although they extend beyond October 1, 1919, since they were continued as a continuous registry also in the time of the Army Processing Office independently and independently. Two tufts from the Herzog Albrecht (M 30/1) Army Group stock were classified according to provenance. The internal order of the stock was maintained in principle. Again, the business distribution plan of April 1917 was used as a basis. This means that even subjects which cannot actually be expected from the title of the respective department remained in its registry context. The heterogeneity of the subjects within a differently designated department is often due to the fact that numerous subject areas belonged earlier to other departments and were only assigned to another department by the business distribution plan of August 1917 - apparently in the course of the streamlining of the authority (cf. table of contents). Within the departments, titles were arranged according to objective criteria, so that the order of the fascicles often differs from the old index. The old bundle count was replaced by a new consecutive numbering of the tufts. A concordance of the old bundle signatures and new bundle numbers was added to make it easier to find cited passages. The individual file units remained, they were only rearranged in exceptional cases. The books (censorship copies) handed over in 1938 were correctly classified by the press department, and the main titles, as they were given in the Haldenwang repertory on the basis of the inscriptions, were also preserved in the individual title recordings. Because of the high source value of the files, which after the losses of the Second World War were of exemplary importance, also as a replacement for the lost Prussian tradition, detailed notes on contents appeared justified; this all the more so as the main title of the thread-stitched and therefore indivisible files sometimes only most incompletely reflects the contents. The notes should clarify both the content and the structure of the file clusters. However, not all sketches, maps and plans could be ejected individually, as they are available in too large a number and are often to be expected anyway. Only where a tuft of files reaches beyond the narrower provenance of "Stellvertretendes Generalkommando" was the further provenance noted.In order to compensate for the disadvantage of the heterogeneity of the files and the partly unusual order, a detailed subject index was compiled which, apart from the keywords "XIII. army corps" and "Württemberg", brings together as far as possible all narrow terms related to the subject matter of the holdings, partly in two parts. From March 1988 to August 1989, the stock was arranged and listed by the scientific employee Anita Raith under the direction of Dr. Bernhard Theil as part of a job creation scheme, who also greatly revised the introduction. Archive employee Werner Urban played a decisive role in the creation of the final editorial office and the indices. The packaging and installation was carried out in August 1989 by working student Angelika Hofmeister. 1144 tufts (= 29.6 m) were in stock. Comments: (1) Article 68 of the Constitution of the Reich provided for a Reich Law regulating the state of war, which, however, did not exist until the end of the Empire. Militär und Innenpolitk im Weltkrieg 1914 - 1918, edited by Wilhelm Deist, Düsseldorf 1970, vol. l, p. XXXI; see also HStAS E 130a Bü. 1146 Richtlinien des Preußischen Kriegsministeriums zum verschärften Kriegszustand (Letter of 25. July 1914)(2) HStAS M 33/1 Bund 80, Annexes to the mobilization provision, cf. also § 20.7 of the mobilization plan 1914/15 in M 1/2 vol. 32(3) Deist (wie Anm. 1) Bd. l, p. 13 ff. besonders Anm. 2(4) Ebd. S. XLV(5) HStAS M 430/2 Bü. 942, 1354, 1795, 2146(6) In March 1917, the Deputy General Command had 134 budgeted officer positions, actually 317 persons were employed. The accommodation of the departments in M 77/1 Bü. 632(7) Deist (as Note 1) p. 506 ff.:(8) HStAS M 1/4 vol. 1272, reprinted at Deist (as Note 1) p. 508 ff., cf. ibid. XLVII(9) Gesetz über den Siegeerungszustand, Handbuch der during des war issued Verordnungen des Stellvertretenden Generalkommandos XIII. (Kgl. Württ.) Armeekorps mit Einschluster nicht veröffentlichtter Erlasses, Stuttgart 1918, p. l ff.(10) Deist (wie Anm. 1) S. LXV(11) The memorandums, which report on the experiences of individual departments during the mobilization, also contain information on the structure, personnel and delimitation of the working areas of a department (fonds M 77/2)(12) Cf. Appendix III of the Introduction to the Repertory of the Collection M 390(13) M 77/1 Bü. 935(14) The files of this department, which is subordinate to the Army Office for the Settlement of Armed Forces, are now in the collection M 400/3 Literature: Deist, Wilhelm: Zur Institution des Militärbefehlshabers im Ersten Weltkrieg. In: Jahrbuch für die Geschichte Mittel- und Ostdeutschlands 13/17 (1965) S. 222 - 240Mai, Günther: Kriegswirtschaft und Arbeiterbewegung in Württemberg 1914 - 1918. 1983Ders: Das Ende des Kaiserreichs, Politik und Kriegsführung im Ersten Weltkrieg (Deutsche Geschichte der neuesten Zeit) 1987Matuschka, Edgar, Graf von: Organisation History of the Army 1890 - 1918 In: German Military History in 6 Volumes 1648 - 1939 Ed. by the Militärgeschichtlichen Forschungsamt, 3.1983 S 157 - 282Militär- und Innenpolitik im Weltkrieg 1914 - 1918, edited by Wilhelm Deist (Quellen zur Geschichte des Parlamentarismus und der politischen Parteien, 2. Reihe Bd. 1,1 und 1,2) 1970Moser, Otto von: The Württembergers in the World War. A History, Memory and Folk Book 2.1928Stuttgart, October 1989Anita RaithBernhard Theil
Content and evaluation The collection also contains files of the Mosbach district administration existing from 1863-1939, which comprised the districts of Adelsheim, Buchen, Mosbach, Tauberbischofsheim and Wertheim (cf. especially the Generalia section: "Kreis- und Bezirksverbände").
The part in the district archives from the estate of the German colonial pioneer Carl Peters, who acquired the core area of the later "D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a", was mainly compiled by his wife Thea née Herbers and enriched by copies and transcripts from the Federal Archives Koblenz and the then Central State Archives Potsdam as well as by materials from the Berninghaus family - Asta Berninghaus was a sister of Thea Peters. At the beginning of the 1950s the collection came into the possession of the archives of Altena Castle. In eight boxes, the estate contains documents, correspondence and newspaper clippings, most of which relate to the disciplinary proceedings and insults brought by the colonial politician. In addition to these documents there are photos and personal belongings. In addition, the collection was supplemented by books and essays on colonial topics, in particular by and about Carl Peters. The indexing was done in 1990 by the trainee Elke Röscher. Biography: - 27.11.1856 born as son of a pastor in Neuhaus a. d. Elbe - studies in Göttingen, Tübingen and Berlin - 1879 doctorate in history - 1880 Oberlehrerexamen in history and geography - since 1881 stay in London, occupation with the English colonial politics and administration - 1883 return to Berlin - 28.03.1884 Carl Peters founds the "Society for German Colonization" - September 1884 departure for East Africa, in the same year conclusion of colonial contracts with the chiefs of Useguna, Uguru, Usagara and Ukami - 12.02.1885 foundation of the DOAG ("Deutsch-Ostafrikanische Gesellschaft") - 27.02.1885 signing of the first colonial letter of protection by Wilhelm I. for the area acquired by Peters - March 1889 to August 1890 expedition to liberate Emin Pasha, conclusion of further contracts in Africa - 01.07.1890 Helgoland-Sansibar-contract - 1891 dispatch as Imperial Imperial Commissioner at the disposal of East Africa - 1992 cooperation in the German-English border regulation in East Africa - 03.05.1894 Appointment to the statutory "commissioner" - 13. to 16.03.1896 colonial debate of the Reichstag, attack Bebels against Peters, soon afterwards move to London, journalistic activity, foundation of a business enterprise - 24.04./15.11.1897 disciplinary judgements against Carl Peters for misconduct towards natives: Dismissal from the Reichsdienst (legal consequences of the verdict were reversed in 1937 by Hitler in favor of Peters' widow) - 1899-1911 Trips to South Africa: Managing Director of the Carl Peters Estates Company - 1905 pardon from Kaiser Wilhelm II.Peters gets back the title "Reichskommissar" - 1907-1909 various insult suits especially against editors of social democratic newspapers - 1909 marriage with Thea Herbers - 1914 Carl Peters is granted his pension by grace - 10.09.1918 died in Waltorf near Peine
Peters, CarlEstate of Werner GrumpeltIn Altenburg, the colonial goods store C was founded in 1838. (Carl) J. (Julius) Grumpelt founded. It was located at Pauritzer Platz 4. In 1900 Karl Heinrich Grumpelt (1870-1935) took over the business and continued it until 1929. His son Werner Grumpelt (1909-1949, teacher and author), who also lived in Altenburg, was very interested in many things - including (global) history. He wrote two books about colonisation and life in Africa: "Im Herzen von Deutsch-Südwest. Erlebnisse des deutschen Reiters Albin Freier]" as well as "Einer aus Deutschland" (A story about the life of his great uncle Carl Albert Grumpelt). It can be assumed that both books are primarily novels, but also describe actual experiences.Karl Heinrich GrumpeltBirth date: 09.02.1870 in AltenburgSterbedatum: 07.03.1935 in AltenburgFather: Karl Heinrich Grumpelt Grandfather: Carl Julius GrumpeltCarl Albert GrumpeltResidence: Barkly West, Northern Cape, South AfricaBirth date: 24.12.1837 in Altenburg (christening: 07.01.)1938)Marriage: 29.04.1897 in Barkly West Deceased: 1920 Barkley West, South AfricaFather: Carl Julius GrumpeltProfession: Pharmacist Emigration to Africa after 1866 (at this time still employed as a pharmacist in Altenburg), witnessed Boer wars Protagonist in the novel by W. Grumpelt (grandnephew), ca. 1939-41 (unpublished)Werner GrumpeltBirthday: 17.01.1909Father: Karl Heinrich GrumpeltDate of death: 19.06.1949 in Etzelbach
Correspondence; Manuscripts, Printed matter
Preliminary remark: In 1965, the estate of Berthold von Fetzer was handed over to the Main State Archives by Mrs. Friedel Schloßberger-Hoffmann, the granddaughter of Berthold von Fetzer, retired superior. The printed matter and books (including printed matter by Carl August and Berthold von Fetzer) submitted by Mrs. Schloßberger-Hoffmann at that time were classified in the service library of the Main State Archives. The collection contains 40 volumes of diaries from 1868 to 1925 (with gaps), five volumes of notebooks from 1918 to 1923 as well as three photos of Berthold von Fetzer, and the entries of Fetzer on his activities as court physician of King Karl in 1883, 1885 to 1891 (volumes 5-15). Unfortunately the corresponding volume covering the period from April 1883 to February 1885 is missing. According to the correspondence with Mrs. Schloßberger-Hoffmann, it was not handed over to the Main State Archives. The diaries, which were kept in detail in the years 1883 and 1885 to 1891, especially during the King's winter stays in southern France and Italy, contain numerous information about the person of King Charles, his illnesses, his daily routine and his attitude towards the people around him - especially towards Queen Olga, Charles Woodcock (Baron de Savage), Wilhelm Freiherr von Spitzemberg and Julius Albert Freiherr von Griesinger. Fetzer was consulted almost daily by the king, especially during his winter stays in the south, while he did not maintain such close contact with the king during the remaining months when the king was in Stuttgart, Friedrichshafen or Bebenhausen. In addition, the diaries Volumes 5-15 also give interesting insights into farm life. These diaries, which are the most important source about the last years of King Karl, were written by Professor Dr. Paul Sauer for his book "Regent with mild sceptre. For Fetzer's activity as court physician under King Wilhelm II, however, there are no comparable entries except for a diary (volume 17), which contains some information about diseases of Queen Charlotte. This is probably due to the fact that Fetzer was consulted less frequently by the last royal couple of Württemberg and at that time was primarily active as head of the medical department of the newly created Karl Olga Hospital in Stuttgart. In addition to the diaries on court life, the two volumes with entries on Fetzer's work as senior physician at the Fourth Württemberg Field Hospital in the War of 1870/71 (Volumes 1 and 2), in which he reports on his activities in the field hospitals and in the Solitude reserve hospital - including the operations he performed - also deserve attention. In addition to the above-mentioned entries by Fetzer, all of which are in some way connected with his work as a doctor, the diaries naturally also contain numerous references to his family life and provide insights into Fetzer's personality, his diverse interests and political attitudes. In addition to the sometimes very detailed descriptions of his numerous travels in Germany and other European countries, here are notes and comments on his reading in the fields of medicine and natural sciences. literature, art or art history, philosophy and history. There are also frequent reports in the diaries about visits to theatre, opera and concerts, as well as visits to art exhibitions and museums. They convey an impressive picture of a typical educated citizen of the imperial period and are therefore of importance for cultural, mental and social history. The descriptions of his travels and even more the notes and commentaries on his reading - like a red thread, so to speak - run through almost all of his diaries, whereby in the diaries of the years 1913 to 1925 (volumes 27-40) - possibly due to a lack of reportable external experiences of Fetzer - they occupy a large space. In addition to the diaries, Fetzer also kept pure notebooks with notes for his reading between 1918 and 1923 (vol. 41-45). The estate of Fetzer was recorded in the summer of 1997 by the candidate archive inspectors Nicole Schütz and Andre Kayser. The title recordings were edited by Archive Inspector Eberhard Merk in autumn 1999. The stock comprises 46 title records in 0.3 metres. Stuttgart, November 1999 Eberhard Merk
Sans titreIn today's colonial historiography, as far as the colonial rule in Togo is concerned, two names are certainly to be emphasized: Dr. habil. Peter Sebald († 2018) and Prof. Dr. Trutz von Trotha († 2013). The research results of these two scientists offer a detailed study of German rule in Togo 1884-1914. Numerous archive sources, monographs, anthologies, courses, journal articles, lectures from their estates now serve as valuable sources of information for current research. Peter Sebald and Prof. Trutz von Trotha on the history of German colonialism and Togo in particular. The family of Peter Sebald roughly sorted out 40 metres of running files and books in around 50 cartons in order to forward them to the ZMO. The estate consists of three parts: Materials ordered by Sebald himself, disordered documents and books. In addition to these three parts, there are 11 cartons of the estate of Trutz of Trotha, which still have to be sorted, the first and most important part being the documents sorted out by Sebald himself. These were accommodated by Sebald in 149 folders and placed in a rotating shelf. These documents can be classified according to chronological, geographical-regional, thematic, authorial and archive signatures, the second part being an unsorted stack of documents devoted to a wide range of topics, from personal political views to scholarly works by other authors and final theses by students. These documents were sorted and arranged from November 2017 to April 2018. During the processing of the second part of the estate, various materials came to light: flyers, brochures and copies of published Togo literature, archival files, numerous manuscripts of his own works, newspaper articles, invitations to events related to the region, a large number of photographs from the period of colonialism to the present day, correspondence on various topics related to Togo. (Author: Leibniz Centre for Modern Oriental Studies, Library, Humanities Centres Berlin e.V.)
Letters from and to Glauning, manuscripts, collection of material especially on library studies and English studies, various material on activities in Munich and Leipzig, reports, brochures, collection of material on book covers, 1 box of literature indexes, excerpts, varia, books from the possession of Glauning etc. Correspondence from the registry of the Leipzig University Library until 1941 between the unbound correspondence of Glauning.
Best. 1825 contains files from the estate of Peter Faecke (born 1940) - writer, editor, composer, journalist, reporter, screenwriter, editor and publisher - which form the basis of his work as an author, especially manuscripts and material collections. The estate covers a term from 1961 to 2010.I. Takeover and useThe Peter Faecke of Cologne, who was elected, handed over his estate together with the list of papers to the Historical Archive of the City of Cologne on 29 November 2009. This was acquired under inventory number 2009/52. On 30.06.2010 he added further documents, which were registered under the access number 2010/20. Further taxes remain to be seen. In the tectonics of the archives, the estate is classified under the inventory number 1825 in the department of bequests and collections. six moving boxes filled with standing files, which contained perforated and stapled documents, were taken over. The files showed only minimal damage such as slight wrinkles, compression and dusting. After order and distortion at the end of 2011, the material worthy of archiving was removed from the standing files, cleaned, demetallized, re-bedded for archiving purposes and provided with the assigned signatures. Since January 2012, the original version of the Writers' Legacy has been available in the analogue reading room of the Historical Archive of the City of Cologne and is not subject to any restrictions on use. When citing, the form HAStK, order 1825, no. [] must be observed.II. Order and DistortionFirst of all, the stock was roughly sifted and compared with the list. Accordingly, with a few exceptions, the existing order of files was retained and only repealed where it was possible to create independent contexts or where it could be clearly seen that there had been an erroneous sorting on the part of the predecessor. Following the Bärschen principle, each standing folder and each extracted unit was then assigned a temporary number. After a thorough examination, a comprehensive description of the contents of each file unit was then made. As a result of this and in accordance with the rules for the indexing of estates and autographs, a basic thematic division of the holdings into general documents and documents relating to the work was carried out. In addition, a more specific subdivision of the manuscripts and material collections was made, oriented to the genre, and the units were pre-sorted accordingly. Afterwards an order was operated according to chronological principle and the order after final, sequential numbers was added. Subsequently the data base distortion took place in the archive software ActaPro. The two overarching classification points General, Correspondence and Criticism as well as Works and Collections of Materials were compiled, and the latter was subdivided into novels, radio contributions, screenplays and non-fiction texts. The units were then recorded and assigned to the respective classification points in the same way as the presorting, with the title field usually corresponding to the specific publication title and the exact content being made accessible by means of content and thesaurus notes. The formulation deliberately did not distinguish between manuscripts and typoscripts in the literal sense of the word, but referred to any draft text or concept, whether handwritten or typewritten, as manuscripts. Finally, cross-continuance indexes of objects, locations and persons were carried out and the inventory information was displayed on the meta level. Via an EAD-compliant interface, the data records of the holdings were exported to the archive portal of North Rhine-Westphalia, which guarantees Internet research.The indexing of Peter Faecke's estate was carried out as part of a practical indexing work for the master's degree in archive science at the Potsdam University of Applied Sciences in November and December 2011 in the indexing rooms of the Restoration and Digitisation Centre of the Historical Archive of the City of Cologne by the editor Nancy Nowik under the guidance of Dr. Gisela Fleckenstein, Head of Department 3 - Bequests and Collections.III. BiographyPeter Faecke was born on 3 October 1940 in Grundwald in Silesia. In the course of his expulsion from his homeland, the family moved to Hannoversch Münden in Lower Saxony in 1946. From 1961 to 1965 he studied Romance Languages, German and Philosophy in Göttingen, Berlin, Hamburg and Paris. In 1965 Faecke became the youngest editor to date of Westdeutscher Rundfunk in Cologne and remained loyal to WDR until 1990 as an editor in the Department of Culture and Science. His main role was that of rapporteur on Third World culture. He was significantly involved in the development and expansion of the literary program in radio at all. From 1982 to 1985, he also managed a media development project for German Development Aid in Peru, which was intended to serve the expansion of the state broadcasting system there, but had to be discontinued prematurely due to a worsening civil war. Peter Faecke also worked as a novelist during his studies and continues to do so successfully today. Since 1969 he has been a member of the Writers' Association P.E.N. Centre Germany and the Association of German Writers (VS). In 1971 he was even appointed guest lecturer for German literature at the University of Texas/USA in Austin. 1991 to 2003 he worked as a freelance journalist and writer at the WDR, travelled to Latin America and Africa for longer periods of time for research purposes and took action as a reporter from crisis areas.a. 1965 the Lower Saxony Prize for the Promotion of Literature for Young Artists, 1966 the NRW Prize, 1967 the City of Cologne Prize, 1978 a Villa Massimo Scholarship in Rome and 1991 as well as 1994 scholarships from the German Literature Fund e. V. Darmstadt. At the turn of the millennium he began publishing his own books within the BoD Norderstedt publishing house. With the founding of his publishing house Edition Köln in 2002/2003, Faecke established himself as a publisher of German and international fiction, crime literature and non-fiction. Edition Köln also serves its readers with eBooks.IV, among other things. Bibliography in selection (partly unpublished)The following list is intended to provide an overview of Peter Faecke's audio, literary and editorial oeuvre and thus of the diversity of his media work:a) Novels:1963 Die Brandstifter (former: Die Muschel), first published by Walter-Verlag, Olten und Freiburg;1965 Der rote Milan, first published by Walter-Verlag, Olten und Freiburg;1970-1973 Postversand-Roman - 11 regelmäßige Lieferungen, mit Wolf Vostell, first published by Luchterhand-Verlag, Neuwied/Darmstadt/Berlin;1982 Das unaufstostoppame Glück der Kowalskis. Prehistory, first published by Claassen Verlag, Düsseldorf;1988 Flug ins Leben, first published by Unionsverlag, Zurich;1991 Der Mann mit den besonderen Eigenschaften, unpublished (the manuscript was later completely discarded); after a new beginning this led to the novel Hochzeitvorbereitungen auf dem Lande, in the final version the second volume of the Kowalski project);1995 When Elizabeth Arden was nineteen, first published by Elster-Verlag, Baden-Baden and Zurich (revised version appeared as Landschaft mit Gärtner, first volume of the definitive Kowalski tetralogy);Die Zwei Bücher von der Heimat: I The lost years, and II The livestock dealer, the fool and the writer, publication unclear (precursor of the arrival of a shy man in heaven);2000 Arrival of a shy man in heaven, first published by Edition Köln at BoD, Norderstedt;2003 Wedding preparations in the countryside. The Kowalski Project II, Schelmenroman, first published by Edition Köln, Cologne (revised version of Arrival of a Shy One in Heaven); 2004 The Secret Videos of Mr. Vladimiro. Criminal pictures. The Kowalski Project (third volume of the Kowalski tetralogy), first published by Edition Köln, Cologne;2007 Die Geschichte meiner schönen Mama. The Kowalski Project IV, first published by Edition Köln, Cologne; 2007 Landschaft mit Gärtner. The Kowalski Project I, published by Edition Köln, Cologne (revised version of Als Elizabeth Arden neunzehn war);2007 Der Kardinal, ganz in Rot und frischbügelt (Kommissar Kleefisch-Serie I), first published by Edition Köln, Cologne;2008 Die Tango-Sängerin (Kommissar Kleefisch-Serie II), first published by Edition Köln, Cologne;2010 Fragment Wer getötete Kiki Diamant? (Der dritte Fall für Kleefisch), ebook reading sample published;b) Radio contributions:1965 Preface to the reading Der rote Milan (production: DLF);1966 Book criticism of Dieter Wellershof's Ein schöner Tag (production: WDR, Kulturelles Wort);1966 Criticism of Jacov Lind's Post Scriptum (production: WDR, Literarisches Studio);1966-1967 Kulturkommentare (production: WDR);1967 Erlebte Zeit - Die goldenen Jahre, aus der Sendereihe Wissenschaft und Bildung (Production: WDR);1967 Die Wiener Gruppe: Texte, Gemeinschaftsarbeiten und Chansons vorgestellt von Gerhard Rühm (Production: WDR, Kulturelles Wort);1968 Beitrag Kritisches Tagebuch (Production: WDR);1969 Hörspiel lesen sehen (Produktion: WDR);1969 Sendereihe Dokumente und Collagen (Production: WDR III. Programme, main department radio play);1970 programme Deutsche Wochenschau (production: SWF/SDR);1972 radio play Köln, Hohe Straße (production: WDR);1972 programme Literatur und Wahlkampf: Berichte und Analysen zur Beteiligung von Autoren am Bundestagswahllkampf 1972 mit Jürgen Alberts (production: WDR, Kulturelles Wort);1972 Lang-Gedicht Sätze für zwei und mehr, aus der Sendereihe Literarisches Studio (production: German long poem, sentences for two and more, from the series Literarisches Studio (production: German literary studio): WDR, Kulturelles Wort);1972 Moderationtext Deutsch in Texas - Berichte, Texte, Tonbänder zu einem Arbeitsauf Aufenthalt in den USA (Production: WDR3);1973 Radio play Hier ist das Deutsche Fernsehen mit der Tagessschau mit Rainer Ostendorf und Hein Brühl - Versuch einer alternativen Tagesschau in Zusammenarbeit mit Schülern der Hauptschule Köln-Kalk (Production: WDR III. Programme, main department radio play);1973 programme Die Biographie der Dinge - das Handschuhfach mit Rainer Ostendorf, from the series Literarisches Studio (production: WDR, Kulturelles Wort);1973-1974 radio series Die Fred Kowalski-Show (production: WDR, Kulturelles Wort);1976 radio play 48 PS - Zur Biografie der Autos mit Rainer Ostendorf (production: WDR);1976 programme Kein Fressen für die Banken! - The citizens' initiative Rheinpreußen-Siedlung in Duisburg-Homberg (3), from the series Bürger- und Arbeiterinitiativen in Nordrhein-Westfalen (Production: WDR, Kultur und Wissenschaft, published as audio book in the Studio für Strategische Kommunikation, Reithofen [1980]); 1977 Broadcast "Mit Prozessen überziehen... - Peter Faecke on proceedings against the citizens' initiative Rheinpreußen-Siedlung in Duisburg-Homberg Part 2 (9), from the series Autoren als Gerichtsreporter (production: WDR, Kultur und Wissenschaft);[1977-1979] Langzeit-Reihe Landprojekt (production: WDR, Kultur und Wissenschaft, as editor);[1978] Das Gummersbacher Testament - Zur Geschichte des Niedergangs der oberbergischen Textilindustrie. Materials, Memories, Conversations with Gerd Haag;1979 reportage by Klaus Wildenhahn and Gerd Haag "Da wo die Kamine smäu, da müssen später hin (1), aus der Reihe Leben und Arbeiten in Südwestfalen - ten approaches to the province;1979 Report by Gerd Haag and Heiner Taubert Every cow I put more in the stable has to be abolished by another farmer (2), from the series Life and work in South Westphalia - ten approaches to the province;1979 Report Komm her, was brauchst Du die Gewerkschaft, ein Bier kriest Du von mir (6), from the series Life and work in South Westphalia - ten approaches to the province;1979 Report by Friedhelm Melder Komm schon mal zum Wochenende - Die Bedeutung der Region als Naherholungsgebiet am Beispiel des Biggeseeses (8), from the series Leben und Arbeiten in Südwestfalen - ten approaches to the province;1979 Report by Dirk Gerhard Das Vergangene ist nicht tot, es ist nicht einmal vergangen (10), from the series Leben und Arbeiten in Südwestfalen - ten approaches to the province;1979 Resolut, with headscarf, basket, red cheeks, and something stupid in his head? - Women in the country. Prejudices - judgments, worked out with rural women from the Olpe/Sauerland district in encounter with women from Cologne and Gummersbach, recording and compilation by Mechthild Buschmann and Peter Faecke;1981 Patria o Muerte - Eine Westdeutsche Journalistengruppe in Kuba (production: RB/WDR/SFB);1981 show Guantanamera;1981 We say so openly, the bourgeoisie does not ...- radio stations in Cuba or Radio Reloj: Das Radio mit der Uhr;1983 series Leben und Arbeiten in Dortmund - nine approaches to the Ruhr area with Lothar Romain (production: WDR, Kultur und Wissenschaft);1985 reportage Lima die Schreckliche - report about a working stay in Peru (production: WDR/RB/SFB);1985 Report Lima the Terrible - II Report about a little man with a hat;1985 Report Lima the Terrible - III Report about Presidents;1985 About the Overflowing of the Andes;1985 The Long March of the Miners - Self Testimony of a Peruvian Miner's Woman (Production: WDR, Culture and Science);1986 Living you took her from us... - The Teatro Vivo from Guatemala. Reports on and from Central America on the occasion of a theatre performance (production: RB);1987 Report Das Kreuz des Südens (production: RB/SFB/SWF);1987 Programme Back to the Rio de la Plata - Zur Lage exilierter Rückkehrer nach Lateinamerika mit Hein Bruehl;1988 Report Nicht ich bin der Fremde, die Fremden sind die anderen - Portrait of the songwriter Daniel Viglietti from Uruguay (production: WDR3/RB);1989 reportage Chapinlandia - Ein Reisebericht aus Mittelamerika (Production: WDR1, Kultur und Wissenschaft);1993 broadcast Comrade Führer - Baghdad, two years after the 'Operation Desert Storm': Monitored Observations in Iraq (Production: SFB);1994 reportage Welcome, by my Eyes! - Journey through the autonomous region Kurdistan (Northern Iraq) (Production: SFB/WDR/SWF);1995 Documentation Petrified Forests, Dry Water - Journey through the Republic of Namibia (Southwest Africa) in the 5th Year of Independence (Production: SFB3);1996 Report The Elephant Bull and the Writers - Comments on Cocoa Land in Namibia, the Dying Himba Tribe and the German-Born Romancier Giselher W. Hoffmann, taking into account my own bias as an author (production: WDR/SFB);2000 broadcast Wenn bei uns ein Greis stirbt, dann burnt an entire library, from the series Forum Literatur, a.o. episode Amadou Hampaté Ba, the narrator and cultural archivist of the Sahel countries (production: WDR);2001 radio play Die geheimen Videos des Herrn Vladimiro (production: WDR);o. D. Funkerzählung Ein Fisch zuiel;c) Screenplays:1994 Documentary film screenplay Fritz lebt. Secret offender and Viehlosoph (production: Tiger TV GmbH, director: Elke Baur);1994 feature film script Eine Liebe zum Land (working title);d) factual texts:1964 Krebs und Katze;1967 essay clatch as clatch can;1971 text For example Cologne: Hohe Straße;1972 Excerpt from Als Elizabeth Arden neunzehn war, in: Akzente;Essay Köln: Bahnhofsvorplatz;Article Arbeiterpathos und literarische Sonntagsmalerei;1973 Gefahr ging eigentlich nur von Linksaußen Volkert aus dem Arbeitstitel: About the chancellor election '72 in the FRG;1974 essay Hohe Straße, in: Notebook - Neun Autoren, Wohnsitz Köln, Kiepenheuer
- on the Gauger/Heiland family: Joseph Gauger is the first person documented in the collection with originals. He was descended from a Swabian family that can be traced back to the 16th century and that early confessed to Pietism. His father, Johann Martin Gauger (1816-1873), was head of the Paulinenpflege, his half-brother Gottlob Gauger (1855-1885) was in the service of the Basler Mission and was active 1878-1888 in Africa at the Gold Coast and afterwards in Cameroon, where he died. Joseph Gauger's brother Samuel (1859-1941) was also a pastor and last dean in Ludwigsburg. Born in 1866 in Winnenden, Joseph Gauger became an orphan early on, at the age of 13. He graduated from the Karlsgymnasium in Stuttgart. He first attended the teacher training seminar in Esslingen and became a teacher in Dürnau after graduating. From 1889 to 1893 he studied law in Tübingen, then Protestant theology. Afterwards he became vicar in Mägerkingen and Großheppach, 1898 finally town parish administrator in Giengen. The emerging Swabian career was broken off by the marriage with Emeline Gesenberg from Elberfeld. She was to stay in Elberfeld to care for her father, so the young couple moved into their parents' house in Hopfenstraße 6. There was also a Pietist community in Elberfeld. Joseph Gauger found employment as the second inspector of the Protestant Society, which provided him with a solid foundation for an equally pietistic career in his new Rhineland homeland. Later he was able to obtain the position of Director of the Evangelical Society. The Evangelical Society in Elberfeld had dedicated itself to mission in Germany since 1848. Here Gauger became responsible for the publishing work and the so-called writing mission. Since 1906 he was editor of the weekly "Licht und Leben", an activity he carried out until 1938, shortly before his death. From 1923 he also published the widely read political monthly "Gotthardbriefe". In 1911 Gauger became a member of the board of the Gnadauer Verband and in 1921 - not least because of his musical talent - chairman of the Evangelischer Sängerbund. In 1921 he also became a member of the Constituent Assembly of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union. His favourite sister Maria married Jakob Ziegler, who worked at the Ziegler Institutions in the pietist community of Wilhelmsdorf (near Ravensburg) as a senior teacher and later director at the boys' institution. Due to the very intensive correspondence and frequent visits to his sister, Joseph Gauger remained attached to Swabian pietism. During the Third Reich, Joseph Gauger and his family were followers of the Confessing Church. Joseph Gauger was finally banned from publishing, his publication organ "Licht und Leben" was banned, and in 1939 he was expelled from the Reichsschrifttumskammer. In 1934 his son Martin refused the oath to Adolf Hitler, whereupon he - a young public prosecutor - was dismissed from public service. Since 1935 he has worked as a lawyer for the 1st Temporary Church Administration of the German Evangelical Church and since February 1936 for the Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany in Berlin. When the war broke out in 1939, he also refused military service and fled to the Netherlands. However, he was seized here, arrested and later taken to the Buchenwald concentration camp. He therefore had to give up his church service in 1940. In 1941 he was murdered by the Nazis in the Sonnenstein Killing Institute near Pirna. The younger son of Joseph Gauger, Joachim, was also harassed by the Gestapo for his work for the Gotthard Letters and "Light and Life". After the death of Joseph Gauger (1939) and the complete destruction of the Gauger House in Elberfeld following an air raid in June 1943, the family returned to the south. Siegfried Gauger, after a short time as town vicar in Schwäbisch Gmünd, had already become town priest in Möckmühl in 1933 and had settled there with his wife Ella. Martha Gauger has lived in Heidenheim since her marriage to Theo Walther in 1934. Hedwig Heiland moved in 1943 to Gemmrigheim, the new parish of her husband. The parsonage there also offered space for the mother Emeline Gauger and the nanny of the Gauger children, Emilie Freudenberger. A little later, after her early retirement in 1947, her sister Maria Gauger also moved to Gemmrigheim. After his release from captivity as a prisoner of war, Joachim Gauger had also moved professionally to Möckmühl, where he ran the Aue publishing house. Only Paul Gerhard had stayed in Wuppertal, where he lived in the Vohwinkel district. Emeline Gauger's mother and sister Maria moved from Gemmrigheim to Möckmühl in 1951, which became the centre of the Gauger family, as a result of the forthcoming move of the Heilands to Stuttgart. Because now the mother lived here with three of her children: Siegfried, Maria and Joachim. The family gathered here regularly for sociable celebrations and the grandchildren of Emeline Gauger often came to visit here during the holidays. It was not until the grandson generation of Emeline and Joseph Gauger entered working life in the 1970s that the family scattered throughout Germany. Despite everything, this generation remained in contact with each other and organized regular family reunions. 2nd history of the stock: Bettina Heiland, Marburg, and Susanne Fülberth, Berlin, handed over the family documents Gauger/Heiland to the Main State Archives for safekeeping in January 2011 after the death of their mother Hedwig Heiland. Some further documents were submitted in June 2013. Hedwig Heiland, née Gauger, born 1914, was the youngest child of Joseph and Emeline Gauger and had survived all siblings and close relatives at the age of 96. The documents handed over originate from different persons in the family. Important documents come from her aunt Maria Ziegler, her father's favourite sister who lives in Wilhelmsdorf. She kept the letters of Joseph Gauger and his wife to their relatives in Wilhelmsdorf (to which she also belonged), a remarkable series of correspondence. Memorabilia such as her place card for the wedding of Joseph and Emeline in Elberfeld in 1898 and individual books by Joseph Gauger and the history of the family are also included. After her death Hedwig Heiland received her from her daughter Ruth Dessecker. Other documents come from mother Emeline Gauger, including letters to her and valuable memorabilia as well as files. They must have come to Hedwig Heiland after her death in 1964 or after the death of her daughter Maria, who lived with her. The documents of the brother Siegfried, city priest in Möckmühl, who died in 1981, are also rich. They date back to before 1943, when the parents' house in Elberfeld was destroyed. Worth mentioning are the dense series of letters of his brother Martin (the Nazi victim) and his parents, as well as his sister Hedwig to him. Furthermore there are letters of Sister Maria (until she moved to Möckmühl in 1950). Less dense is the letter tradition of the brothers Paul Gerhard and Emil Gauger to the city priest. Only the memorial book of the young Siegfried, which has a very high memorial value, his children did not want to do without. It is therefore only available as a copy, but in two copies. Sister Maria Gauger was primarily important as a photographer from the early days of Elberfeld. In addition to files on her own life and fate, she kept a family guest book in Möckmühl, which contains many interesting entries on family life and mutual visits. This is also included in the original stock. Her cousin Maria Keppler, née Ziegler, and her husband Friedrich also sent documents to Hedwig Heiland, especially correspondence and photographs. After the death of her husband Alfred in 1996, the documents of the older family Heiland also came to Hedwig Heiland and were kept by her. These were correspondences and the pastor's official records as well as family history materials, investigations and genealogical tables, but also documents from the mother Anna Heiland. In addition, the family of Hedwig and Alfred Heiland had a large number of younger records. Hedwig Heiland also proved to be a collector here, who rarely threw away a document and preferred to keep it. It didn't stop at collecting and picking up. Hedwig Heiland also arranged the documents and supplemented them with his own notes and investigations. Numerous notes on the family history of Gauger bear witness to this. Hedwig Gauger read the letters from her youth, extracted important dates and took notes. On the basis of the documents she kept and evaluated, she made a film in 2007 entitled "This is how I experienced it. Memories of my family and my life, told by Hedwig Heiland née Gauger" (DVDs in P 39 Bü 469). It consists essentially of an interview with her and numerous photos about her life and the fate of her family. Hedwig Heiland was particularly committed to the rehabilitation of her brother Martin. She intensively supported the research on his fate with information, compilations and also with the lending of documents. She collected the results, i.e. books and essays, and compiled the state of research almost completely. For the exhibition "Justiz im Nationalsozialismus" she read letters of her brother Martin Gauger and other documents about his life, which are stored as audio documents on a CD (P 39 Bü 468). Despite the richness of the available material, gaps in the tradition are to be noted. The sudden destruction of the Elberfelder Haus der Gaugers in 1943 resulted in a severe loss of family documents. About Maria Ziegler from Wilhelmsdorf and Siegfried Gauger, who did not live in Elberfeld anymore at that time, other documents from this time have fortunately been preserved, which compensate this gap somewhat. Another gap exists in the correspondence of Hedwig Heiland during the 70s to 90s of the last century. Even then, there must have been a rich correspondence, of which there is hardly anything left. The correspondence of Hedwig Heiland, on the other hand, which has been richer again since 2000, is present; it was hardly ordered, but has not yet been thrown away. In 1993 documents concerning Martin Gauger were handed over to the Landeskirchlichen Archiv Hannover for archiving. They received the inventory signature N 125 Dr. Martin Gauger. The 1995 find book on these documents is available in the inventory as no. 519. 3rd order of the stock: The documents originate from different provenances and had been arranged accordingly. A delivery list could be prepared and handed over for the inventory. Letters from Hedwig Gauger to his fiancé Alfred Heiland from the 40 years and also the letters in the opposite direction have been numbered consecutively, which points to a very intensive reading and thorough order, which, however, is an extreme case. In the letters Joseph Gauger wrote to his sister Maria after 1920, the covers of the tufts contain summaries of the most important pieces and references to outstanding family events mentioned in the letters. This information can be used as a guide during use. However, the original order of the documents was badly confused by the frequent use by the family and by third parties. One has not or wrongly reduced the taken out pieces. Frequently, individual letters were found in the photo albums with photos that were related to the content of the letter, but had to be returned to the original series. A photo album (P 39 Bü 353) had been divided into individual sheets so that the photos required for publications could be passed on to third parties as print copies. Hedwig Heiland had attached self-adhesive yellow notes to many letters and provided them with notes and references in order to be able to orientate herself better in her family-historical research. For conservation reasons, these notes had to be removed. In addition to the restoration of the original order, further measures were necessary for the order of the stock. Many documents were too broadly characterised as "other" or "miscellaneous". Tufts with very different contents were incorporated into existing units. A larger box still contained completely disordered, but nevertheless valuable letters from the period 1943-1952, which had to be sorted and indexed. Thematically similar tufts could often be combined into one unit. For example, mixed tufts containing letters from different scribes to the same recipient were divided and transformed into tufts with uniform scribes. This order according to the principle "a tuft, a letter writer" could not always be carried out. Letters of the married couple Emeline and Joseph Gauger, for example (to Maria Ziegler) are so closely interlocked that they cannot be split into two separate tufts. Sometimes Emeline signed her husband's letter with a short greeting of her own, sometimes she is greeted in the name of both, but often Emeline wrote her own passages on the letterhead and sometimes there are whole letters from her. Separation is also impossible in terms of content. Similarly, letters from Emeline Gauger and Maria Gauger in their Möckmühl days cannot be separated from those of Siegfried Gauger. Such letters were classified according to the author author. The index refers to the other persons. The present order and indexing was based on family interests. Essentially, in addition to the corrections and restructuring measures mentioned above, the documents had to be arranged and made accessible for scientific research. For this reason, a greater depth of indexing was necessary, above all, by means of title recordings with detailed content annotations. An overall order of the holdings according to the different origins of the documents did not prove to be meaningful for a family archive of the present size. The uniformity of the documents produced by Hedwig Heiland was therefore accepted and maintained. Accordingly, the title recordings of the correspondence of members of the Gauger family are arranged according to the letter writer and not according to the letter recipient. Letters usually contain more information about the author than about the recipient. Letters from non-family members and from letter writers to whom little material has grown, on the other hand, were classified according to the recipient principle ("Letters from different correspondence partners to XY"). The present collection documents the fate of a Swabian family closely linked to Pietism over almost two centuries. Outstanding is the relatively well-known theologian Joseph Gauger, who is richly documented with his correspondence and in his writings. The marriage of his sister Maria Ziegler also gives a glimpse of the Pietist settlement in Wilhelmsdorf and the Ziegler Institutions. The family's attitude during the Nazi period and especially the fate of his son Martin, who was imprisoned for his conscientious objection and finally killed, are also reflected in the inventory. Relations with the family of the Berlin prison pastor and member of the Kreisau district of Harald Poelchau are also documented. Dense series of letters from the Second World War (letters from Hedwig Heiland to her husband Alfred, letters from Alfred Heiland to his wife Hedwig, letters from Maria Gauger to her brother Siegfried) tell of the hard everyday life of the World War II. In addition, the collection illuminates the everyday family life of a Swabian family over at least two generations. The collection comprises 529 units in 5.20 linear metres, the duration extends from 1882 to 2010 with prefiles from 1831. 4. Literature: Article Joseph Gauger in Württembergische Biographien I (2006) S. 87-88 (Rainer Lächele) Article Joseph Gauger in NDB Vol. 6 S. 97-98 (Karl Halaski)Article Joseph Gauger in Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie Bd. 3 S. 584Article Martin Gauger in Wikipedia http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Gauger Further literature is included in stockStuttgart, June 2013Dr. Peter Schiffer
Inventory description: Dept. 180/1 Heylsche Lederwerke Liebenau Scope: 260 archive boxes and 7 linear metres of books/standing (= 1104 units of registration = 40 linear metres) Duration: 1879 - 1975 Acquisition, history of the inventory Dept. 180/1 comprises the most complete company archive within the archive holdings of the Worms municipal archive. It represents the development of the Worms leather industry, especially in the period from about 1922 to the end of production after its discontinuation at the factory in Worms-Neuhausen in 1974. There are no losses during the war, cassations of the material, of which nothing is known in detail, were obviously limited. After the end of production in the Liebenau plant (Neuhausen, area Kurfürstenstraße, today the workshops and administration of Lebenshilfe Worms are located there), the inventory, initially operating as Abt. 169 (until its renaming in 1996), was taken over by the Worms municipal archives in 1974 in consultation with Mr Ludwig Frhr. v. Heyl, born in 1920. Until 2008, it was stored in a standing position (mainly file folders, cf. fig.) in the Adenauerring office building, Oberer Keller, with a circumference of 49 linear metres. When the files were selected for submission to the archives, a considerable part of the documents relating to the work (which in turn were mixed with Heyl's family archives) was separated from the parts handed over to the archives; this part was transferred to the municipal archives in 1997 as Dept. 185. The latter, a very rich and extensive collection, has been listed since 2007 and contains both company and private documents of the von Heyl family. It is essential to use the inventory to supplement the source material available here (cf. in future the preface to the finding aid book). The archive holdings of Dept. 180/1 did not have a clear internal structure at the time of its transfer and were first opened up or provisionally in 1993/94 by the student Mr Burkhard Herd in preparation for his diploma thesis on the leather industry, written at the University of Mannheim in 1994, from 1933 to 1945 (using Heyl-Liebenau as an example). Herd numbered the folders and staplers (approx. 650 units) and entered them (without running times and closer registration according to the usually available back titles) into an alphabetical list of topics, which was able to convey a very compressed first impression of the material with twelve pages. Herd's subsequent work (masch. 144 p.) includes a partial evaluation of questions of Nazi economic history using the example of the leather industry. In this form the stock was always to be used only very limitedly. In 1993, Volker Brecher last evaluated the documents for his study on working conditions in the leather industry during the Second World War as well as for the question of the use of forced labourers. In 2007, Christoph Hartmann presented an analysis of selected aspects of company development in the 1920s. Apart from that, the value of the rich source material for the economic history of Worms and the entire development of the leather industry has remained unused to this day, even nationwide, due to the fact that it has not been developed. From December 2007 to the end of February 2009, the entire holdings were completely listed by the signatory and entered into 'Augias'. In the process, a classification was developed which attempts to take into account the essential overdelivery characteristics and structures of the material. The material was successively brought to the Raschi House and is mainly stored here. The classification reaches its limits where (how often) the documents mix family-private affairs with company matters, where foreign business and domestic activities are intertwined (this applies to the entire field of correspondence) and the like. There have been relatively clear distinctions in the area of personnel and the activities of the company director in committees, chambers and associations since 1942 and 1949, respectively. Main focus and significance About half of the documents are divided between the time before and after 1945; there were probably no war losses. The value of the stock for economic historical research is to be estimated very highly. The main focus in terms of time was between 1922/23 (independence of the company) and 1962 (death of Ludwig C. v. Heyl sen.) or the end of production in 1974. At the end of the 60s the factory still employed about 400 people. Heyl'schen Lederwerke Liebenau in Neuhausen was taken over in 1901 by Cornelius Wilhelm v. Heyl through the acquisition of the shares and integrated into Heyl'sche Gesamtunternehmen. The goatskin factory, which has existed since the end of the 19th century (formerly Schlösser
Histoire de l'inventeur : fondements juridiques Au début du XIXe siècle, l'Allemagne comptait 29 droits de brevet et systèmes de privilège différents, chacun ayant un effet territorial, et une grande fragmentation juridique prévalait dans le domaine de la protection de la propriété industrielle. La loi sur les brevets du 25 mai 1877 (RGBl. p. 501), élaborée par une commission des brevets de la Chancellerie du Reich, a mis fin à cette situation. C'était plus favorable à l'industrie qu'à l'inventeur parce que le premier demandeur, et non l'inventeur, avait droit à la délivrance et que les brevets pouvaient être exploités commercialement. Chacun avait le droit d'examiner les documents de subvention. Dès lors, les descriptions et les dessins sont publiés officiellement. Bien que la possibilité d'octroyer des licences à des tiers sans transférer le droit des brevets ait été prévue, le titulaire du brevet était soumis à une obligation de licence indirecte trois ans après l'octroi. La base juridique de l'Office impérial des brevets a été constituée par la loi sur les brevets susmentionnée et l'ordonnance du 18 juin 1877 sur l'établissement, la procédure et le cours des affaires de l'Office des brevets (RGBl. p. 533). Cependant, la protection par brevet n'était pas encore assez efficace et le nombre de demandes augmenta, de sorte qu'une nouvelle loi sur les brevets (RGBl. p. 79) fut adoptée le 4 avril 1891. D'abord et avant tout, elle a renforcé les droits des titulaires de brevets. La notion de nouveauté au sens de l'article 2 de la loi a été limitée et, sous certaines conditions, la suspension de la publication a été rendue possible. La loi sur la protection des modèles d'utilité du 1er juin 1891 (RGBl. p. 290) complète la loi sur les brevets et, comme elle, entre en vigueur le 1er octobre 1891. C'était devenu nécessaire, puisque la loi sur le droit d'auteur sur les dessins et modèles du 11 janvier 1876 (RGBl. p. 11) ne protégeait que les brevets dits de dessins et modèles, mais pas les modèles servant à accroître la facilité d'utilisation (modèles d'utilité). La loi du 12 mai 1894 sur la protection de la désignation des marchandises (RGBl. p. 441) a permis une nouvelle unification de la protection des droits de propriété industrielle. Jusqu'en 1874, il n'existait que des droits d'enseigne régionaux dans cette région. La loi du 30 novembre 1874 sur la protection des marques (RGBl. p. 1943) avait conféré compétence pour l'enregistrement aux tribunaux locaux. Cette tâche incombait désormais également à l'Office des brevets. La loi sur les conseils en brevets du 21 mai 1900 (RGBl. p. 233 ; révisée par la loi sur les conseils en brevets du 28 septembre 1933 (cf. RGBl. II p. 669) a introduit une liste de mandataires agréés dans les procédures devant l'Office des brevets, une Commission d'examen et une Cour d'honneur des conseils en brevets. Les efforts de réforme importants entrepris depuis 1900 environ, qui ont abouti en 1913 à la rédaction par le gouvernement du Reich d'un projet de nouvelle loi sur les brevets et d'une nouvelle loi sur les modèles d'utilité, ont été interrompus par le déclenchement de la Première Guerre mondiale. La loi sur les brevets du 5 mai 1936 (RGBl. II p. 117) a principalement apporté des changements qui ont profité à l'inventeur, notamment le remplacement du principe du demandeur par celui de l'inventeur, le soutien aux inventeurs impécunieux et un délai de grâce. Le droit des brevets devrait protéger la propriété intellectuelle de l'inventeur. La loi sur les modèles d'utilité du 5 mai 1936 (RGBl. II p. 130) a aligné le droit matériel des modèles d'utilité et le droit procédural sur la loi sur les brevets. La nouvelle loi sur les marques du 5 mai 1936 (RGBl. II p. 134) apporte également diverses innovations. Au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, outre l'introduction de brevets secrets et de possibilités d'appel limitées, le droit des inventions des employés a également progressé dans l'intérêt de l'industrie de l'armement. Tâches de l'Office des brevets Les tâches principales de l'Office des brevets étaient la délivrance des brevets et la décision de nullité ou de révocation des brevets ainsi que l'octroi des licences obligatoires. Il en est résulté une double fonction, à la fois en tant qu'autorité administrative et en tant qu'autorité judiciaire. Les décisions de nullité pouvaient faire l'objet d'un recours devant le Reichsoberhandelsgericht de Leipzig et, à partir du 1er octobre 1879, devant le Reichsgericht. Un domaine d'activité particulier de l'Office des brevets du Reich pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale a été la rétorsion des brevets. Sur la base du § 26 de l'Ordonnance sur le traitement des biens hostiles du 15 janvier 1940 (RGBl I p. 191), le ministre de la Justice du Reich a publié plusieurs ordonnances sur les droits de propriété industrielle et les droits d'auteur des ressortissants étrangers dans les années suivantes. Si des ressortissants ou des entreprises allemands étaient soumis à des restrictions sur l'utilisation de brevets étrangers en raison de l'absence d'accords ou de traités bilatéraux sur la base de lois exceptionnelles, et si des entreprises étrangères accordaient un traitement différent aux citoyens de ces États étrangers en représailles de leurs propres brevets, ils étaient indemnisés par le Reich allemand des pertes financières subies. Afin de sauvegarder les intérêts généraux, des droits d'exercice pourraient être accordés aux sociétés allemandes en ce qui concerne les droits de propriété des ressortissants étrangers en vigueur en Allemagne. Il est également possible de suspendre la délivrance de brevets ou d'enregistrer des modèles d'utilité et des marques. Les ordonnances correspondantes ont été rendues par le Président de l'Office des brevets du Reich, dont la décision n'était pas susceptible de recours. Organisation Au début de ses activités, l'Office des brevets était divisé en six divisions des demandes (pour les demandes de brevet) et une division des nullités. Il n'y avait pas de chambres de recours distinctes, puisque l'une des autres chambres de recours statuait sur les recours formés contre les décisions de l'une d'elles. La loi sur les brevets de 1891 a créé pour la première fois une séparation fonctionnelle claire entre les départements des demandes, des recours et des nullités ainsi qu'une procédure d'examen préliminaire par les membres des départements des demandes. La loi de 1891 sur les modèles d'utilité a rendu nécessaire la création d'un bureau de dépôt des modèles d'utilité. Toutefois, la procédure d'annulation du modèle d'utilité s'est déroulée devant les tribunaux ordinaires. La loi de 1894 sur les marques a conduit à la création de départements des marques. Le 31 octobre 1917, le Bureau des brevets a été séparé du portefeuille du Reichsamt des Innern et subordonné au Reichsjustizamt. Le 24 mars 1919, elle reçut la dénomination "Reichspatentamt" (RPA). En 1926, le Grand Sénat a été créé au sein de l'Office des brevets du Reich, qui a reçu le pouvoir de décision sur les questions juridiques fondamentales. Les lois sur la protection de la propriété industrielle de 1936 ont entraîné les changements organisationnels suivants : Dans le domaine des brevets, les départements des demandes de brevet, des appels et des nullités ont été rebaptisés Sénats, dirigés par des présidents de Sénat. Dans le domaine des marques, il y avait désormais des services des marques et des comités d'examen des plaintes. Dans le domaine des modèles d'utilité, la compétence en matière d'annulation de modèle d'utilité a été transférée des tribunaux civils à l'Office des brevets. C'est pourquoi, outre l'Unité des modèles d'utilité, qui est responsable des demandes, il existe également des divisions des modèles d'utilité qui s'occupent des annulations. Par ordonnance du 17 juin 1938 (RGBl. I p. 638), l'Office autrichien des brevets et le Tribunal autrichien des brevets ont été repris avec effet au 1er juillet 1938 et intégrés à l'Office des brevets du Reich comme succursale autrichienne. La succursale fut cependant fermée par décret du ministre de la Justice du Reich du 23 décembre 1941 (voir "Deutsche Justiz" 1942, p. 13) le 31 mars 1942 (voir R 131/587-589, 794-796, 1021-1025). En avril 1945, l'Office des brevets du Reich arrêta ses activités. En raison des conséquences de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, des offices des brevets distincts se sont développés dans les deux États allemands, en République fédérale d'Allemagne, l'Office allemand des brevets (DPA) basé à Munich avec un bureau à Berlin et en République démocratique allemande l'Office des inventions et des brevets (AfEP). L'évolution du personnel de l'Office des brevets Outre le président, qui portait le titre de "président" depuis la publication du 26 octobre 1882, une distinction a été faite dans le personnel de l'Office des brevets entre les membres permanents et non permanents et les "autres" agents (agents auxiliaires). D'une part, il y avait des membres ayant des connaissances juridiques, c'est-à-dire qualifiés pour exercer des fonctions de juge ou des fonctions administratives supérieures, et d'autre part, il y avait des membres techniques, c'est-à-dire des experts dans un domaine technique, qui travaillaient tous à temps partiel pendant les premières années de l'Office des brevets. En 1877, le Bureau des brevets employait au total 39 personnes. Au cours de l'expansion du personnel, le nombre d'employés est passé de 39 (1877) à 172 (1889), mais le nombre de membres n'a augmenté que de 22 à 36, ce qui s'explique par l'embauche accrue d'assistants techniques (assistants scientifiques). Suite à la réorganisation par la loi sur les brevets de 1891, qui a également entraîné la nomination des membres à vie, le nombre d'employés est passé de plus de 600 (1900) à près de 1.000 (1914). Le nombre de techniciens a augmenté de plus en plus par rapport au nombre d'avocats. Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, de plus en plus de femmes ont été embauchées comme auxiliaires. Après la guerre, le niveau de 1914 n'a été atteint qu'en 1926 avec environ 1 000 employés. A partir de 1930, le nombre d'employés a commencé à augmenter rapidement pour atteindre son maximum en 1939 avec environ 1900 personnes. Coopération internationale : La première coopération internationale a eu lieu à l'occasion de la "Convention de Paris pour la protection de la propriété industrielle" du 20 mars 1883 (voir R 131/1049-1052, 1055). Cependant, ce n'est que le 1er mars 1903 que l'Allemagne l'a rejointe. Depuis lors, l'accord est considéré comme faisant partie du droit interne allemand. Ses principales dispositions étaient la priorité de l'Union et le traitement national de tous les citoyens de l'Union. Depuis la révision de 1911, ce traitement s'applique également aux modèles d'utilité et aux marques. L'"Arrangement de Madrid concernant l'enregistrement international des marques" du 14 avril 1891 (cf. R 131/1040, 1077-1081), auquel l'Allemagne a adhéré en 1924, est également particulièrement important. Cela a conduit à la création de l'Office des Marques pour l'Enregistrement International des Marques auprès de l'Office des Brevets du Reich. Description de l'inventaire : Historique de l'inventaire Comme d'autres bureaux administratifs, l'Office des brevets du Reich, situé Gitschiner Strasse 97-103 à Berlin, a externalisé une grande partie de ses documents vers d'autres sites pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. A partir de 1943, les documents secrets, l'ensemble du matériel d'examen, les dossiers des 21 départements de brevets ainsi que la quasi-totalité des documents relatifs aux demandes de brevets en instance (environ 180.000 dossiers de délivrance de brevets de première instance) sont arrivés en Silésie, un pénitencier vacant à Striegau et dans la ville de Jauer. Les documents secrets concernant les demandes de brevet, les modèles d'utilité secrets, les brevets délivrés et les brevets spéciaux furent ramenés à Berlin en janvier 1945 et dans une mine de potasse abandonnée à Heringen (Werra) en février 1945. Les dossiers personnels ainsi que la plupart des fonds de la bibliothèque de l'Office des brevets du Reich (environ 300.000 volumes) et l'"Index", le registre des brevets depuis 1939, y ont également été déplacés - à l'exception de la lettre R, dont le registre est resté au Striegau. Striegau fut occupé le 10 février 1945 par les troupes soviétiques qui firent sauter la prison. Tout le matériel d'examen, les dossiers de 18 divisions de brevets et le registre des brevets pour la lettre R ont été victimes des flammes. Les restes récupérés après la reconquête de la ville par les troupes allemandes ont été apportés à Heringen. Le matériel d'examen et les dossiers des trois départements de brevets restants, qui étaient auparavant conservés à Jauer, ont été transférés à Eger et de là à Lichtenfels. D'autres parties, surtout les livres et le matériel d'examen, ont été fuies du Striegau en mars 1945 vers un atelier forestier à Bayerisch-Eisenstein. Ces documents ont survécu aux troubles des derniers jours de la guerre. Toutefois, le sort des documents écrits transférés à Jauer est incertain. Parmi les documents restants à Berlin, surtout les dossiers de délivrance de brevets de deuxième instance, c'est-à-dire les procédures d'appel et de nullité, ainsi que les dossiers de modèles d'utilité et de marques, une grande partie ont été victimes des effets de la guerre dans les derniers mois de la guerre. Presque tous les dossiers de marques (environ 520.000), les documents sur les marques déposées internationalement protégées en Allemagne, presque tous les dossiers de modèles d'utilité (environ 160.000) et de nombreux dossiers administratifs ont été détruits par des bombes. En particulier, les dossiers de l'administration du personnel ont été complètement détruits. Surtout, les rôles de brevet, de modèle d'utilité et de marque ont été conservés. Après leur invasion de Berlin le 27 mai 1945, les troupes soviétiques ont confisqué et partiellement retiré les demandes de brevet en appel (environ 2 787), les dossiers de brevets délivrés pour lesquels aucune spécification de brevet imprimée n'était encore disponible (environ 150 000), une collection de spécifications de brevets allemands (environ 14 000 volumes), des parties des collections de la bibliothèque sur des problèmes techniques importants, tous les mémoires et une partie des fichiers administratifs. Les quelque 150 000 demandes de brevet qui n'avaient pas encore été traitées étaient apparemment considérées comme sans importance, car seules des copies de celles-ci pouvaient être trouvées ; les originaux avaient été brûlés au Striegau. Les documents non saisis par l'URSS sont restés au Bureau de Berlin, y compris les dossiers administratifs sur les affaires juridiques, les conseils en brevets, les affaires budgétaires et les affaires en espèces, et ont ensuite été remis au Bureau de Berlin de l'Office allemand des brevets. L'Office des brevets du Reich avait déjà soumis au Reichsarchiv de Brauhausberg à Potsdam des documents qui n'étaient plus nécessaires dans le cadre de ses activités. Ces documents ont été détruits en avril 1945, lorsque le Reichsarchiv a brûlé après le bombardement. Après l'invasion de Berlin par les Alliés occidentaux, le bureau de l'Office des brevets du Reich s'est retrouvé dans le secteur de la ville occupé par les Etats-Unis. L'organisation américaine "Organization Field Information Agency Technical" (FIAT) a produit des microfilms de ses documents non détruits, en particulier des demandes de brevet, qui ont été apportés aux États-Unis. Le "British Intelligence Objective Sub-Committee" (BIOS) a compilé des extraits des dossiers de brevets qui ont été mis à la disposition du public en 22 volumes. Dans le puits de Heringen, le personnel de SD avait détruit d'importants brevets et dossiers secrets (95 %) ainsi que des dossiers personnels avant l'occupation par les troupes américaines. Une grande partie des documents qui s'y trouvaient encore, y compris certaines des demandes secrètes non encore traitées et le registre secret des brevets, ainsi que les dossiers saisis à Lichtenfels et à Bayerisch-Eisenstein, ont été transportés aux États-Unis, notamment au dépôt de dossiers de l'armée américaine à Alexandrie près de Washington. En juillet 1945, le Bureau des brevets reçut l'autorisation de reprendre ses activités. Avec le soutien du gouvernement de Kassel, il a été transféré à l'Institut géologique de l'Université de Marburg en tant qu'Office pour la recherche pédologique. Ses dossiers étaient stockés dans la fosse de Beilstein près d'Oberscheld. En janvier 1946, les documents nécessaires aux travaux dans la Grande Hesse sont séparés de ceux relatifs aux territoires occupés par l'Union soviétique. C'est ainsi que les documents pertinents pour les provinces du Schleswig-Holstein, de Hanovre, d'Oldenburg, de Braunschweig, de Westphalie, de Rhénanie et d'Allemagne du Sud sont arrivés à Beilstein. Les Etats-Unis ont remis la bibliothèque de l'Office des brevets du Reich à l'Office allemand des brevets, nouvellement ouvert à Munich en 1949, avec un volume d'environ 350.000 volumes ainsi que des photocopies des dossiers confisqués. Les documents de l'Office des brevets du Reich qui ont été transférés aux États-Unis ont été restitués à la République fédérale d'Allemagne dans les années 1950 et 1960. La plupart des documents ont été envoyés directement à l'Office allemand des brevets à Munich, y compris les dossiers du personnel sauvés de la destruction dans le puits de Heringen. L'ancienne succursale de l'Office des brevets du Reich à Berlin a officiellement repris ses activités au début des années 1950. Cet office fiduciaire de l'Office des brevets du Reich - Office d'information sur les droits de propriété intellectuelle a été repris en 1968 en tant qu'office berlinois de l'Office allemand des brevets. Les dossiers de l'Office des brevets du Reich appartenant au groupe d'archives 1016 à Alexandrie (112 boîtes) ont été retournés aux Archives fédérales en 1959, qui les ont transférés la même année à Munich. Parmi les éléments de la tradition de l'Office des brevets du Reich conservés par l'Union soviétique figurent 132 dossiers qui ont été transférés du Département secret du Ministère de l'agriculture de l'URSS vers les "Archives spéciales" dans les années 60. Ces fichiers, qui concernent exclusivement le domaine de l'agriculture, couvrent la période 1935-1942 et sont indexés dans un index en langue russe. Ils se trouvent encore aujourd'hui dans les archives destinées au stockage des "dossiers de butin", qui sont aujourd'hui subordonnées aux Archives militaires centrales de l'État russe (voir www.sonderarchiv.de). Documents généraux Les documents généraux de l'Office des brevets du Reich ont été transférés directement des Alliés occidentaux à l'Office allemand des brevets. En 1972, elle a remis le bureau berlinois de l'Office des brevets aux Archives fédérales (accès n° I 77/72). Jusqu'à la fin de la guerre, toutes les demandes de brevet n'ont pas pu être traitées par l'Office des brevets du Reich. Les dossiers de brevets des cas dans lesquels aucun brevet ne pouvait plus être délivré en raison des événements de guerre des années 1944-1945 et qui n'avaient pas été annoncés ont été confisqués entre 1945 et 1947 avec d'autres documents techniques et scientifiques d'abord militaires, puis civils "équipes d'enquête" des Anglais et des Américains. L'intérêt de l'industrie britannique et américaine pour les procédés de fabrication de l'économie de guerre allemande a été déterminant dans le choix du matériau. Sur la base de ces fichiers, des experts des deux parties ont rédigé des rapports de recherche, appelés "Rapports", sur des entreprises individuelles ou des divisions de production, ainsi que de courtes descriptions DeepL, appelées "Résumés", et les ont mis à la disposition du public. La Grande-Bretagne a publié les "British Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee Overall Reports" (BIOS) et les États-Unis la série "Field Information Agency Technical US Group, Control Council for Germany" (FIAT). En outre, la série "Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee" (CIOS) a été publiée conjointement. Les publications ont attiré l'attention du public à l'époque. Le soi-disant Rapport Harmsen critiquait l'"exploitation" des brevets allemands par les Etats-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne. Du côté britannique, la "Division allemande" de la "Technical Information and Document Unit" (TIDU) du "Ministry of Economic Warfare" était initialement responsable de cette action. En 1946, la TIDU a été placée sous la tutelle de la Chambre de commerce. En 1951, ce centre d'information et de documentation fait partie de l'unité opérationnelle du Département de la recherche scientifique et industrielle (DSIR). Lors de la dissolution de la TIDU en 1957, la garde des dossiers allemands a été transférée à la "Lending Library Unit" du DSIR. Faute d'espace, elle a été transférée à Boston Spa, Yorkshire, en 1961-62 sous le nom de National Lending Library for Science and Technology. Les originaux des dossiers de brevets allemands évalués par les Britanniques se trouvent encore aujourd'hui à Boston Spa. Au début des années 1950, l'Office allemand des brevets à Munich a acquis des microfilms de ces dossiers. Les Archives fédérales ont copié ces 1 000 rouleaux de microfilm sur des films de sécurité entre 1969 et 1974. En 1972, l'Office allemand des brevets de Munich a remis sept dossiers de brevets individuels aux Archives fédérales. En 1975, 243 " dossiers de délivrance " de l'Office des brevets du Reich ont été rassemblés au bureau de Berlin de l'Office allemand des brevets avec l'autorisation des Archives fédérales. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, plusieurs cartons contenant des documents de demande de brevet ont été envoyés en RDA, vraisemblablement aux Archives centrales de l'État de la RDA (ZStA) à Potsdam, où ils n'ont probablement pas été traités plus avant, c'est-à-dire également non indexés. En l'absence d'une documentation appropriée, l'heure à laquelle ces documents sont arrivés en Allemagne ne peut être déterminée plus précisément. Après tout, les notes en langue russe sur certains documents suggèrent que ces documents ont été confisqués par les troupes d'occupation soviétique en 1945 et examinés par des experts, probablement aussi évalués. Il n'a malheureusement pas été possible non plus de déterminer s'ils étaient retournés en Allemagne lors de la restitution des dossiers par les Soviétiques dans les années 1950 ou à un autre moment. Après l'intégration des archives centrales de la RDA dans les Archives fédérales en 1990, ces documents ont été transférés dans la nouvelle section des archives Hoppegarten. Ils y sont restés en grande partie inaperçus jusqu'en 2010, date à laquelle les archives ont effectué des travaux de nettoyage. Dossiers de représailles En avril 1973, une petite tradition de dossiers de représailles (environ 420 AU) a été transférée aux Archives fédérales par une taxe (accès I 26/73) de l'Office allemand des brevets à Berlin en avril 1973. Dossiers du personnel En 1980, l'Office allemand des brevets a transféré les dossiers du personnel de son bureau de Munich aux fonctionnaires de l'Office des brevets du Reich qui étaient encore employés après la guerre. Les dossiers entreposés à Munich ont été, à quelques exceptions près, en grande partie brûlés ou complètement brûlés par le feu à la fin de la guerre. La même année 1980, l'Office de Munich a également remis "les dossiers personnels de diverses autorités et tribunaux concernant des personnes dont l'affiliation à l'ancien Office impérial des brevets/Reichspatentamt ne pouvait être établie". En 1980, l'Office allemand des brevets a remis dans treize boîtes 859 dossiers personnels de membres de l'Office impérial et de l'Office des brevets du Reich de son bureau de Berlin. En 1980, le ministère fédéral de la Justice (BMJ), en tant qu'office supérieur de l'Office fédéral des brevets, a ensuite remis un autre service d'archives (R 131/2720). A partir des dossiers ayant une valeur archivistique, le fonds partiel "R 131 - Personalakten" a été constitué aux Archives fédérales (signatures : R 131/1698-2720). En 1981, le BMJ a remis 29 autres dossiers du personnel de l'Office des brevets du Reich, qui étaient joints à l'inventaire (R 131/2730-2758). En 1995, 94 dossiers personnels d'agents en brevets juifs (R 131/2760-2853) ont été transférés aux Archives fédérales par l'Office allemand des brevets de Munich. En mars 2004, l'Office fédéral des brevets a remis aux Archives fédérales six boîtes contenant 325 dossiers personnels de conseils en brevets. En avril de la même année, 194 autres dossiers suivirent, dont trois autres en juillet. Les livraisons ultérieures ne sont pas documentées en détail, pas plus qu'il n'existe d'autres listes de livraisons ou de noms. Au total, il y a environ 19 mètres courants (38 grandes caisses mobiles). Du fonds 30.12 (Reichsjustizprüfungsamt) des Archives centrales de la RDA à Potsdam, 0,57 lfm (3 boîtes d'archives) avec des fragments de dossiers personnels ont été transférés au fonds (anciennes signatures : 30.12/2296-2895). Ces documents ne sont toujours pas traités, de même que 0,14 mètre courant (une boîte d'archives) de fragments de documents personnels d'origine inconnue. Évaluation et traitement des archives Les documents de l'Office des brevets du Reich constituent les fonds R 131 des Archives fédérales, dont les différentes parties ont fait l'objet d'instruments de recherche indépendants dans les années 1980 : R 131 - Dossiers généraux R 131 - Dossiers de rétorsion R 131 - Dossiers de demande de brevet R 131 - Dossiers personnels Au cours des années suivantes, d'autres dossiers de personnel et de demandes de brevet ont été ajoutés. Il n'existe pas de documents d'organisation et de plans de classement de l'Office des brevets du Reich. Seul un plan de classement de 1935/36 (voir R 131/446) a pu être déterminé, qui a été divisé en groupes principaux et sous-groupes selon le plan de classement général du ministère de la Justice du Reich, mais qui n'est apparemment jamais entré en vigueur. L'absence de plans de classement ou d'autres éléments d'information sur la tenue du registre à l'Office des brevets du Reich, d'une part, et l'existence de nombreux dossiers sans numéro de dossier, d'autre part, ne permettent pas de se prononcer définitivement sur l'administration des documents par l'autorité et une classification totalement inductive. Lois générales L'administration des dossiers relevait de la responsabilité des différents registres de l'Office des brevets du Reich. On peut supposer que ceux-ci tenaient - selon le modèle du système judiciaire - des registres de dossiers généraux dans lesquels les dossiers généraux qui s'y trouvaient étaient inscrits et sur la base desquels de nouveaux numéros de dossier étaient attribués pour les nouveaux dossiers. On peut également supposer qu'un registre "complet" du dossier général a été tenu dans l'un des registres ou dans l'une des unités organisationnelles de la Chambre. L'attribution des numéros de dossier a apparemment été effectuée en fonction des domaines d'intervention, identifiés par des chiffres romains, par exemple "gen. "I" en matière de brevets. Au niveau des dossiers, des chiffres arabes ont été attribués, par exemple "gen. I, 1". Dans certains cas, le dossier a été subdivisé en ajoutant des lettres minuscules au numéro de base, par exemple "gen. III, 4 - caractères""gen. III, 4 a - sonnerie""gen. III, 4 b - Marque verbale''gen. III, 4 c - armoiries". De nombreux documents généraux sont pré-cousus Rotuli, dans lesquels les documents sont prouvés par la procédure. Conformément au modèle classique, l'Office des brevets du Reich a également créé des dossiers Specialia et Adhibenda dérivés des dossiers généraux : Le marquage a été fait par les abréviations bien connues "spec." et "adh. La structuration du matériel de fichier en ces catégories de fichiers semble avoir été effectuée de façon presque logique, au sens littéral du terme. Dorothe Günthner et Johannes Ganser ont édité les Actes généraux pour la première fois dans les années 1984-1985. Lors de l'enregistrement des dossiers, non seulement tous les numéros de dossier ont été enregistrés, mais aussi les références aux numéros de dossier connexes joints aux couvertures des dossiers, mais seulement dans la mesure où ces derniers ont été transmis aux Archives fédérales. Le fait que les documents de l'Office des brevets du Reich, y compris ceux des lois générales, n'ont été que partiellement archivés dans les Archives fédérales est clairement visible dans la classification. La classification de l'inventaire pourrait être effectuée selon le regroupement des dossiers par domaines d'activité (chiffres romains) et par numéros de dossier (chiffres arabes) par ordre numérique croissant par l'Office des brevets du Reich, à l'exception des dossiers des conseils en brevets transmis sans numéros de dossier, qui ont été ajoutés comme Groupe VI. Le classement général est le suivant : I Brevets II Dessins et modèles d'utilité III Marques III Marques IV Affaires du siège social/département présidentiel V Propriété intellectuelle à l'étranger VI Conseils en brevets VI. La classification des groupes I-III et V a été facile pour la majorité des dossiers selon cette grille grâce aux numéros de dossier donnés. Les dossiers des groupes I à III sans numéro de dossier pourraient relativement facilement être classés en fonction de leur contexte factuel. Une classification plus détaillée ne semblait pas nécessaire. Dans les groupes I à III, les numéros de dossier avaient probablement été attribués à l'origine de telle sorte qu'ils correspondaient aux sections respectives des lois sur les brevets, les dessins et modèles et les marques. Pour les dossiers qui n'étaient pas directement liés à des paragraphes législatifs, les numéros de dossier semblent avoir été attribués dans l'ordre numérique séquentiel. Le groupe IV se distingue des autres groupes par le fait qu'il s'agit du compte rendu écrit de l'ensemble des activités du bureau principal ou du département présidentiel : Réglementation relative au traitement des dispositions du droit des brevets, des modèles d'utilité et des dessins et modèles ainsi que du droit des marques, d'une part, et des réglementations relatives à l'exploitation des services, au déroulement du trafic commercial et postal, d'autre part. Ici - en raison de la tradition incomplète des dossiers - un ordre de classement similaire à celui des groupes I-III n'est pas reconnaissable. En raison de la tradition incomplète des fonds, d'une part, et de l'absence de numéros de dossier, d'autre part - la plupart du temps, seuls Spezialia ou Adhibenda sont disponibles, alors que les Generalia manquent - la séquence des numéros de dossier a été maintenue pendant la classification, mais contrairement aux groupes I-III et V une classification archivistique a été effectuée, ce qui a nécessité une classification plus détaillée. Les dossiers du groupe V sont classés par l'Office des brevets du Reich selon l'alphabet de l'Etat, les numéros de dossier ont également été attribués ici par ordre numérique croissant. La classification des dossiers par numéro de dossier n'a été interrompue que par le fait que les dossiers concernant les fusions, accords et congrès internationaux, qui se trouvaient au milieu de la série de pays, y ont été retirés et placés à la fin du groupe de dossiers. Etant donné que les noms des différents territoires nationaux ont changé au fil des décennies (cf. par exemple les colonies), un index géographique a été établi pour en faciliter l'utilisation. Les dossiers du groupe VI transmis sans numéro de dossier ont été classés selon des complexes factuels. En 1995, les fonds ont été collectés pour les extraits contenus dans les lois générales et dans les journaux légaux et de publication, ainsi que pour la correspondance dénuée de sens - par exemple lors du transfert des réunions de l'Office des brevets du Reich. L'instrument de recherche, écrit par Dorothe Günthner et Johannes Ganser, a été écrit par Mme Schuster. Ces données d'indexation ont été rétroconverties après 2005 et peuvent maintenant être récupérées dans le système de base de données des Archives fédérales (BASYS) via le système de recherche INVENIO. Les actes rétributifs Dorothe Günthner et Johannes Ganser ont traité la première partie de la tradition en avril 1984. Sur les 376 volumes originaux (environ 1,5 compartiment) de la première partie de la collection, 75 ont été jugés dignes d'être archivés (R 131/10001-10076). En particulier, ces dossiers ont été encaissés qui, pour des raisons purement formelles, traitaient de demandes rejetées en vertu de l'ordonnance sur le traitement des biens hostiles du 15 janvier 1940 (RGBl I p.191). Dans le cas de groupes de dossiers documentant le traitement des demandes d'une certaine société pour l'utilisation de plusieurs droits de brevet détenus par une autre société, un seul volume d'échantillon a été supprimé à la fois, puisqu'un seul volume avait été initialement créé pour chaque brevet. Dans le livre de recherche créé en 1984, le nom du demandeur, le nom du propriétaire du droit de propriété, le terme ainsi que les anciens signes du dossier de représailles ont été rendus accessibles. La dénomination des contenus des droits de propriété intellectuelle individuels a été omise, car ils sont en retard par rapport aux mesures économiques de guerre du Reich allemand dans l'évaluation d'aujourd'hui. La division prédéfinie entre les droits d'exercice accordés et les droits d'exercice non accordés a été conservée. Ces deux groupes étaient à leur tour subdivisés en brevets, modèles d'utilité, marques de commerce, droits d'auteur et brevets dans des territoires individuels constitués en société. Au second semestre 2008, l'inventaire a fait l'objet d'une révision en raison de divergences apparues dans le système de signature. 270 unités d'archives trouvées lors des révisions d'inventaire ont été nouvellement enregistrées (R 131/10077-10346). L'ensemble de la section "Actes rétributifs", qui comprend maintenant un total de 345 AE, a été cartographié et entièrement re-signé. Aucune cassation n'a été faite. Les noms des déposants, des titulaires des droits de propriété industrielle, les termes et les numéros de dossier des brevets de rétorsion ont été enregistrés en conséquence. Les données de distorsion de la première partie de la transmission ont été transférées dans la base de données des Archives fédérales (BASYS) par rétroconversion. L'intégration des documents nouvellement ajoutés a permis de conserver le système de classification existant. Le livre de recherche maintenant disponible, édité par Karl-Heinz Eggert et Sabine Dumschat, peut également être consulté en ligne. Dépôts de demandes de brevets Des demandes de brevets et de modèles d'utilité ont été attribuées à certaines classes au sein de l'Office des brevets du Reich. Pour ce faire, une classification par classe de brevet a été établie, divisée en domaines spéciaux commerciaux et industriels. Il a servi de base au traitement des demandes. Le principe le plus important pour déterminer la classe à laquelle appartient une demande est son affectation au domaine spécial dans lequel l'invention est située. Pour déterminer l'invention, l'examinateur devait se référer à tous les documents soumis, c'est-à-dire la description, le dessin, les revendications. S'il y avait plusieurs domaines spéciaux, la décision était prise sur la classe la plus importante. En 1984, Johannes Ganser a produit un livre d'instruments de recherche sur les microfilms de ces dossiers qui sont encore sous la garde britannique à la "National Lending Library for Science and Technology" de Boston Spa, qui est disponible pour la recherche dans la salle des utilisateurs des Archives fédérales. La structure de l'inventaire partiel repose sur la division par classe de brevets pratiquée à l'Office des brevets du Reich. Cependant, ce n'était pas la norme de classification décisive pour les Britanniques lorsqu'ils ont filmé les dossiers. Les demandes pour une certaine classe peuvent donc être trouvées sur plusieurs films ; inversement, des documents pour plusieurs classes de brevets peuvent être attendus sur chaque film. L'utilisation des films doit donc d'abord être basée sur le domaine spécial en question selon la classification de la classe de brevet. La première concordance dans le livre de l'instrument de recherche indique sur quelles bobines de film des documents sont disponibles pour le domaine correspondant. La 2ème concordance établit le lien entre les signatures de rôle et les signatures de film. Les documents individuels transmis par l'intermédiaire des Archives centrales de l'État de la RDA ont été traités au cours de la période 2011-2012. Au début, ils étaient dans un état désordonné, pour ne pas dire chaotique. On peut supposer que le contexte des processus individuels autrefois cultivés biologiquement est gravement perturbé. Il n'a pas été possible de déterminer les documents d'accompagnement de quelque nature que ce soit. Les documents étaient enveloppés par intermittence dans du papier et noués avec du ruban adhésif pour colis. Ces paquets ont été ouverts, la documentation a été complètement triée. Aucun contexte de transmission, sans parler d'un système de formation de fichiers, n'ayant pu être identifié, on a tenté de remédier à la situation en procédant à un tri alphabétique selon les demandeurs de brevets. Par la suite, 314 unités d'archives ont été formées, nouvellement cartographiées et signées (R 131/10347-10670). Les doubles pièces ont été détruites, mais aucune cassation n'a été faite au-delà. Un dossier (R 131/10502) a été remis aux archives minières du Musée allemand des mines à Bochum. Un "Supplément à la liste des numéros" pour l'année 1933 est désormais disponible à la bibliothèque de service des Archives fédérales (Signature : ZB 24128). Tant la classification du stock que les paramètres de développement sont basés sur le modèle donné dans le cahier de recherche des actes de rétorsion de 1984. Une distinction a été faite entre les demandes de brevets et de modèles d'utilité, les brevets invalides et les aides sous forme de documents documentant l'approbation des offices de brevets étrangers. Une distinction a été faite entre les demandeurs résidant dans le Reich allemand et ceux qui ont tenté de faire valoir leurs droits à l'étranger. Ces dernières comprennent des succursales de groupes allemands à l'étranger. Les données ont été enregistrées en détail lors du développement de chaque site : Noms des sociétés requérantes, des déposants privés ou des titulaires de brevets, mot-clé de la revendication de brevet, c'est-à-dire l'objet du brevet ou la procédure à protéger, le numéro de dossier de l'Office des brevets du Reich, le cas échéant, le numéro de brevet attribué et la durée des dossiers. Le livre de recherche maintenant disponible, édité par Karl-Heinz Eggert et Sabine Dumschat, peut également être consulté en ligne. Dossiers du personnel Sur les dossiers du personnel des fonctionnaires de l'Office des brevets du Reich remis par l'Office allemand des brevets de son office de Munich en 1980, seuls deux ont été considérés comme dignes d'être archivés. Le reste a été collecté. Les fichiers intégrés dans l'inventaire R 131 sont provisoirement indexés par personne (dite "annexe 2"). Tous les "dossiers personnels de diverses autorités et juridictions sur des personnes dont l'affiliation à l'ancien Office impérial des brevets/Reichspatentamt n'a pu être établie" délivrés la même année, 1980, étaient des dossiers préliminaires de l'Office des brevets du Reich après examen approfondi. La majorité des dossiers ont été jugés cassables (personnel de bureau subordonné). Seulement 14 dossiers ont été transférés à l'inventaire : R 131/1737, 1754, 1787, 1804, 1942-1943, 1996, 2609, 2000, 2000 a, 2000 b et 2721-2723 ; ils figurent sur une liste provisoire de personnes (dite "annexe 3"). Avec les 859 dossiers personnels des membres de l'Office impérial et de l'Office des brevets du Reich remis par son bureau de Berlin en 1980 en 13 cartons, l'Office allemand des brevets a également délivré une liste provisoire avec une liste de noms (dite "annexe 4"). Outre les dossiers R 131/2724, 2725 et 2726, ces documents ont été fortement détruits et cassables. Toutefois, en plus des "dossiers personnels ou parties de dossiers personnels sur les membres de l'ancien Office impérial des brevets et de l'Office des brevets du Reich situés au bureau de Berlin de l'Office allemand des brevets", il existe une deuxième liste, malheureusement non datée, avec 875 articles individuels, qui ne correspond pas à celle mentionnée ci-dessus. Une clarification claire ne peut résulter que du développement de tous les dossiers du personnel qui ne sont pas encore enregistrés dans BASYS et dignes d'être archivés. A partir des dossiers restants après l'évaluation, le fonds partiel "R 131 - Personalakten" a été constitué aux Archives fédérales (signatures : R 131/1698-2720). En 1981, les 29 dossiers personnels de l'Office des brevets du Reich délivrés par le ministère fédéral de la Justice ont été ajoutés, auxquels s'ajoute une liste provisoire (R 131/2730-2758). Une liste nominative existe également pour les 94 dossiers personnels des conseils en brevets juifs déposés par l'Office allemand des brevets en 1995 (R 131/2760-2853). Sur les dossiers du personnel déposés par l'Office allemand des brevets en 2004, en particulier par les conseils en brevets, seuls 519 ont été répertoriés par nom à ce jour. L'évaluation des 38 grands cartons mobiles de livraisons complètes n'a pas encore été réalisée. De même, les fragments de dossiers personnels extraits des fonds 30.12 (Reichsjustizprüfungsamt) des Archives centrales de la RDA à Potsdam ainsi que les 0,14 mètres linéaires supplémentaires (un carton d'archives) de documents personnels d'origine inconnue doivent encore être traités. Caractérisation du contenu : Caractérisation du contenu des dossiers généraux La collection de dossiers généraux donne un aperçu des activités de l'Office des brevets du Reich, qui peuvent avoir une valeur considérable pour l'histoire de la technologie et le développement du système juridique, en particulier la protection de la propriété industrielle en Allemagne. Il convient de noter en particulier la vaste collection de lois et d'ordonnances sur la protection de la propriété industrielle à l'étranger et les dossiers issus de la coopération de l'Office des brevets du Reich avec l'Union internationale pour la protection de la propriété industrielle. Cette coopération avait également pour but de coordonner les accords internationaux avec les lois allemandes dans ce domaine. Après 1945, l'Office des brevets du Reich avait continué à travailler partiellement, ce qui explique la poursuite de certains dossiers jusqu'en 1951. Tradition : (1877-1918) 1919-1945 (1946-1951) (1.171 AE) : Brevets 1877-1949 (187), modèles d'utilité et dessins et modèles 1877-1945 (24), Warenzei‧chen 1894-1945 (65), classe de brevet 1882-1944 (9), réunions et décisions départementales des membres 1877-1945 (30), services postaux et de télécommunications, offices 1879-1946 (28), Acceptation et enregistrement 1877-1945 (21), publications 1878-1949 (47), juridiction civile et information juridique 1879-1944 (13), opérations officielles, gestion des dossiers et ordres présidentiels 1877-1948 (76), mesures de guerre dans le domaine de la protection juridique 1914-1948 (49) ge‧werblichen Coopération avec Ingenieur- et Erfinder‧verbänden 1911-1951 (11), droits de propriété industrielle à l'étranger 1878-1944 (13), ein‧zel‧ne Pays 1877-1944 (425), associations, accords et congrès internationaux 1878-1944 (57), Loi sur les conseils en brevets, Chambre des conseils en brevets 1933-1949 (5), enregistrement et annulation en tant que conseil en brevets 1900-1948 (34), formation et examen, pratique et juridiction honoraire 1900-1950 (41), système des conseils en brevets à l'étranger 1894-1949 (36) instruments de recherche : Findbuch (1984) et BASYS/INVENIO Research Retribution Acts Les dossiers qui sont entrés aux Archives fédérales en 1973 documentent le traitement des demandes d'octroi de droits d'exercice par des sociétés individuelles conformément à l'ordonnance sur les droits de propriété industrielle des ressortissants britanniques du 26 janvier 1993. The Regulation on Copyright of British Nationals of 1 July 1940 (RGBl I p. 947) and the Regulation on Industrial Property Rights and Copyrights of Members of the United States of America of 22 December 1942 (RGBl I p. 737). Les actes de rétorsion considérés comme ayant une valeur archivistique ont donc une certaine valeur informative sur les relations de l'Allemagne avec les États-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne, quoique limitée à la protection de la propriété industrielle pendant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. En outre, on peut voir dans quels domaines les inventions étaient considérées comme importantes pour la guerre et nécessaires à la sauvegarde des intérêts généraux. Les documents qui ont été développés au cours des années 2008-2010 concernent principalement les brevets du Reich allemand, les droits d'auteur pour les œuvres artistiques, les marques allemandes et les marques autrichiennes. Tradition : 1940-1945 (345 AE) : Droits d'exercice accordés : Brevets allemands du Reich 1940-1945 (4), demandes de brevets 1941 (1), brevets autrichiens 1940-1944 (1), brevets Protectorat de Bohême et de Moravie 1940-1945 (2), modèles d'utilité allemands 1940-1941 (1), marques allemandes 1940-1942 (2), marques déposées 1941-1942 (1), droits d'auteur sur les œuvres artistiques 1941-1945 (7), droits d'exercice non accordés : Brevets du Reich allemand 1940-1945 (175), demandes de brevets 1940-1944 (14), modèles d'utilité allemands 1940-1941 (1), marques allemandes 1940-1945 (44), marques autrichiennes 1940-1945 (19), droits d'auteur sur les œuvres artistiques 1940-1945 (73) instruments de recherche : Demandes de brevet en ligne Findbuch a) Sur les microfilms de ces documents, dont les originaux se trouvent encore aujourd'hui dans la "National Lending Library for Science and Technology" à Boston Spa, les demandes de brevet individuelles avec les explications correspondantes se trouvent en ligne. Ils couvrent la période 1941-1945 et le traitement des notes ou des lettres de l'Office des brevets du Reich est rarement disponible. Seules les références à des documents imprimés pris en considération aux fins de délimiter l'objet de la demande apparaissent de temps à autre. Ces documents proviennent de procédures qui n'ont pu être achevées en raison de la guerre, pour lesquelles aucun brevet n'a plus été délivré. Ils donnent néanmoins un aperçu des efforts et des réalisations des inventeurs et des entreprises allemands à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. On peut voir en partie quels secteurs commerciaux et industriels ont dû être suspendus en raison des problèmes causés par la guerre. La valeur technico-historique des documents ne doit pas être insignifiante. Tradition : dossiers de demande de brevet 1941-1945 (999 microfilms) instruments de recherche : instruments de recherche (1984) b) Les documents transmis par l'intermédiaire des Archives centrales de la RDA concernent principalement des inventions liées à l'industrie minière. Il s'agit de processus individuels ayant une structure uniforme, mais qui ont généralement perdu les annexes qui devaient être utilisées pour délivrer les brevets. Certaines de ces annexes sont probablement les documents en langue étrangère énumérés comme "aides". Comme l'ordre d'enregistrement de cette partie de la livraison a été complètement détruit et que les documents restants portent trop peu de notes commerciales, il n'a malheureusement pas été possible de reconstituer les procédures originales. Empire allemand 1913-1939 (11), pays étrangers 1927-1936 (1) ; brevets nuls (7) : Empire allemand 1877-1941 (4), pays étrangers : France 1905-1927 (2), autres pays 1905-1929 (1) ; aides (46) : Grande-Bretagne 1877-1937 (12), France 1907-1937 (11), USA 1875-1938 (20), autres pays 1894-1939 (3) instruments de recherche : livre en ligne Dossiers personnels L'inventaire partiel comprend les dossiers personnels des employés du Bureau du Reich ainsi que des agents en brevets. Parmi ces derniers figurent 84 avocats juifs, dont l'admission a été révoquée en raison de leur ascendance, et qui ont donc été rayés de la liste des avocats conservée à l'Office des brevets en 1933 et 1938, respectivement. Tradition : (1877-1918) 1919-1945 (1 155 unités), 19,71 mètres linéaires non traités Portée : Total : environ 100 mètres linéaires et 999 microfilms Documents généraux : 44,9 mètres linéaires - 1re classe171 AE (R 131/1-1205) Actes de rétorsion : 3,7 m - 345 AE (R 131/10001-10346) Demandes de brevets : 314 AE (R 131/10347-10670) et 999 bobines de microfilms (R 131/EC 3317-EC 4316) Dossiers personnels : 28,11 m - 1.155 AE (R 131/1698-2853) 19,71 m "Dossiers de subventions" non traités : 0,14 m non traités Durée totale du portefeuille : (1877-1918) 1919-1945 (1946-1951) Compartiments : dossiers généraux : (1877-1918) 1919-1945 (1946-1951) Actes de rétorsion : 1940-1945 Lois sur les demandes de brevets : Films 1941-1945 dossiers (1877-1918) 1919-1945 dossiers du personnel : (1877-1918) 1919-1945 État d'avancement (aperçu) : documents généraux : Findbuch (1984) et BASYS/INVENIO recherchent les dossiers de demande de brevet : Findbuch (1984) sur les films, Online-Findbuch sur les dossiers actes de représailles : Dossiers personnels Findbuch en ligne : Note : Jusqu'à présent, les instruments de recherche en ligne n'étaient disponibles que pour les demandes de brevet non filmées et les demandes de rétorsion. État d'avancement : État d'avancement (vue d'ensemble) : Documents généraux : Findbuch (1984) et BASYS/INVENIO recherchent les dossiers de demande de brevet : Findbuch (1984) sur les films, Online-Findbuch sur les dossiers actes de représailles : Dossiers personnels Findbuch en ligne : Note : Jusqu'à présent, les instruments de recherche en ligne n'étaient disponibles que pour les demandes de brevet non filmées et les demandes de rétorsion. Style de citation : BArch, R 131/.....
I. On the history of the Württ. Ministry of Justice and its registry relations: The manifesto of organisation of 18 March 1806 determined the business circle of the Minister of Justice and defined the structure of the Department of Justice (Regierungsblatt 1806 p. 6 f., bes. §§ 2, 5, 34-53; cf. F. Wintterlin "Geschichte der Behördenorganisation in Württemberg" 1, 5. 280 f., II p. 140 f.; A. Dehlinger "Württembergs Staatswesen in seiner historlichen Entwicklung bis heute" 1, p. 124 f., 388 f.). The Ministry of Justice experienced a reorganization of its business area, which remained almost unchanged for several decades, through the Royal Decree of 8 November 1816 (Government Gazette 1816 p. 347, especially §§ 5 and 9) and the 5th Organizational Edict of 18 November 1817 (Reyscher III, p. 470). On the day after Mauclers was appointed Minister of Justice, 9 March 1818, a Royal Decree was issued on the "state of affairs at the Chancellery of the Minister of Justice" (E 31 Bü. 204). The head of the chancellery remained the head of the Schwab Tribunal. On 29 February 1818, the Secret Registrar of the Second Section of the Privy Council Amandus Heinrich Günzler was charged with the revision and organisation of the Justice Ministerial Registration Office (Regierungsblatt 1816 S. 396; E 7 Bü. 60: II. Dept. 1818; E 31 Bü. 167; cf. E 1-13 Diarium 1818 Diary No. 2673). The fact that Günzler was occupied with this task at least until March 1819 can be inferred from a letter of thanks of 29 March 1818 addressed by him to the king concerning a gratuity for his activity in the Ministry of Justice (E 5 3d. 61). Hit of the order of the ministerial registration carried out by him one seems to have been generally satisfied. Thus the Minister of Justice expressed himself very appreciatively in the 1820 annual report of the Department of Justice for the year 1818: "For more than ten years this ministry lacked its own registrar; and in spite of all the efforts of the few workers, the number of occupations of the offices of this ministry, which had been identified as highly inadequate for a long time, in the earlier period, neither significant business backlogs nor, in particular, order in the registry system could be prevented. Now this order is perfectly established from the very beginning (1806)" (Annual Report 1818 in 3 33 Ed. 126 and E 302 Ed. 969). File plans, repertories or diaries of the Ministry of Justice have not been preserved, with the exception of a diary kept from 1840 (December) to 1364, which refers exclusively to high treason concerns such as the action against the "Bund der Geächteten" and the "Junge Deutschland" (E 301 Bü. 55 Nr. LV). Nevertheless, the registration scheme introduced in 1813 can be reconstructed on the basis of the subjects and signatures as well as the references to the file covers. The registry was divided into two sections: The first section consisted of the Generalia, later also called General Acts. These have been sorted alphabetically by subject. The individual subjects received up to the letter R including Roman identification numbers, subsequently inserted subjects, but also the subjects from letter 3 remained without such numbers. In the Generalia, the main type of documents is those relating to legislation and individual offences. The second department initially had no name. In order to distinguish it from the Generalia, which used blue file covers, the registry material was deposited in red file covers. Around 1850 this department was given the name "A. o. G." "("General organic articles"). In particular, it was assigned the files on personnel matters of the Department of Justice, the supervision of the judicial authorities as well as the treasury and auditing systems. Over time, the two departments have overlapped (e.g. Gen. Budgeting - A. o. G. Budget; Gen. Holiday Bü. 14 Holiday chamber A. o. G. Holiday chamber). Since November 1921, the A. o. G. files were no longer maintained. Classified items that had been removed were marked "closed" on the file covers, all others were transferred to categories of the general files (e.g. A. o. G. Minister ~: "From Nov. 1921 cf. G. Staatsministerium or A. o. G. Gerichtsvollzieher 3: "1922 all items in the files were transferred to G. Gerichtsvollzieher 9 and continued there"). Work on the reorganisation continued until 1923. Since the duration of the files of both departments almost exclusively ends in 1922/23 (exceptions): E 302 Bü. 1: 1922-1936, Bü. 912: 1904-1924, Bü. 1216-1218: 1919-1924, Bü. 1319: 1894-1925), they may have been retired on the occasion of this reorganisation of the registry. In addition to the documents of the two departments just described, the Registry of the Ministry of Justice also kept the files of some abolished authorities and commissions. Although these holdings were preserved as closed registry bodies, they were brought into organic connection with the written records of the Ministry of Justice itself: with the exception of the College of Penitentiaries, which only dissolved in 1921, they were incorporated as special sections of the Generalia Department. In contrast to the Ministry of Justice, most of the diaries and repertories are preserved for these stocks. Altogether, there are six authorities or commissions whose documents were wholly or partially incorporated into the registry of the Ministry of Justice: the Ministerial Commission for the Investigation of the Revolutionary Activities of 1833 in Württemberg, the Mortgage Commission, the Organizational Execution Commission, the Supreme Judicial Review Board, the Commission for the State and Government Gazette, and the College of Prison Officers. The Ministerial Commission established by the Most High Decree of 29 May 1833, to which the President of the Privy Council as well as the Heads of the Departments of Foreign Affairs, Warfare and Justice belonged, was to ensure "coherence, unity and acceleration" of the investigations already initiated into the revolutionary activities discovered in Württemberg in 1833. The Commission existed until 1839. about the files resulting from its activity informs the directory located in inventory E 301 Bü. 18 Unterfaszikel 1 /_ 33. The Mortgage Commission, which had been formed by Royal Resolution of 30 May 1825 ~ 8. 383), was responsible for advising on and implementing the deposit laws and for clearing up the deposits in the municipalities. The board of the commission headed by the Minister of Justice was the director of Schwab. Members were appointed to the Supreme Tribunal Council of Bolley, the Supreme Pupil Council of Steudel and the Reutlingen Chief Official Judge Schickardt. The Commission was empowered to issue instructions to the Higher and Local Courts. It was dissolved by decree of 12 January 1832 (Government Gazette 8.20). The new "Mortgage Commission", which had been set down at the same time, had to deal with the issue of the deposit system for specimens. A first organizing and executive commission entrusted with the implementation of the organizing edicts of 1817 existed from 18 November 1817 to 15 January 1818 (Government Gazette 1817 p. 542 and Government Gazette 1818 p. 21), a second from 27 August 1821 Government Gazette 1821 p. 671) to 15 August 1828 (Government Gazette p. 675). The members of the second commission were the Minister of Justice as head (conductor), the Minister of Finance, the 'head' of the Department of the Interior, as well as the senior tribunal councils of Schwab and von Bolley and the senior government council Waldbauer. A diarium and repertory (E 301 Bü. 140) have been preserved for the period from 27 August 1821 to 10 September 1828. The Commission's registry had classified the documents it had received into two series. In the registry of the Ministry, the files included in the Generalia Department received new signatures, partially disrupting the old order. The Supreme Judicial Review Office, created on 2 November 1807 (Government Gazette 8.537), was headed by the Ministry of Justice and was in charge of reviewing criminal cases. With his dissolution ordered by Royal Decree of 23 September 1817, his portfolio was transferred to the Criminal Senate of the Upper Tribunal (Reyscher Vol. VII 8. 542). Only the minutes for the years 1807 to 1817 of the documents produced during the Oberjustizrevisorium were transferred to the registry of the Ministry of Justice. The Commission for the State and Government Gazette was established with the publication of a State and Government Gazette ordered by King Frederick on 22 January 1807 (Government Gazette p. 1). In addition to the Privy Council Freiherr von Spittler, which acted as President, seven councils of Stuttgart's central authorities were members of it. Hofrat Werthes was employed as editor of the government journal and secretary of the commission; he died on 5 December 1817. After the death of King Frederick, the commission was dissolved, the supreme supervision and leadership of the government journal "united with the attributions of the Department of Justice" (Reyscher Vol. III 5. 478). The relevant files, which had grown up at both the Commission and the Ministry of Justice, received the signature CLXXIV in the Generalia Department of the Ministerial Registry. They were handed over to the State Archives Ludwigsburg as a separate delivery (Delivery II) in 1939 and recorded by Dr. Max Miller from inventory E 303a in 1948. The Prison Commission formed on 21 December 1824 (Regierungsblatt 1825 3. 1) was given the name Prison College in 1832 (Regierungsblatt 1832 5. 243). This college was responsible for the economic and police administration of all higher prisons as well as the establishment and maintenance of the district court prisons in Württemberg. After it had been repealed with effect from December 1, 1921 (Government Gazette 5. 521), his. functions to the Ministry of Justice. The files of the College of Prisons have been incorporated into the Registry of the Ministry of Justice as an annex to the two departments of Generalia and General Organic Objects. TWO. The documentation of the Württ. Ministry of Justice in the Main State Archive Stuttgart: The documents of the Ministry of Justice, initially kept in the State Archive Ludwigsburg and since 1969 in the Main State Archive Stuttgart, cover a period of about 115 years, i.e. it documents the business activity of the Ministry from its foundation in 1806 until the time after the end of the First World War. The files that grew up after that until the administration of justice was "handed over" at the beginning of 1935 did not reach the State Archives, they perished in the Second World War. Apart from this painful documentation gap, however, for more than a century the written material of the Ministry of Justice, which is to be rated very highly as source material for the modern history of Württemberg, has essentially been preserved and is accessible to scientific research. In accordance with the three stages in which the State Archives Administration has taken over the registry of the Ministry, these documents are divided into three archival holdings: E 301 Ministry of Justice 1 (= 1st delivery 1910), E 303a State and Government Gazette (= 2nd delivery 1939) and E 302 Ministry of Justice II (= 3rd delivery 1962). As a result of this gradual transfer of the documents to the archives administration, which was carried out from the point of view of the files dispensable for the Ministry's operations, the original registry order was torn apart. However, as already mentioned, it could be reconstructed on the basis of the notes on the file covers. This reconstruction of the old registry order and the interlocking of the three deliveries is shown in the following table. III. the order and scientific development of the stock E 302 Ministry of Justice II: While the first two deliveries by the Ministry of Justice in 1910 and 1939 were carried out by way of file separation and the recording of these orderly transferred archival records in the State Archives Ludwigsburg caused no difficulties, the situation was fundamentally different with the so-called third delivery. This stock, which had long been considered lost, was found in 1962 during clearing work at the storage facility of the Stuttgart Higher Regional Court (Urbanstr. 18). How he had got there could no longer be determined. With the permission of the Ministry of Justice of Baden-Württemberg, the files were transferred to the Ludwigsburg State Archives on 4 October 1962, from where they were transferred to the Stuttgart State Archives in the spring of 1969 as part of the redistribution of the holdings held in the Stuttgart State Archives and the Ludwigsburg State Archives. In the years 1969 to 1972, under the direction of Dr. Sauer, the ladies and gentlemen Dr. Eitel, Beutter, Fruhtrunk, Pfeifle, Rupp, Dr. Schöntag and Steimle recorded a total of 36 ongoing holdings. Since the tufts of files were completely confused and also a part of the tufts was torn open, whereby the contents were confused, the original order of filing had to be reconstructed on the basis of the notes on the file covers, the subjects and the quadrangles. This succeeded surprisingly completely. In the few cases where no signatures could be established, the tufts concerned were classified according to their category. At the end of the inventory, the files of the Prison College and the personnel files of Prussian members of the judiciary who had been transferred from Hohenzollern and the province of Alsace-Lorraine to the Württemberg Judicial Service after 1918 were placed. It would have been obvious to combine the E 302 holdings with the E 301 and E 303a holdings in accordance with the old 'Registraturordnung' to form a complete Württ. Ministry of Justice collection. Since, however, the stocks E 301 and E 303a have already been quoted very frequently in the scientific literature, a "general revision" was omitted and only carried out on paper (cf. the tabular overview in Section II. of the introduction). However, files which, like the "Repertorium über die Akten der vormaligen Criminal-Revisionsbehörde von 1819" or the Büschel "Gerichtliche Verfolgung von an den revolutionären Bewegungen 1849 Beteiligten durch die Untersuchungskommission Hohenasperg", clearly belonged to inventory E 301 were classified there. Archival records and printed matter that were not provenance of the Ministry of Justice or could not be organically included in the holdings E 301 or E 302 were removed and assigned to other archive holdings or to the library (usually the department of official printed matter) according to their provenance: A larger collection of general rescripts from the years 1770-1822 was included in the relevant rescript collections of the HStA. Files from the Stuttgart Regional Court, the Waiblingen Local Court, the district courts, the Ulm prison and the Schwäbisch Hall prison were handed over to the Ludwigsburg State Archives. Issues 3 and 6 of the Atlas zu den Berichte der Cholera-Kommission für das Deutsche Reich (1877 and 1879) as well as the Kriminalpolizeiblatt (Kriminalpolizeiblatt), volume 1938, were added to the library of the HStA. Stuttgart, February 12, 1973 (Dr. Paul Sauer) Supplement (2006): The find book of the present holdings, which had previously only been typewritten, was entered by Silvia Ebinger in Midosa95 in spring 2005 and converted by the undersigned into the new ScopeArchive indexing software. In the course of the revision of inventory E 301 in the same year, the commissions located at the Ministry of Justice were dissolved and the new inventories E 305/1 - E 305/6 were created. In this context, the mixed inventory E 303a (Ministry of Justice: Staats- und Regierungsblatt), which had been catalogued by Max Miller in 1948 and contained files of the Commission for the Staats- und Regierungsblatt (now: E 305/5) as well as of the Ministry of Justice itself, was also dissolved. The latter documents now form the new category "Staats- und Regierungsblatt" (State and Government Gazette) in the existing holdings of the General Files and were given the signatures E 302 Bü 1373a - 1401. In return, the documents of the Prison Commission previously held in holdings E 302 now form holdings E 305/6. The removed files continue to be listed in the finding aid book; the signatures concerned are marked with curly braces. Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart, preserved records of the Württemberg Ministry of Justice until 1934/36 and the Württemberg Administration of Justice until 1945, completely indexed according to modern criteria and all finding aids available on the Internet.Stuttgart, January 2006Johannes Renz Registraturplan des Justizministeriums: Registraturordnung des Justizministeriums A. Abteilung Generalia BetreffMinisterialregistraturAblieferung IIIIII E 301E 303aE 302 BüschelBüschel IAblösungsgesetze1-71 8-12,15,17,20-232 243 25,29,32,33,40,444 IV.Administrativjustiz1-45 VI.Advocates1-76 Asylum17 XXXIIIBettler1-37 XXXIVCollection testimonies17 Salaries26 XXXVIIBigamia17 XXXVIIIBittschriften1-37 XXXIXaBlutschande18 Arson18 Fire insurance38 Book censorship18 Civil code7,2. Subsidiary327 XLIBureausystem18 XLIIBurgfrieden18 XLVCassation1,28 LVCorporation1,28 LVIIICriminal-Cornmission110 Criminal detention and penal institutions, improved facilities19 LIXCriminal jurisdiction1-410 LXCriminal legislation1,3-7,9,1010 2259 13,14,1911 1712 1713 LXIIIDeutscher Bund1,3-7,9,11,1214 13-18,22,2415 Service examination, second higher-2 LXIIIDiscipline, penal authority2,316 LXXMarital matters1,319, 10, 11 I,31a13 II,1,2,4-1314-25 II,16-22,26-3026-37 II,3138-42 II,39,4043,44 III,1-2345 III, 24-26, 28, 29, 31,46-63 32-39,42,46,49, 51 LXXIEid1-4, 6, 9, 14, 18, 22, 2465-74 Railways,10,1275, 76 telegraphs Alsace-Lorraine-77 LXXIIIEngland2-4, 778-81 LXXVErbschaften1-3, 6, 7, 11, 12, 18,2182-88 LXXVIErkenntnisse1,1189, 90 LXXVIIEtatswesen1-1392, 93 LXXVIIIExemte1-8,.13,14,17-1994-106 24,26122, 123 LXXXFamily concern-1 '2,7,20,27,40,124-131 kgliche (u.42-44, 46, 50, 51132-137 Court celebrations1ichkeiten) LXXXIFamily laws, foundations, fideikommisse2,II,6,15139-143 LXXXIIFalsification1,4144, 145 LXXXIIIFiskus1-2, 4-9, 18, 19, 22146-156 LXXXIVFleischesvergehehen1-3,5,6157-161 LXXXVForstgesetzgebung1-11'13-15162-175 21176 Forstschutzpersonal1177 Frankfurt1178 LXXXVIFranreich1-19179,183 St.7 Fasz.1184 St.V185 LXXXVIIFrohndienste1,216 XXXVIIIGantsachen1,3-12,18,24,25186-200 26-28,31201-204 Prison Service1205-207 LXXXIXPrisoners and Prisons1,3-5,7,8208-214 14,15,21,25215-218 26,32,36-38219-223 CX (i)Ministers1,2,6224-226 XC aFunds1,2227,228 XCIGeldstrafe1,2,5-7,10229-234 Municipalities1,2,4-16,16235-252 20,26,31-37253-262 40, 42, 44,47263-266 50267 Cooperatives1268,269 XCIII jurisdiction, voluntary1-8273-284 12-18,20285-292 22,23a-i294-303 28-30,32-40304-315 42,46,51,54,57316-321 Courts of Justice1-3, 5-24, 26-30336-366 32-57, 59, 61367-370 66-68, 70, 72371-375 73, 75-81, 87-98376-397 100, 103-105398-401 109, 110402,403 Court costs1-3, 7-10407-447 Jurisdiction1, 3-12, 16, 17, 21451-466 22, 24, 26, 29, 30467-471 33, 35, 38, 41, 43472-476 46477 Bailiffs1 a, b478-484 Missions1-3486-488 Acceptance of gifts1, 2, 4489-491 Courts of jury1; 4; 6; 7; 8, 1-24;492-517 9; 12; 16; 23; 28; 35518-523 38; 45; 48; 50; 51524-526 54; 55; 58; 63; 65529-533 68; 75-80; 82; 85; High treason"; their file plan: "Files of the Ministerial Commission be tr. ..." Aa I-X b I-XII c 1-10 Files of the Ministry of Justice concerning..." BI-LV (files of B also originated at the Commission) Files of the Ministerial Commission I-III18 IV-VIII,X19 XI20 I21 IIa22 IIb23 IIc24 IVa26 IVb27 V30 VI29 VII28 (VIII)28 IX28 Xa31 Xb32 Xc33 XI34 XII35 Ministry of Justice files I-III36 IVa37 IVb40 IVc41 V42 VI-X43 XIa44 XIb45 XII, XIII46 XIV47 XV-XVII48 XVIII-XXI49 XXII50 XXIII51 XXIV-XXXII52 XXXIII53 XXXV-XLI54 XLII-LV55 Flight, Time 56 Writings Mortgage Commission157-67 Commission File Plan a) Books b) Files GeneraliaA,B,C,D SpezialiaI -VI CXXXILehengüter1-9,l0a,b68 1169 16,17,2070 CXXXII Characteristic1,271 CXXXIVLosungsrecht172 Münzwesen1-5, 7,873 Notare57a579, 580 Novalzehnten1, 374 Patrimonial-Verhaltennisse1-374 Polizeibehörden1-8, 11 Organisation-, Voll- Ziehungs-Kommission, in the Ministerial registry structured according to the following plan 1,I75 1,II77 1' III78 1' IV79 1,V83 1,VI85 2,I88 2,II90 392 495 598 6,I100 6,II101 6,III104 7106 8,I107 8,II110 8,III113 8,IV116 9119 10121 The original signatures of the Commission's registry were: 1-1175 1276 13-2077 21-3078 32a79 32b80 32d81 32e82 33,3583 36,3784 38a85 38b,c86 40-4587 1107 2110 3113 4116 5106 6a,b119 6b120 797 8a,b .98 8b99 996 l0a88 l0a89 l0a91,120 l0b,c90 20121,122 22138 24123 25132 27a133 27b134 27c,e135 28a-f136 28c119 33a-f137 34139 36a95 Protocols128-130 Diarium, Repertorium140 Revision of the Supreme Court1, I141 1, II143 Proceedings of the Supreme Judicial Review154 CLXXIRechtspflege1-5155 CLXXVRegierungsblatt116 217 821 1330 1425 CLXXVReichsgericht und Reichsgerichtliche Akten1,2,10157 Reichsversammlung1, 6, 7-13, 15156 Staatsorganisation1-4, 6, 7158 8-10159 State treaties England1, 2581'582 France1, 2583,584 Professional RegisterI589,590 I, VII591,592 I, VIII593,594 I,IX595 (I,X)596,597 I,XI598-600 Profile3,4601,602 Stamping and Taxation2-9,11-18603-620 Taxes1-8,11,18, 621-630 19,20631-634 22,26635,636 Prisons and prisoners, older files1-17,19,20,638-656 23-30657-664 Prisons, newer filesl a-y,2-8,665-694 12-14,20-23,26,695-702 27,34;34,1;703-709 34,c;41,44,710-712 48 a,b713,714 Prisoners1,1-15; 2, 7a, b;715-719 8,10,12b I,720-722 12b II,723 16,18-25724-732 30,44,51 733-735 Criminal Code, design160 I161 II163 III164 IV166 V168 VI170 VII172 IX176 X177 XI178 XII179 XIII-XV180 XVI181 XVII184 XVIII186 XIX187 XXI-XXII191 PrejudiceIV-VIII188 IX-XIII189 XIV, XVI-XXIV190 Criminal CodeVII736 XVI737, 738 XXIV739, 740 Code of Criminal Procedure192 VII, 1-33202 VIII203 IX, 1-16742 Criminal offence, Criminal Dicts1-8, 11-17, 19, 20,746-743 23, 25-29765-771 Articles 57772 wills1, 2, 4-8774-780 Thuringia and Anhalt1781 Death sentences and death penalties1, 2, 4, 7, 190, 15782-788 Tortur1203 University(s)1-4, 6, 8-15789-801 17, 19-22, 25, 27802-808 Untergänger und Ugangsgerichte1-4, 6809-813 Documents2814 Vacation1,2,4,5,7,9,11815-821 14822 Vagantes and vagantes Jauner1, 2, 4, 6204 3205 Miscellaneous7, 10, 11, 12a, b823-827 13-16, 18, 20, 21828-834 Lost1, 3, 4838-840 Powers of attorney1841, 842 Weapons (weapons of the people)2843 Orphan dishes1, 2844,845 Waldeck1847 Forests1, 2848,849 Resistance1850 Restoration of851 Civil Honor Poaching, Wildschaden1-7852-858 Wilhelmsdorf1, 2861, 862 Württemberg1-3,5,7,8,10863-869 11, 12, 14870-872 Wucher1-4, 7873-875 Zehenden1-4206 Testimonies, Witnesses, and Testimonies5, 6, 11, 20876-880 Interest1, 2881-882 Customs, Customs1-6, 8-19883-901 Punishment, body-1-6207 B. Department General Organic Items SubjectMinisterial RegistryDelivery III TuftsTufts Official Judge suitable for collegiate serviceI902 II903 III904 Requests for employment905-907 Certifications908-911 Fires912 Books913-915 Firewood916 Concept-Decrees917 Dispositionsfonds918 Recommendations919, 920 Budget921-946 Holiday Chambers947-950 Salary cutsI951, 952 II953, 954 III955 Expeditors' salary advance956-958 Jurisdiction, voluntary1969 2960 Courts961 '962 Bailiffs1963-965 2966 3967 Annual reports968-1058 Property book mattersI1059, 1060 II1061-1125 Main overview (sports overviews)1126-1129 Marriage permits1130-1132 Depositing1133 Treasurers1134 Cash reports, Regiegefängnisse1135 Lifelong employment1136-1138 Military pensions11139 21140 Minister11141 21442 Secondary business11143 Notarial matters1144-1169 Personal circumstancesIV1170-1175 VII1176-1180 X1181 Pension time overviewsI1183 II1184 Postporto1196-1198 Council clerk1199-1204 Statements of account1205 Reichslimes, Travel Recommendations1206 Travel Expenses11207, 1208 Stationery Invoice1209 State Manual, Official CalendarI1210 II1211 III1212 State Budget(splan)1213-1220 DeathsI1221 II1222 Criminal MattersI,1-251224-1237 II,1-311238-1261 III,1-341262-1295 IV, 1-131296-1308 V1309, 1310 VI1311 VII1312 Surpluses1313-1316 Translations1317 Transfer1318, 1319 Description1320, 1321 Deposit sacbenIII1322, 1323 IV, V1324-1339 Dedications1340-1342 Württembergische Justizverwaltung1343 Delivery officials1344-1346 "Acten des königlichen Strafanstalten-Collegiums" II 131347 II 231348-1349 Personal files from Hohenzollern and Alsace-Lorraine of taken over members of the judiciary1350-1372
History of the authorities: With the introduction of the ministerial constitution in the Württemberg state administration, the former old Württemberg state colleges and deputations were transformed into departments by the organisational manifesto of 18 March 1806. As royal colleges they each received a director as chief. As early as 1807, the name "Kollegium" was replaced by the name "Departement" and all internal administration was brought together in one department, all of which was under the direct supervision and direction of the Minister of the Interior. The highest office was formed by a board of directors under the presidency of the minister, which was responsible for "the most null and void affairs of public administration" (Wintterlin Vol. 1 p. 247). The Ministry consisted of the Minister, the President of the Supreme Government, the Directors of the Departments and the oldest Councils. All departments dealt with the business in collegial consultation and were individually referred to as:I. Oberregierungskollegium mit den Unterdepartements1. Department of Criminal Investigation2. Police Department3. OberlehendepartementII OberlandesökonomiekollegiumIII Straßen-, Brücken- und WasserbaudepartementIV. Medical DepartmentIn 1811, the so-called office system was introduced to speed up the course of business. In place of a Directorate General, King Frederick decided, following the example of other states, to order a Council of State, another body to advise on comprehensive matters dealt with by one or more departments at the same time. Now the collegial departments were divided into various smaller ministerial departments - known as sections - which at the same time acted as central authorities for the whole country. There was no authority between the minister and the senior officials during this time. The Department of Home Affairs included:1. the Section of Internal Administration (previously the subdepartments of the Oberregierungskollegium)2. the Section of Internal Administration (previously the subdepartments of the Oberregierungskollegium). The section of the feud3. The Medical Section4. The Section of Roads, Bridges and Hydraulic Engineering5. and 6. The Sections of Municipal Administration and Accounting, which took the place of the Oberlandesökonomiekollegiums, were merged into one Section of Municipal Administration in 1812.According to § 31 of the Organizational Edict of 18 November 1817, the Ministry of the Interior was assigned a college called "Oberregierung" (Upper Government), which existed until 1917, to deal with the affairs requiring collegial consultation. In 1817, the competence of the Interior Administration was extended by the incorporation of the Church and School System, which was separated from the Ministry of the Interior only by decree of 28 October 1849 and established as an independent Ministry as the Department of Church and School System. Until 1918 it was worded in such a way that first of all the rapporteurs were designated and then their business was listed. The first draft of a new business division (1918/19), which was to be subdivided into business divisions, initially provided for eight business divisions. By order of the Ministry of the Interior of 14 October 1922 No. V 7171 (Bü 284), the new business division divided into twelve business circles (I - XII) finally came into force. The business circles formed the basis for the "processing plan" (later business distribution plan), which was created for the first time. He was also responsible for the allocation of files to the officials responsible for handling business on the basis of the processing plan. In the Fifth Organizational Edict of 18 November 1817, the business of the Chancellery Director was described in more detail. His duties initially included only the law firm's business, i.e. monitoring the entire course of business and keeping and countersigning the registers at meetings. He was also in charge of the supervision of the Accounting Chamber integrated into the firm. In the business distributor of 1878 the most important tasks of the later business part I, the execution of the civil service law and the budgeting, are already listed beside the tasks of the Kanzleidirektor. History of the holdings: According to the Service Regulations for the Upper Government of 21 December 1817 and the oath form for the ministerial registrars, files, diaries and registers (directorates) kept in alphabetical order had to be kept at the ministerial registry. In addition, two other aids were available, an alphabetical list of the names of the persons about whom files had been created at the Ministry, and an "Index normalis" for the period 1817 - 1868 (with supplements from the years 1875, 1876). The latter is an alphabetical list of the files in the registry which contained precedents. Another precedent book was created as a continuation of 1868 by Kanzleirat Zeyer. It differs from the "Index normalis" created by Kanzleirat Euting in that it does not only contain precedent traps. The "Index normalis" is arranged purely alphabetically, as well as the Prejudicial Book, but is subdivided according to the material according to the registration plan introduced by Zeyer. The directorate was nevertheless retained and reestablished in 1875. Until 1891, the relevant rubric was added to each entry, then the files were marked with the technical and box signature. Registratur Sibert introduced the following improvements in 1895: The classification system that emerged at the beginning of the 19th century proved to be impractical and outdated over the course of time due to the arbitrary choice of catchwords. Sibert reworked the individual categories and in 1896 carried out extensive Aken excretions. With the draft of a new classification order (registration plan) approved on September 24, 1896, Sibert retained the previous order. However, individual items of a keyword were grouped under one heading, so that the number of main headings was reduced from 167 to 88. In May 1900, Sibert established a new directorate, and on January 1, 1912, three registry departments were formed at the Ministerial Registrar's Office. The basis for the division of the three registry departments was formed by six registry land registers (Directories), which were divided between the three departments as follows:Registries Department I General Repertory Volume I Special Directorate Volume I Special Directorate Volume I General Repertory Volume I Special Directorate Volume III General Repertory Volume II Special Directorate Volume IVDThe three general Directories were divided according to the alphabetical order of the main categories, the three Special Directories according to the alphabetical order of the higher offices, the three Special Directories according to the alphabetical order of the higher offices, and the three Special Directories according to the alphabetical order of the higher offices. Following the division of the Ministry of the Interior into twelve business circles, the previous six registry general ledgers were completed and, from 1923, each business division was assigned its own registry department designated by the number of the business division. Since then, the general ledgers have been laid out as loose-leaf books. In business section I, where around 5000 diary numbers and 4000 personnel file numbers were produced each year, a special arrangement was made in 1925 in which the enema was no longer entered in the diary but in a card file. In the other departments, the practice has remained the same, i.e. all individual cases have been registered in the diary and general ledger. The second part of the general ledger, which was created according to subject areas, comprised the district general ledger, which had been maintained since 1924. Since 1 January 1939, individual cases have only been recorded on an order card index for reasons of rational working methods. Instead of the diary number, these receipts have since carried the bundle number with a corresponding sub-number. As can be seen from the attached concordance, individual groups of files were provided with nine file signatures after 1939. Processing Report: The present holdings are a summary of the following partial deliveries and provisionally formed holdings of the Provenance Ministry of the Interior, Dept. I, Office Directorate:1. Transfer Index of 29 April 1958 including the Special Index of 1961 on the Records of the District Offices .2. Transfer Index of 8 August 1980, Diary No. 3766.3. Delivery of the Regierungspräsidium Tübingen via the State Archives Sigmaringen of 11 August 1980, and of the Regional Archives of Sigmaringen, Germany, to the District Archives of Tübingen. March 1981 diary number 1153.4. delivery directory of different departments of the Ministry of the Interior from 2 March 19815. files from the time after 1945, which were so far components of the stocks EA 2/1 and EA 2/2. During the revision of the stock extensive files (Az. 751-0301-552 from 13 February 1986) from the time after 1945 were separated and pulled to the stock EA 2/2 Ministry of the Interior department I. For the present repertory, the handover lists mentioned above were merely checked and supplemented, but the form of title recording for repertories was chosen for easier handling of the find book. Individual files of Groups IX (Festivities and Commemorations) and XI (Art and Science) were indexed and recorded in detail by Archivamtmännin Pfeifle as early as 1975. since further job files were identified during the compilation of the partial holdings, it was necessary to merge the files of the special job file index of 1958 as well as the special index attached to it ("Personalakte" der Landratsämter) to delivery number 144. The previous special directory for serial number 145 has been provided with the new bundle numbers and can therefore still be used. The classification of the inventory was based on the rules of procedure of January 1923. A concordance of the bundle numbers to the previous serial numbers of the delivery lists is attached to the find book. The now united stock was revised and repackaged by the archive employees Hans Meissner and Kurt Lohmüller in the period 1981 - 1984 according to the instructions of the undersigned. The typewritten work was carried out by Mrs. Else Schwelling and Mrs. Gisela Filipitsch. The collection comprises 3161 numbers (100.5 m).Stuttgart, April 1986Walter Wannenwetsch
Inventory description: Abt. 5 - Stadtverwaltung Worms 1815-1945 Scope: 1160 archive cartons (= approx. 181 linear metres), in addition approx. 120 linear metres of bound documents for the account of the town, the municipal authorities and the city of Worms. Works, companies and institutions (approx. 1880-1935, large, undz.) Scope after completion of the delay and conversion (July 2004, updated or converted, current version added, last 18.10.2012 = merger of the two files in Augias): 7742 VE (with UnterVE: 7793) Duration: 1815 - 1945 I. Content and scope II. Tax layers III. Losses and cassation IV. Condition and storage V. Find books and other finding aids VI. Supplementary archive holdings VII. On the history of the city administration VIII. Literature I. Contents and scope The collection contains files, official books and documents of the Municipality of Worms for the period 1815 - 1945, with a focus on the period from the end of the 19th century to the 1920s, plus a few pieces with longer durations, minus the areas whose documents are stored in the archives in the 11th registration file 12th registry office 13th registry office 12th registry office 12th registry office 13th registry office 13th registry office 13th registry office 13th registry office 13th registry office 13th registry office 13th registry office 13th registry office 13th registry office 13th registry office 13th registry office office 13th registry office 13th registry office 13th registry office 13th registry office 13th registry office Police Directorate 14. Commercial Court 15. Food Office 16. Food, Economic and Agricultural Office 17. Housing Office 18. Building Code Office 20. Cultural institutes, which, due to the quantity of material received and the fact that they are separated from the main stock, have been left as independent departments and some of them are already listed. In addition, plans for municipal and former municipal buildings of the period from around 1900 onwards are stored in the planning chamber of Amt 60.2 Bauamt-Hochbau. Further material still in stock at the offices is not known at present. The file envelopes usually carried (and carry, unless renewal was necessary due to poor condition) imprints or writings which they assigned to the (Lord) Mayor or the Mayor's Office, in the 1920s - 1940s also to the city administration. Only rarely do special municipal offices appear, namely - Stadtbauamt (approx. 70 files, sometimes factually and temporally parallel to those of the Lord Mayor, (especially in the case of files concerning Worms monuments), with departmental and section information that points to a different registration plan, - Versicherungs-/Fürsorge-/Wohlfahrts- und Jugendamt, Hessischer Bezirksfürsorgeverband Stadt Worms (changing names and combinations, approx. The files available here are thus likely to be the only remains of the registries of the offices mentioned, whereby the losses must have been enormous especially at the first two offices and presumably occurred only after 1945 due to the destruction of files without consulting the City Archives. Also files of the police office / police administration were found in approx. 25 cases in the stock and left in this connection, furthermore quite sporadically also further offices, whose delivery is good in the city archives (range of the Abt. 11 - 20, see above). The district office of Worms appears several times (especially in the files concerning economic concessions) as a preliminary provenance. TWO. The holdings were taken over by the City Archives around 1900 with a focus on the 1920s, but there are no individual records of this. On the file skirts, in which it was stored standing up to distortion, the delivery layers A, B, C, D and occasionally E were verifiable. In addition there was a larger delivery of the public utilities in 2002 (concerning the tram) as well as some files, which were delivered afterwards by municipal offices. In the course of the listing, the dissolved departments 64 (Scholarship Foundation Cornelius Heyl), 65 (White Scholarship Fund) as well as individual pieces from department 6, among them the documents of the 20th century previously kept as department 6 U, were integrated into department 5. Departments 3 (minutes of the 19th and 20th centuries) and 4 (invoices of the 19th and 20th centuries) had already been dissolved and assigned to Dept. 5 according to their period of affiliation, thus achieving the same status as Departments 1 and 2. For layer A there is a typewritten overview produced in the archives (now abbot 206 Old finding aids no. 4), which shows that abbot 5 A also contained files of the time of municipality (1792 - 1813), which are now integrated into abbot 2. The files lasted until about the middle of the 19th century and were arranged according to the registration plan for the Grand Ducal Mayors of Hesse of 1837 (original plan in Dept. 13 No. 1019). For stratum B, which comprised files from 1792 to 1906, mainly from the second half of the 19th century, there is a similar overview in Dept. 206 No. 4, also according to the order of the 1837 registry plan. There is also a handwritten register, which was apparently drawn up in one go and probably soon after 1906 (Dept. 206 No. 11). This list differs from the typewritten list mainly in that it contains a considerable number of files which are missing from the more recent list, only partially reappeared in the new list and must therefore have been cashed in or lost in the meantime. It also contains handwritten supplements of the archive employees Mrs. Sauerwein (in service until 1986) concerning files, which, for unknown reasons, had not been mentioned in the old register, had meanwhile appeared and been incorporated into the inventory, as well as a loose note of archive director Reuter with notes to the layers A, B and C. Also to layer C, which was formed from files of the time mostly after approx. 1906 - 1931, an old handwritten directory is available (Dept. 206 No. 12). It corresponds to the registration plan for the Großherzoglich Hessischen Bürgermeistereien of 1908, although it does not show sections below the departments marked with Roman numerals, but only consecutive numbering. This type of signing can also be found in part on the subsequent files up to 1945; a draft file plan with decimal classification (Dept. 5 No. 6631) submitted in 1932 has left no traces. There was no revision or machine transcription here, but there are more recent handwritten supplements by various hands. There are no directories for layers D and E, smaller deliveries. III. losses and cassation Due to the bombing raid of 21.02.1945 "primarily the loss of the stocks bricked up in several storeys in the Cornelianum was to be deplored, whereby above all considerable parts of the younger files of the city administration were lost. The exact extent of the loss of archival records, which may have been about 30 to 50 percent in the case of the more recent files, can hardly be determined with certainty" (Bönnen, Stadtarchiv, p. 22). In view of this and the losses - probably to be separated from it - noted above at layer B, any further cassation by the city archives was refrained from. The period of the densest file tradition extends from the end of the 19th to the 1920s. IV. Condition and storage The files stored in bundles and standing at the beginning of the indexing process, as well as the books, were, as far as possible, transferred to archive cartons in the usual manner. In the case of the tram files taken over from the Stadtwerke in 2002, the unusual condition that the original files, loosely laid out in file covers, were all put in standing files had to be reversed. Otherwise, stand-up files, folders or even thread-stitching appeared only sporadically. The 19th and 20th century invoices, the last part of the inventory, are only partially recorded at present (May 2004) and will continue to be stored in two rooms in the attic of the office building in Adenauerring due to their size and rare use. An archive box with the inscription "Schimmelbefall" contains the few affected pieces of the generally well-preserved stock (box no. 1140). V. Finding aids and other finding aids The inventory was recorded predominantly on index cards on the basis of the order by departments and with occasional deviations in the sections in accordance with the 1908 registry plan, and since 1992 has been stored in the PC (F
The N11 collection of Mintman's estate comprises 169 units of indexation with a total duration from 1863 to 1975. It probably reached the Kleve district archives shortly after the death of the estate of Ludwig Mintman (1884-1975) and was incorporated into the old collection E here. Groups were formed and provided with the signatures E6 to E34. An exact list of the old index can be found in the registry of the district archives under the file number 41 22 14 02. Since this first indexing was only a rough sorting with however very exact single sheet indexing, the present reorganization and new indexing was carried out, which permits a systematic access to the stock with the help of a classification. In addition, a search via keywords is possible. During the reorganization, cash was also collected, especially newspapers and newspaper cuttings. In addition some photos and death slips were taken and arranged with origin note into the appropriate collections, namely into F3 photo collection of the circle archives Kleve, S6 death slips collection and S16 prayer mission Primiz pictures. The estate consists or consisted mainly of books. Those with historical or local references were incorporated into the library of the district archives immediately after the inheritance was taken over at the end of the 1970s. A list of these books unfortunately does not exist. However, all volumes were marked with a stamp "Nachlass Mintmans". The largest part of the estate consists of textbooks or books related to pedagogy and didactics. These were grouped together, e.g. according to subjects. In addition, the estate also contains personal papers and private items, as well as extensive notes on the genealogy of various Aldekerk families, elaborations for teaching and drafts for the chronicle of Aldekerk as well as articles for the Aldekerk Heimatblatt and the Geldrische Heimatkalen-der. Ludwig Mintmans was born on 17 March 1884 at the Vennekels- and Mintmanshof in Kengen, Rheurdt municipality, Moers district as the only son of the married couple Jakob Mintmans and Anna Petronella née Jörris. After his discharge from primary school, he first attended the Präparandenanstalt in Krefeld, then the Lehrerseminar in Kempen from 1903 to 1906. After passing the 1st apprenticeship examination in July 1906, he became a teacher at the elementary school in Aldekerk. At first he received only a temporary employment, but after passing the 2nd apprenticeship examination in October 1909 he was permanently employed. At the same time he headed the vocational school in Aldekerk. After the end of the Second World War, Mr. Mintmans was reinstated into the school service in December 1945, from which he retired on 23 March 1948. The personal file of Ludwig Mintman is in inventory A under the signature KA Kle A 24. Further information about him and his teaching activities can be found in the following files: KA Kle A 106, KA Kle A 267, KA Kle B 417. On 13 June 1911 Ludwig Mintmans married Katharina Dese-laers, born on the Bermeshof in Vernum. The two had four children: Ludwig (7.7.1912), Adele (24.4.1914), Jakob (4.3.1917) and Heinrich (4.5.1921). Mrs. Mintmans died in May 1967. Ludwig Mintmans devoted his entire life to the history of his homeland, especially to researching the history of his hometown Aldekerk. So he wrote a chronicle for the parish Aldekerk, designed the coat of arms for the parish Aldekerk, took care of the dialect care and was co-founder of the Heimatverein, in which he received the honorary membership for his 80th birthday. Ludwig Mintmans published the following articles in the Geldrisches Heimatkalender: GHK 1953, p. 69ff: Das Rittergut Palings GHK 1955, p. 27ff: Haus- und Hofmarken GHK 1956, p. 110ff: Buttermilch und Flötekäs. The court of the Lower Rhine in ancient times GHK 1957, p. 79f: Ritter Deric van Eyll GHK 1957, p. 126f: Dä Kretbom. En Vertellsel ut de fruggeren Tid in Vogdeier Platt GHK 1958, p. 150f: The New Coat of Arms of the Office Aldekerk GHK 1959, p. 125f: Eduard Poell a Domestic Dialect Poet GHK 1960, p. 117f: A Court with a Past. From the history of the Lindemanshof in Aldekerk GHK 1961, p. 126: Alte Schöpfbrunnen. The excavations at Haus Titz in Rahm GHK 1962, p. 168f: Der Rittersitz "et Gut ter Stade" GHK 1963, p. 139ff: First German pastor in Bulgaria. The memory of ater Laurentius Dericks GHK 1965, p. 175ff: Der alte Doktor GHK 1965, p. 183ff: Das Herren- und Rittergut Gastendonk GHK 1967, p. 107ff: 500 Jahre Kloster in Aldekerk. On 11 July 1967 the monastery and its church celebrate 500 years of existence Ludwig Mintman died on 22 October 1975 at the age of 92. An obituary can be found in the Heimat-blatt of the municipality of Aldekerk, Volume 6, No. 21 of 8 November 1975. The estate was rearranged and recorded by Claudia Kurfürst from October to December 2008.
History of the Inventor: Establishment of an office on 12 February 1919 for the processing of the duties assigned to the Reich President by the Constitution as head of state, at the same time official liaison office between the Reich President and the Reich and state authorities; transfer of the powers of the Reich President to the "Reich Chancellor and Führer" Adolf Hitler by the law on the head of state of 1 August 1934; retention of the office of the Reich President and renaming of the office to Präsidialkanzlei by ordinance of 4 September 1934. Inventory description: Inventory history In the 1930s, the office of the Reich President regularly handed over so-called "Weglegesachen" to the Reich Archives, for example in April 1932 and March/April 1935. However, the registry, which was still ready for handing over in 1944, with processes up to 1934, no longer reached the Reich Archives. In 1944, the archives already kept in the Reichsarchiv Potsdam were transferred to the galleries of Staßfurt and Schönebeck a.d.Elbe. The office of the presidential chancellery and the current registry were maintained at the end of the war in Kleßheim Castle near Salzburg. In 1942/1943 Schloss Kleßheim had been lavishly refurbished as the guest house of the presidential chancellery and the Führer for special purposes. After the capitulation of the German Reich and the occupation by the Allies, the archive holdings fell into their hands. For the files of the presidential chancellery, this meant, in accordance with the territorial division of the occupation zones, that the documents from the tunnels in Staßfurt and Schönebeck a.d.Elbe were largely transported to the USSR, and that the service records at Schloss Kleßheim were under American administration. During the Berlin blockade of 1948/49, the ministerial holdings subsequently brought together in the western sectors of Berlin were transferred to Whaddon Hall in Buckinghamshire and jointly administered by the Foreign Office of the United Kingdom and the American State Department. File returns from the Soviet Union to the GDR began in the mid-1950s. As part of the most extensive restitution campaign, the files of the Presidential Chancellery were transferred to the German Central Archive Potsdam (DZA) in 1959 and stored here under the signature 06.01. The holdings were supplemented in 1963 by further additions that had previously been assigned to the Reich Chancellery. At the same time, the files from American and English administration were transferred from the archive in Whaddon Hall to the Federal Archives in Koblenz. The inventory signature was R 54. After the unification of the two German states and the takeover of the Central State Archives of the GDR (ZStA) by the Federal Archives, the partial inventories were merged and are now stored in Berlin with the inventory signature R 601. 2,536 transactions from the NS archive of the MfS were incorporated during the current processing, the third comprehensive addition. After the repatriation of the files from the Soviet Union in the second half of the 1950s, the MfS also took over documents in order to expand and build up a personal collection for "operative" purposes. As a consequence, the concentration on individual persons, i.e. the person-related filing, meant the destruction of the historical context in which the tradition originated, as files and processes were torn apart or reformed. In autumn 1989 the archive came under the responsibility of the Ministry of the Interior of the GDR (MdI) and thus of the Central State Archive of the GDR. After its transfer to the Federal Archives and its provisional use in the 1990s, comprehensive IT-supported indexing began in 2001. At the Centre for the Preservation of Historical Documentary Collections, formerly the Central State Archives Special Archive Moscow, there are still 53 file units from the period 1921-1944 as Fund 1413 in the Centre for the Preservation of Historical Documentary Collections. These are "...above all files on the awarding of the Ostmark Medal (12 volumes, 1938 - 1943), Police Service Award (3 volumes, 1938 - 1943), and the.., 1942) and other awards (4 vols.), among others to railway workers in the Eastern territories, furthermore individual political reports (2 vols., 1935 - 1937) and documents on the representation at the London Disarmament Conference (1933), the discontinuation of proceedings for maltreatment of prisoners (1935 - 1936), racial and population policy (1935 - 1936) as well as a list of employees (1942 - 1943)". In the course of processing, the inventory was supplemented by files that had been proposed for cassation at an earlier date, but were returned to the inventory due to requests for use. These are files from Department B (Domestic Policy), Title XV, support given by the Reich President of Hindenburg to corporations and individuals, but above all for the purpose of assuming honorary sponsorships - inventory adjustments between the holdings R 43 Reich Chancellery, R 1501 Reich Ministry of the Interior and with the Central Party Archives of the SED The volumes with the previous signatures 1499 to 1502 were the provenance adjutant of the Wehrmacht to the Führer and Reich Chancellor. It was handed over to the Department of Military Archives in Freiburg/ Breisgau and assigned to the holdings RW 8. R 2 Reich Ministry of Finance R 43 Reich Chancellery R 2301 Court of Audit of the German Reich N 429 Paul von Hindenburg Estate NS 3 Economic and Administrative Main Office NS 6 Party Chancellery of the NSDAP Foundation Reichpräsident-Friedrich-Ebert Memorial, Heidelberg Archive of Social Democracy of the Friedrich-Ebert Foundation, Bonn Zentrum für die Aufbewahrung historisch-dokumentarischer Sammlungen (formerly Zentrales Staatsarchiv Sonderarchiv Moskau) Fonds 1413 Archivische Bewertung und Bearbeitung A first finding aid book on the files of the presidential chancellery was produced in the German Central Archive Potsdam in 1960. The 1,213 volumes of files were broken down by administrative structure and provisionally recorded. In 1967 the provisional indexing took place in the Federal Archives in Koblenz and in 1981 the submission of a finding aid book to the 241 volumes under the stock signature R 54. After the consolidation of the partial stocks from Potsdam and Koblenz a complete finding aid book was submitted in 1998. At the end of 2008, the database-supported revision of the finding aid book and the incorporation of 2538 files with the provenance Presidential Chancellery from the NS archive of the MfS began. The present archival records are composed of files in their original order of origin, partly with the original file covers and in the predominant number of individual folders comprising only a few sheets. The stock grew from 1,581 files by 933 signatures to a total of 2,547 files. The majority of these are personal transactions such as appointments and dismissals of civil servants and awards of orders. However, it was possible to supplement the volume series with two fact files from the years 1926 and 1927 both chronologically and verifiably on the basis of the diary numbers with volumes 8 and 9. The five-volume series in connection with Paul von Hindenburg's honorary membership is a complete complement. The current processing, including classification, was based on the registry order already used in the previous finding aid: Department A (Internal Affairs) Department B (Internal Policy) Department C (Foreign Policy) Department D (Military Policy) Department E (Not documented) Department O (Chancellery of the Order) Citation BArch R 601/1... Content characterization: Internal affairs of the presidential chancellery 1919-1945 (56): Correspondence with other authorities, rules of procedure of the Reich government, of Ministe‧rien and of the Reich Representation of the NSDAP 1924-1943 (8); organization, personnel, cash and budget matters of the presidential chancellery, private correspondence of Staatsmini‧ster Dr. Otto Meissner 1919-1945 (48); domestic policy 1919-1945 (939): Constitution 1919-1936 (19), Reich President 1919-1939 (190), Reich Government 1919-1936 (23), Legislation 1919-1936 (24), Civil Service 1919-1943 (109), Departments of the Reich Ministry of Labor 1919-1943 (46), Peripheral Areas of the Reich (Saar, Eastern Provinces), including Eastern Aid, Revolutionary Movements, Press, Police and Technical Emergency Aid, Disputes between Princes, Holidays and constitutional celebrations 1919-1945 (42), ministries of the Reich Ministry of Finance 1919-1944 (40), ministries of the Reich Ministry of Justice 1919-1942 (35), church, cultural and health services 1919-1944 (20), Economic and financial policy 1919-1944 (21), economic policy 1919-1944 (40), transport 1919-1943 (26), Disposi‧tionsfonds and donations 1919-1940 (292), Prussia 1919-1937 (5), Bavaria 1919-1936 (15); Foreign Policy 1919-1945 (143): Treaty of Versailles and its implementation 1919-1940 (39), international organizations and treaties 1919-1944 (26), Foreign Office 1921-1945 (2), intergovernmental agreements 1919-1944 (64), cultural relations with foreign countries 1920-1944 (4), foreign policy situation, weekly reports of the Foreign Office 1920-1933 (8); military policy 1919-1939 (48): Military Legislation and Policy 1919-1934 (39), Submitted Writings and Books 1928-1932 (1), Adjutant of the Wehrmacht to the Führer and Reich Chancellor 1934-1939 (4), Prisen‧ordnung 1939-1941 (1), Civil Air Defence 1927-1938 (2), Reich Labour Service 1935-1941 (1); Order Chancellery 1935-1945 (237): Management of orders and decorations 1935-1944 (3), service awards 1937-1945 (102), decorations 1939-1945 (43), decorations on certain occasions 1937-1944 (43), acceptance of foreign titles, orders and decorations by Germans 1941-1944 (6), war awards 1939-1944 (34), trade with orders and decorations 1941-1944 (6); Miscellaneous (congratulations) 1935-1944 (65); Letter diaries 1942 (1) State of development: Findbuch 2011 Citation method: BArch, R 601/...
History of Tradition The history of the Presidential Department The history of the Prussian government was divided into three or four departments, namely the Presidential Department (Department P), Administration (Department I) and Tax and Treasury (Department II). In the tradition of the presidential department two registry layers could be determined. The first layer distinguished between general files and special files with consecutive numbering. The files of this first layer were transferred to the file plan of the second layer, which was used since about 1905. The structure of the second layer represented the last state of order of the presidential registry. It consisted of 14 main groups, which roughly reflected the departments existing since 1852. Personnel files formed an additional main group. The respective main groups were marked with Roman numerals from I to XIV, the upper groups with capital letters. Only the E group, authorities and officials, in the main group I, sovereignty, was further subdivided. These bullet points are preceded by lower case letters. Within the main groups, counting was started from the beginning. The repertory of authorities in the presidential registry was designed for growth in the individual main groups, i.e. a number range was usually reserved within a main group of each upper group. From 1 January 1932, the administration of the general administration, the administration of the health service, the building construction, the interior and the district administration as well as some special areas was converted to the uniform file plan of the Prussian administration. This was based on decimal classification and replaced the thread-stitched files with mechanical standing files. In the presidential registry, however, the files were at least partially continued according to the old file plan. The repertory of the authorities contains notes on which files should be transferred from the current registry to the so-called ground registry, i.e. to the old registry, and which should be transferred to the archive. Some files contain the word "destroyed". However, these indications do not provide reliable information about the actual fate of the files. A reference to the transfer of the documents to the standing registry was found with some file titles (especially with personnel files). In various cases, files from other sections or departments or from previous authorities were included in the presidential files as previous files. Reference is made above all to the written material of the Royal Prussian Commissarius (cf. fonds Ho 231). Contents and Evaluation Principles of Registration Polish archivist Beata Waclawik from the Allenstein State Archives worked her way into the Prussian registry and file system within the framework of a scholarship from the Volkswagen Foundation from 20.4 to 15.8.1990. During her work at the Sigmaringen State Archives, she began the indexing of the presidential department. Their distortion performance flowed into the present repertory in revised form. When the inventory was recorded, the file references listed in the repertory of authorities were used as the basis for the recording. Nearly all file covers were also provided with a file subject, which largely coincided with that in the repertory. The file title was compared with the file content and, if necessary, modified and normalized. In various cases, files from other sections or departments or from previous authorities were included in the presidential files as previous files. If these were listed in the repertories of the sections and not marked with registration signatures of the presidential department, they were returned to the corresponding section. However, if they were integrated into the registration scheme of the Presidential Department, they remained there, even though they had not experienced any further growth in the Presidential Department. Laws and ordinances were not thrown out in principle. Maps and plans, as long as they were not integrated into the fascicle, were removed for conservation reasons and incorporated into the map selection. Areas and places that were no longer on German Reich territory after 1918 were identified, as far as possible, on the basis of their administrative affiliation when the file was created. The signing was done with the archival development program Midosa 95 in the years 1998 to 2000 by the undersigned. Holger Fleischer completed the final EDP work. The present stock comprises 16.1 linear metres (in unpackaged condition) and 895 units of registration, beginning with numbers 32 to 926. The numbers 1 to 31 are listed in stock Ho 235 T 2. For reasons of data protection, the 380 personnel files also contained in the inventory could not be taken into account for this online find book. Contains above all: State sovereign matters Royal Prussian House and Princely Hohenzollern House Celebrations in the presence of members of the Royal House and on feast days of members of the Royal and Princely House; other events within the families; intended acquisition of the Zollern cone by the Royal House; Title dispute between the Prussian government and the princely house - class rule Relationship of the government to the class rule Fürstenberg and Thurn und Taxis in Hohenzollern - state constitution and state colours - seizure of the Hohenzollern principalities by Prussia and the resulting constitutional changes; Contract of assignment; celebrations of homage; takeover of civil servants; colours and coats of arms of Hohenzollern; change of the name of the country; commemoration of the Anschluss an Preußen - Behörde und Beamte Organisation der Landesverwaltung Reorganisation of the administration after takeover of the principalities by Prussia; employment of a Prussian commissariat; Establishment and dissolution of an Immediatkommission (Immediate Commission); regulation of official responsibilities; administrative reforms; discussions on the possible new regulation of Hohenzollern's nationality - distribution of business and instructions for the government - business and service instructions; Fire regulations for the government building; establishment of a department for indirect taxes; business audits; office reform; business distribution plans - administrative reports - Immediate newspaper reports - civil servants - general takeover and swearing in of civil servants by the Prussian State; disciplinary investigations; Distinguishing marks on service caps; visit of ministers and senior officials to Hohenzollern; employment and training of civil servants; conduct outside the service; political conduct; support - Regierungspräsidium Verwaltung des Regierungspräsidiums - Regierungsungskollegium und Regierungsreferendare Stellenbesetzungen; Training; transfers; personal and official conditions; sketches prepared by members of the government - office, clerical and sub-official staff Recruitment; training; examination; substitution; transfer; staff reduction - archives, registries and libraries Establishment of a government archive and a Princely Hohenzollern House and Domain Archive; List of files of the presidential registry; use of the State Archives; segregation of files; library matters - district committee, district and other authorities and their officials administration of the higher offices; position of the higher officials or County councillors; Hohenzollern deputation for the homeland system; establishment of the district council or of the District Committee; District Health Insurance Fund of the Road Construction Administration; District Forestry Officers; Higher Insurance Offices; Dissolution of the Sigmaringen Main Customs Office - judicial authorities and their officials, administration and organisation of justice; State Examination of Legal Candidates; Public Prosecutor's Office; Complaints in judicial cases; judicial reform; lists of jurors; formation of courts of lay assessors; investigation against the lawyer Dopfer in Sigmaringen; service of the police attorney Ruff von Hechingen - general instructions acquisition and loss of the Prussian subject status; Authentication of documents; Flagging of public buildings; Service vehicle - legislation Real charges separation; Water cooperatives; Family fidei Kommisse; Relocation of the state border against Württemberg; Land mergers; Literature on high customs laws - statistics, topography and meteorology Orthography of the name Wehrstein; Transmission of statistical notes; Establishment and operation of a meteorological station; Communications on the Prussian Court and State Manual or to the Prussian State Calendar - Award of orders and titles - Award of orders and titles; Award of office titles; Title dispute between the government and the Princely House of Hohenzollern; Titular system; List of holders of orders - Elections of the two Prussian chambers; Elections of the House of Representatives; Political conditions in Hohenzollern; election of the Reichstag by the North German Federation and the German Reich - Official Gazette; distribution of newspapers and periodicals Official Gazettes; promotion of the distribution of periodicals; promotion of subscriptions to pictures and books - military affairs Mobilisation Execution and/or Modification of mobilization plans; protection of Hohenzollern in the event of war with Switzerland; occupation of Hohenzollern by Württemberg troops in the German-German war; wars of 1866 and 1871; demobilization; return of prisoners of war after the 1st World War. World War II - Other claim to the so-called hundredthal positions; investigation against Hohenzollern officers and crews for misconduct at the Battle of Oos in 1849; "Small Guard"; planned acquisition of the Koller Bathhouse in Hechingen for military purposes; military surveying of Hohenzollern; weapons of the former civil defence; garrisoning; Catholic military pastoral care; Memorial Day; Application by candidates for pension for the office service - municipal matters Landeskommunalverband Landeskommunalverband Landeskommunalverband and its civil servants Amtsverbände and Landeskommunalverband; employment relationships of civil servants - Kommunallandtag Bildung; election; meetings; convocations; meetings of the Landesausschuss; budgets; chairman and his deputy; treatment of the domain question - Landesausschuss Members and their swearing-in - legal regulations negotiations of the 1. Chamber on the Provincial Constitution; extension of the autonomy rights of the provinces; local self-government; implementation of the law on the extension of the powers of the Chief President and simplification of administration at the regional association of municipalities - finances - taking out loans for, inter alia, the purchase and conversion of the Hotel Schach into a country house; actions for embezzlement and other legal proceedings. a. against the President of the Regional Court (retired) Evelt; budget relations; sales of real property - supra-regional representations elections to the Prussian state council; provincial council - savings and loan fund organization - Fürst-Karl-Landesspital 50th anniversary; directors; Meetings of the Regional Commission of the Hospital - Agricultural School - Road Construction Self-administration in the field of roads - Official Associations Taking out loans; Budgets; Administrative Reports; Determination Decisions; Official Supervision of Associations - Mayors and Municipal Councils Supervision of Municipal Council Elections; Behaviour of the local councils; meeting of the mayors, local heads and bailiffs - debt repayment fund - establishment - disciplinary investigations - municipal regulations - drafts; improvements - charity support soup kitchens; support for the poor; support for the widow of the former district president Frank von Fürstenwerth - graces gifts - Stephanie Foundation for the dowry of devout virgins; Karl-Anton-Josephinen Foundation for the support of first marital unions and jubilee couples; König Wilhelm Foundation or Preußische Striftung für hilfsbedürftige erwachsene Beamtentöchter; Kaiserin-Augusta-Stiftung und Kaiserin-Augusta-Verein für deutsche Töchter - Ehrenämter des Regierungspräsidenten Chairman of the Provinzialverein des Roten Kreuzes für die Hohenzollerischen Lande; Bezirksverband der Cecilienhilfe - Bausachen und Verkehrsanstalten Bausachen Takeover of princely buildings and inventories; Construction of the Hohenzollern Castle; hall and meeting room in the government building; roads and other buildings; official residence of the district president; Hedingen grammar school in Sigmaringen - post and telegraph system Badisch-Prussian telegraph line; postage freedom for some civil servants; transfer of the postal system in Hohenzollern to Württemberg - railway railway projects; Introduction of the railway law in Hohenzollern; Hohenzollerische Landesbahn - Kultur Musik Private music lessons; anniversaries of singing associations - preservation of monuments, antiquities Acquisition and collection of antiquities and architectural monuments; conservation of monuments; inventory of architectural and artistic monuments; Landeskonservator; implementing provisions of the excavation law of 1914; Verein für Geschichte und Altertumskunde in Hohenzollern; archaeological research in Hohenzollern carried out by the Württemberg State Office for the Preservation of Monuments - Trade and Commerce - Stone Science; introduction of new branches of industry; raising of the trade business; training schools for craftsmen; promotion of silk breeding; cloth factories - agriculture; Formation of the Landesökonomie-Kollegium; Replacement of the real burdens; reports on the state of the seeds; central office of the Association for Agriculture and Trade; Federation of Farmers (Hohenzollerischer Bauernverein); disciplinary proceedings - police Political police investigations for treason; observation of the political activities of German refugees in Switzerland; fight against social democracy; Surveillance of the anarchic movement, political surveillance; treatment of anonymous letters; revolution in 1918; Kapp Putsch; communist activities - penal institutions supervisory personnel of the Hornstein penal institution; intended repurchase of Hornstein Castle by the Barons of Hornstein - press supervision; editor of the Hohenzollernsche Wochenblatt; State aid for the Hohenzollerische Blätter published in Hechingen for the publication of official communications - associations - monitoring of associations - fire insurance - building fire insurance; accounting of public fire insurance institutions in Prussia - medical affairs - occupation of medical civil service posts; organisation of medical administration; Private clinic in Hechingen; examination of the management of the senior medical officers - church matters General separation of the church from the state; protests of Catholic clergy against the burial of Protestants in Catholic cemeteries; festive days - Catholic Church Affairs of the Catholic Church; church disputes in the Upper Rhine and Baden areas, respectively. Kulturkampf; occupation of parish offices; conduct of priests; occupation of the archbishop's chair and cathedral chapter offices in Freiburg; planned separation of Hohenzollern from the sprinkler of the archdiocese of Freiburg; exercise of patronage law; branches of orders; relationship between church and schools; award of titles; Confirmations and church consecrations; ecclesiastical jurisdiction; blocking money use law; expenses for the diocese administration in Freiburg - supervision of asset management in the Catholic dioceses and parishes - law on asset management; election of church leaders; Service instructions for the church councils; exercise of state supervision; collection of church taxes - Protestant church - Church conditions of Protestant residents; remuneration of pastors; collections to support poor Protestant congregations and theology students; Church councils; holding and localities for the divine service; Protestant inner mission - Jewish community of faith - Jewish cult relations - School system - Secondary schools - Personnel matters; Behaviour of teachers; Relationship of the Hedingen Gymnasium to the Archbishop of Freiburg - Elementary schools - Personal matters, v. a. Disciplinary investigations; municipal education; school commissioners and school inspectors; foundation of Protestant community schools; law on the maintenance of public elementary schools - cashier's offices - cash registers and banks Planned establishment of banks; annual reports of the Stetten salt mine and revision of the salt works fund - budget, salaries and pensions - debts Memorandum on the repayment of the high customs debts of the province; raising of a state loan - disposition fund - personal files
History of the Inventory Designer: The Reichsschrifttumskammer was established with the First Ordinance on the Implementation of the Reichskulturkammergesetz of 01 November 1933 [1]. It was intended to bring together 'all those persons who, from the initial production of the poetry to commercial distribution, worked on German literature' [2]. However, this did not include newspapers and magazines which were regarded as press products and were therefore under the supervision of the Reich Press Chamber. The demarcation between the two chambers was regulated in the "Joint Announcement on the Integration Obligation of Business and Publishing Enterprises at the Reichsschrifttums- or Reichspressekammer of 4 April 1934" [3]. At the beginning, the registration of professionals working in the field of literature was limited to the Reichsverband deutscher Schriftsteller. However, this already changed on 22 December 1933 with the "Bekanntmachung über die Gliederung der Reichsschrifttumskammer" [4]. Thus existing professional associations such as the "Verband der Deutschen Volksbibliothekare E.V.", the "Verein Deutscher Bibliothekare E.V.", the "Reichsfachschaft Buchhandel im Deutschen Handlungsgehilfen-Verband" were integrated into the Reichsschrifttumskammer. Its members became members of the Chamber and were thus subject to the disciplinary power of the Chamber. In addition, new working groups were formed and various professional groups joined together in associations. These included, among others, the "German Book Communities" and the "Society of Bibliophiles". The German public libraries were to be combined by the German Community Day "in order to integrate them into the Reichsschrifttumskammer"[5]. As in all other areas of culture, membership of the Reichsschrifttumskammer was absolutely necessary in order not to be subject to a de facto ban on employment. Thus the "Order of 30 July 1934 on Proof of Membership in the Reichsschrifttumskammer"[6] ensured that the publishing and book trade enterprises were only allowed to enter into business relations with members of the RSK. In order to facilitate the implementation of that order, all members had to indicate 'in their business correspondence the membership number of their competent professional association'[7]. Violations should be punished with disciplinary action. Information on authors and translators was provided by the publishers at the request of the "Kontrollstelle des Reichsverbandes Deutscher Schriftsteller". In any case, the authors had to provide considerable personal information and expert opinions (e.g. expert opinions of the NSDAP, the Gestapo and the responsible state leadership of the RSK[8]) in order to become members. "Unreliable" authors were thus prohibited from exercising their profession by refusing membership. The rejected applicants and exclusions from the RSK were published in the Börsenblatt des Deutschen Buchhandels, in the Großdeutscher Leihbüchereiblatt and in the magazines "Der Schriftsteller" and "Der Autor". In addition to professional representation and support, the RSK had the task of maintaining a "list of harmful and undesirable literature", which appeared in print for the first time in 1936. However, the decision on book prohibitions was taken by the Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda. "The political influence of the German literature [...] is a matter of the Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda (Department VIII), which uses the Reichsschrifttumsstelle established at the Ministry to solve this task"[9] The organisational structure [10] consisted of the President, two Vice-Presidents, the former President and the Presidential Council at the management level. The first President Hans Friedrich Blunck was replaced by Hanns Johst in October 1935. Blunck received the title of "former president" and was entrusted with overseeing the Chamber's foreign relations. The office was divided into five departments: I. Central Division II. Writers' Group III. Book Trade Group IV. Book Advertising V. Librarianship VI. Address and Advertising Book Trade VII. Economic Office of the German Book Trade The regional substructure consisted of the regional managements of the chamber in the respective district. They were to be addressed with applications for admission, general requests for literature and professional matters. Notes [1]Reichsgesetzblatt 1933 I, p. 797 [2]Handbuch der Reichskulturkammer, p. 136 [3]Das Recht der Reichsschrifttumskammer, p. 21-22 [4]ibid., p. 12-17 [5]ibid., p. 14 [6]ibid., p. 37-38 [7]ibid., p. 38 [8]R 56 V/170 [9]Handbuch der Reichskulturkammer, p. 136 [10]Beschreibung nach Handbuch der Reichskulturkammer, p. 135-200 Overview of the Presidents, Vice-Presidents and Managing Directors Presidents Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Hans Friedrich Blunck (from Oct. 1935 "Old President"), 1933 - Oct. 1935 Hans Johst, Oct. 1935 - 1945 Vice Presidents Dr. Heinz Wismann, 1933 - 1937 Wilhelm Baur, 1938 - 1945 Karl Heinz Hederich, 1937 - 1938 Managing Director Prof. Dr. Dr. Hans Hederich, 1937 - 1938 Richard Suchenwirth (1st Managing Director), 1935 Günter Haupt (2nd Managing Director), 1935 Karl Heinl, 1936 - May 1937 Wilhelm Ihde, May 1937 - Dec. 1943 Günther Gentz, Jan. 1944 - 1945 Inventory description: Inventory history In contrast to the other Chambers of Culture, the file tradition in the old Koblenz inventory R 56 V (see Publication Findbuch No. 31) was quite extensive (archive numbers R 56 V/1-196). These were included in the present distortion. The material files in the "Reichsschrifttumskammer" collections of the former Berlin Document Center were sorted out, newly recorded and assigned to the holdings. The content is essentially as follows: 1.) Review and permission to publish books, booklets and publications 2.) Inclusion in the "List of harmful and undesirable literature" 3.) Differences of opinion (disputes) between writers and publishers 4.) Correspondence between the RSK Headquarters and its national management in the individual districts. Archive processing The file titles available in the Koblenz partial stock are recorded in the online find book edited by Mr. Tim Storch. The signatures assigned at that time were retained. Information on the BDC stocks is already contained in the Findbuch R 56 [11]. However, the titles listed there do not reflect the full range of files listed here. On the one hand, this was the "Review and Approval of the Publication of Books, Booklets and Publications" (R 56 V/215-827), in which the publishers only informed the RSK about new editions and publications. Secondly, the RSK included various books (mostly foreign) in the "List of harmful and undesirable literature", mostly at the suggestion of the RMVP, which was tantamount to a ban. These documents were classified in the series "Inclusion in the "List of harmful and undesirable literature" - individual cases. The specimen copies found in the files were left there and included in the note containing them. Wolfram Werner's classification, 'which was not strictly based on the administrative structure'[12], had to be extended to include 'management', since it became apparent during the recording that the disputes in the file did not fit into that scheme. According to the "Handbuch der Reichskulturkammer" (Handbook of the Reich Chamber of Culture), an arbitration board was responsible for "differences of opinion between writers on the one hand, publishers and other exploiters of literary works on the other"[13], which was attached to the Rechtsreferenten. This legal officer in turn was directly subordinated to the management of the RSK [14]. Therefore the management was subdivided into the 3 areas "Legal Officer", "Supervisor" and "Intelligence and Statistics Unit". The classification point "Rechtsreferent" was divided into the areas "Allgemeine Rechtsfragen der Kammer" (R 56V/1050) and the so-called "Schlichtungsstelle" (litigation). In order to maintain uniformity, the old classification point "Surveillance and prohibition of literature" has been moved to the point "Supervisor". For disputes between individual writers, it was again not the conciliation body in the management that was responsible, but Division II (Writers' Group), which was subdivided into "Technical, Legal and Social Support for Writers". The old classification did not correspond so stringently to these individual areas. However, the newly recorded files made this necessary. The old classification point "Individual writers, in particular membership matters" was renamed "Technical support, also membership matters". The second classification point is "Legal support". The remaining classification points of the "Writers' Group" have been retained. Notes [11]Find books on holdings of the Federal Archives, volume 31, Reichskulturkammer und ihre Einzelkammern, p. 119 [12]ibid., p. 93 [13]Handbuch der Reichskulturkammer, p. 140 [14]ibid. Citation method BArch R 56-V/... State of development: Publication index of the Reich Chamber of Culture (1987), online index (2006). Citation style: BArch, R 56-V/...
History of the Inventor: The Act of 29 March 1935 on the Regulation of Public Land Requirements (Gesetz über die Regeung des Landbedarfs der öffentlichen Hand) (1) issued by the Reich Ministry of Food and Drink (Reichsernährungsministerium) established an Imperial Authority which, with the Führer Decree of 26 June 1935, was to assume the role of "Reich Office for Spatial Planning (RfR)" (Reichsstelle für Raumordnung) "for the entire territory of the Reich"(2). The expansion of planning to the Reich and state level led to the separation of spatial planning from local political sovereignty. "In agreement with the Reich and Prussian Ministers of Labor, the head of the Reich Office for Spatial Planning shall in particular regulate the organization of the planning associations and supervise them. (3) The RfR with its seat in Berlin, as the supreme Reich authority, was directly subordinate to the Führer and Reich Chancellor and, in fulfilling its tasks, made use of the Society for the Preparation of Reich Planning and Regional Planning (Gezuvor) (4), later known as the Reichsplanungsgemeinschaft e.V. (Reich Planning Association). (RPG). Head of the RfR and President of the RPG was the Reich Minister and Prussian State Minister Hanns Kerrl, who also headed the Reich Ministry for Church Affairs (RKM) in personal union. After his death in 1941, Hermann Muhs, until then State Secretary in the Reich Ministry for Church Affairs, took over the management of the official business. Due to close personal and organizational ties, the Reichsplanungsgemeinschaft appeared in the business distribution plan of the RfR from June 1937. Both as members of an organization in which the Reich Office for Spatial Planning was assigned the task of "administration", the Reich Planning Community the task of "design". The business distribution plan named two registries which served both offices according to the subject area. (5) The joint budget for the financial year 1937 stated: "Since the fields of activity of the RfR and the RPG overlap in many respects, there has been no complete administrative and budgetary separation between the RfR and the RPG, either in terms of the specific nature of the tasks to be performed or in terms of the appropriate use of all manpower. (6) Kerrls Erste Verordnung zur Durchführung der Reichs- und Landesplanung vom 15. Februar 1936(7) contains the regulations on the organization of subordinate agencies. The organic structure of the regional planning administration should correspond to the dual task of Nazi regional planning - political leadership on the one hand and coordination of all spatially relevant issues on the other. The Reich Office for Spatial Planning was established as an "organ of state and party, and it must be emphasized in particular that its competence is not limited to regulatory work in relation to agriculture, housing and industry, but that it is also co-determinative in the requirements of terrain for the public sector". (8) In organisational terms, a distinction was made between planning authorities and state planning associations. The former were the governors of the Reich and the presidents of Prussia. They supervised the state planning communities and had the task of enforcing the guidelines issued by the central office. They were able to arrange for an annual audit of the accounts and approve the relevant budget. The actual planning work was carried out by the regional planning associations, of which 22 were established throughout the country and whose number increased to 33 by 1941 as a result of the annexations that began in 1938. (9) Its members consisted of rural and urban districts, Reich and Land authorities, self-governing bodies, the administrations of professional organisations and the scientific institutions appointed to promote Reich and Land planning. The managing directors were the state planners. The statutes of the Landesplanungsgemeinschaften were based on the model statutes issued by the head of the Reich Office. Hanns Kerrl had set this up in order to maintain uniformity within the organisation. The statutes provided for the head of the planning authority as chairman and also ensured a close link between the planning communities and planning authorities in the further administrative substructure. According to the model scale of contributions, costs were borne in the following proportions: 51% was borne by the Reich, the remainder was borne equally by the member groups "self-government" (e.g. provincial associations, urban and rural districts) and "economy" (e.g. German Labour Front, Reichsnährstand, Chambers of Industry and Commerce). (10) The Landesplanungsgemeinschaften were treated as public corporations. (11) The services of the State, local authorities and professional organisations were required to provide administrative and administrative assistance to planning authorities and associations. Created as a management and coordination body for territorial planning in the entire territory of the Reich, the RfR was first to "ensure that the German area was shaped in a manner appropriate to the needs of the people and the state". (12) In addition to civilian settlement planning and management, the armament programme also dealt with the location distribution of military installations and traffic routes. Nevertheless, the decisive plans were ultimately drawn up by the Wehrmacht, the Reich Ministry of Economics and the four-year plan officers. (13) The Reich Office had practically no decision-making powers and could only veto them in individual cases. Its activities were thus limited to administrative supervision of regional planning authorities, state planning associations and the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung, which directed and coordinated research results on questions of territorial planning. In cooperation with the Reich Minister for Science, Education and People's Education, "the faculties of all German universities were called upon in the largest form to cooperate". (14) With the help of the scientific universities, expert opinions were developed on issues of emergency and conurbation rehabilitation in the pre-war period, with the focus after the outbreak of war also on the integrated eastern regions. As the central control authority, however, the Reich Office for Spatial Planning gradually lost its authority, at the latest at the time of the intensive work of the office of the Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of the German People, created under Heinrich Himmler, in shaping the "living space in the East". (15) The ban of all post-war planning imposed by Hitler during the war led to the cessation of the actual professional activity. The personnel of the RfR (16) was increasingly reduced. The exemptions from military service required by the planning institutions were no longer granted after the defeat of Stalingrad. On 6 February 1943, the head of the Reich Chancellery, Dr. Lammers, informed the Supreme Reich Authorities that the Reich Office would now only administer its documents and provide information on request. (17) For reasons of air-raid protection, the documents were transferred to Wittenberg in 1943/44 together with those of the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung and parts of the Reich Ministry for Church Affairs. Notes (1) RGBl. 1935, I, p. 468 (2) RGBl. 1935, I, p. 793 (3) RGBl. 1935, I, p. 1515 (4) Previously Gesellschaft zur Vorbereitung der Reichsautobahnen e.V. (until 1935) (5) BArch, R 113/2030 (6) BArch, library 96.11.22, p.3 (7) RGBl. 1936, I, p.104 (8) BArch, R 113/2439 (9) Michael Venhoff, "Die Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung (RAG) und die reichs- deutsche Raumplanung seit ihrer Entstehung bis die Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges 1945", Hanover 2000, p.15 (10)Pfundtner/Neubert, Das neue Deutsche Reichsrecht I b 25 p.12 (11)See, inter alia, Werner Weber, "Die Körperschaften, Anstalten und Stiftungen des öffentlichen Rechts", Munich and Berlin, 1943, p.52 (12)See §3 of the Gesetz über die Regelung des Landbedarfs der öffentlichen Hand vom 29.3.1935 (13) "Special planning in the individual fields of activity continues to be the responsibility of the responsible departments. They have the obligation to announce their planning plans to the Reich Office for Spatial Planning." (2nd decree on the Reich Office for Regional Planning of 18 Dec. 1935), R 113/128 (14)BArch, R 113/2439 (15)Cf. Michael Venhoff, see above, p.73 (16)Exact number of employees not available (17)BArch, R 43 II/708, p.51 Inventory description: In March 1946, Martin Mäckler, then Director of Construction in the sector of the British military government, was commissioned by the Berlin magistrate to initiate the return of files from the Reich Office for Regional Planning in Wittenberg. After they had been reviewed, part of these documents were sent in 1947 to the Department of Housing, Urban Planning and Regional Planning of the Central Office of the Labour Department of the British Occupation Zone in Lemgo. After the dissolution of the head office, the maps, files and books were first forwarded to the local tax office and finally requested by the Federal Ministry of Housing. Another much larger part went to the Berlin Main Office for Overall Planning of the West Berlin Magistrate, including personnel files, and was finally handed over to the Berlin branch of the Institute for Spatial Research (Bad Godesberg). The transfer to the Berlin main archive, which had been responsible for official files since 1946 (since 1963 again Secret State Archive), took place in 1959, where the indexing began under the signature Rep.325. In 1962 2295 maps and plans as well as 1717 files in the form of a card index were listed. A mixed collection returned from the USA in April 1962 contained 15 volumes of RfR files, which were combined with the archival records in the main archive. In the course of the exchange of archival records in 1969, the Secret State Archives transferred to the Federal Archives not only the files but also the entire map section of the RfR, which was stored in Koblenz in 1971. On the basis of the first file indexing carried out in the Secret State Archives, the new indexing of the files began in 1987 in the Federal Archives under the inventory signature R 113. A first finding aid book for the approx. 2400 files has been available since 1990. The merger of Koblenz and Potsdam files in the Federal Archives in Berlin-Lichterfelde was completed in 1993. The latter, mainly newspaper clippings, printed publications, and annual and working reports, had been handed over to the German Central Archive in Potsdam by the Magdeburg State Archives in 1957 and by the Wittenberg District Council in 1963. During the database-supported recording of the stock a revision of file titles and classification took place, whereby based on the finding aid book from the year 1990 however it was renounced to sift each of the altogether more than 3000 file volumes again. The majority of series and tape sequences were archived. The map holdings held in Koblenz were not taken into account here. For data protection reasons, the personnel files available in portfolio R113 are not shown in the online find book. Requests in this respect should be addressed directly to the relevant Unit R 3. Characterisation of content: The general organisation and working methods of the Reich Office for Spatial Planning and its branches are documented in the files of the office administration and planning authorities. The traditions of the individual regional planning communities provide an insight into concrete tasks, procedures and areas of activity. The focus here is on documents relating to various economic sectors. The intention to incorporate scientific aspects of spatial research into regional economic and social structures is illustrated, among other things, by the files of the Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumforschung and the Deutsche Akademie für Städtebau. Ultimately, the collection contains material collections from the archive and the press office, most of which consist of newspaper clippings and printed matter. Supplementary records are the R 164 Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Raumordnung and the RfR map collection (R 113 Kart) in the Federal Archives in Koblenz. State of development: Findbuch (2013) Citation method: BArch, R 113/...
History of the Inventory Designer: Alfred Rosenberg, who had been one of Adolf Hitler's close collaborators since the beginnings of the National Socialist movement, united - especially since 1929/30 - a wealth of political offices and functions in his hand. In order to be able to carry out all the tasks assigned to him, Rosenberg, since his appointment as head of the Foreign Policy Office of the NSDAP (APA) in April 1933, made use of a private secretariat headed by Thilo von Trotha (b. 12.04.1909, d. 24.02.1938), who was also responsible for the North Division of the APA. In April 1934, by order of the Reich Treasurer, von Trothas, initially only volunteered for Rosenberg, was converted into a full-time regular employment relationship with Rosenberg as Reichsleiter of the NSDAP. As private secretary, he was responsible for processing all correspondence that Rosenberg had to conduct personally as head of the APA, but also as Reichsführer of the Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur (KfdK) and as main editor of the "Völkischer Beobachters" (VB). In January 1934, Rosenberg was appointed the Führer's representative for monitoring the entire spiritual and ideological training and education of the NSDAP. Probably because of this new expansion of his duties, on 26 April 1934 Rosenberg ordered the conversion of his private secretariat into a "Rosenberg Chancellery". It continued to be under the direction of Thilo von Trothas, but was now assigned a clearly defined scope of duties: From now on, the Rosenberg Chancellery was responsible for all correspondence conducted by Rosenberg himself within the scope of duties of the APA, the KfdK and other ideological offices as well as for the "NS-Monatshefte", the appointment calendar and the visit regulations of the Reichsleiter. The firm had its own "archive" whose task it was to collect information material and newspaper clippings about Rosenberg. The DBFU was one of the administrators. On 15 August 1937, Rosenberg appointed SA-Sturmbannführer Dr. Werner Koeppen (born 26.09.1910) as his aide. After the death of Trothas in February 1938, Koeppen took over the management of the office and retained it - with temporary interruptions due to military service - until 1945. In August 1941 he was appointed by Rosenberg as his personal adviser and worked for a time as a liaison officer in the Führer's headquarters. During his absence Amandus Langer, whom Rosenberg had appointed as his adjutant in 1941, represented him in the management of the office. Life data of Alfred Rosenberg born 12.01.1893 in Reval Study of architecture in Reval, then in Moscow since 1918 in Germany, 1923 as German naturalized 1919 NSDAP member 1921 with Dietrich Eckart Editor of the "Völkischer Beobachters" February 1923 Main editor of the "Völkischer Beobachters", since 1938 also editor 09.11.1923 Participation in the march to the Feldherrnhalle; during Hitler's captivity with the leadership of the "movement" commissioned 1929 Founder of the Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur 1930 Member of the Reichstag and representative of the NSDAP at the Auswärtigen Ausschuss des Reichstages since 1930 Publisher of the "NS-Monatshefte" 01.04.01.1933 Head of the NSDAP Foreign Policy Office, appointed Reichsleiter of the NSDAP 24.01.1934 Representative of the leader for the supervision of the entire intellectual and ideological training and education of the NSDAP 29.01.1940 commissioned with the preparation of the "High School" of the NSDAP 05.07./17.09.1940 Head of the task force Reichsleiter Rosenberg for the occupied Eastern territories 20.04.1941 Commissioner for the Central Processing of Issues in Eastern Europe 17.07.1941 Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories 16.10.1946 executed in Nuremberg (IMT ruling) Abbreviations APA Foreign Office of the NSDAP DAF German Labour Front DBFU The Führer's representative for the supervision of the entire intellectual and ideological training and education of the NSDAP ERR Operations Staff Reichsleiter Rosenberg HJ Hitlerjugend IMT International Military Tribunal KfdK Combat Alliance for German Culture NS National Socialist NSDAP National Socialist German Workers Party NSKG NS-Kulturgemeinde OKW Oberkommando der Wehrmacht PPK Party Official Examination Commission for the Protection of NS Writing RMbO Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories SA Storm Departments SD Security Service SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany VB Völkischer Beobachter Inventory Description: During the war, Rosenberg and almost all his offices remained in Berlin. Despite some losses during the heavy bombing raids in November 1943, most of the files of the Rosenberg office seem to have been preserved. The traditional Rosenberg documents (from the state and party areas) were brought to Nuremberg after the end of the war in order to be evaluated for the Allied trials against the war criminals. In the beginning, the documents that could be used as supporting documents were taken from the files, later they were left in them and were content with photocopies. The originals used are likely to be in Washington today, along with other trial documents. The documents collected in Nuremberg were evaluated by various foreign institutions for the creation of their own collections after the processes had been completed. The Centre de Documentation Juive Contemporaine (CDJC) in Paris is particularly worthy of mention here. Today, the "Collection Rosenberg" contains a collection of approximately 1,100 documents (mostly from the provenance office of Rosenberg, but also from other Rosenberg offices). Receipts for the individual documents taken from the CDJC are still in the files that have been transferred to the Federal Archives. Further records of Rosenberg's departments can be found at the Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdokumentatie (NIOD), Amsterdam, and at the Yivo-Institute for Jewish Research in New York. Books and journals from Rosenberg's departments are listed in the Hoover Institute and Library and in the Library of Congress. Documents from Rosenberg offices also reached archives of the former Soviet Union. An extensive collection (above all of the provenance ERR) is today kept in the Tsentral`nyi derzhavnyi arhiv vyshchykh orhaniv vlady ta upravlinnia Ukraïny (TsDAVO Ukraïny) in Kiev, further files (above all of the provenance foreign policy office) in the Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi voennyi arkhiv (RGVA) in Moscow. Most of the Rosenberg files collected in Nuremberg were brought to Alexandria/Va. and partly filmed there. In March 1963, this file complex, known as Record Group 1008/Reichsministerium für die besetzten Ostgebiete, was transferred from the USA to the Federal Archives in the course of the file repatriation, where it was divided into provenances in autumn 1963. The files from this return of files to the provenance of "Kanzlei Rosenberg" form the main part of the present collection. Some volumes were added which had been transferred to the Nuremberg State Archives and to the Federal Archives in 1955, as well as several volumes from various American file returns. Further additions were made by one volume each from the Central State Archive of the GDR (62 Ka 2/1) and from the so-called "NS Archive of the Ministry for State Security of the GDR" (ZA VI 6322). Archival processing The majority of the documents had been deposited in the Federal Archives in their original registry context. Individual documents, processes detached from their context as well as volumes in disorder had to be rearranged. The order and distortion corresponded to the original registry context. A complete reorganisation of the stock from a factual point of view would have facilitated its use, but did not appear to be justified from the point of view of labour economics. Only double copies were collected in the manuscript series. The preliminary finding aid for the stock was produced by Mrs. Köhne in 1966. Quotation NS 8/.............................................................. Characterisation of the contents: The collection of manuscripts and newspaper clippings provides a fairly comprehensive picture of Rosenberg's personality from about 1930 to 1945. Due to the fact that the Chancellery was responsible for almost all of Rosenberg's departments, the collection also contains essential supplementary material on the activities of the departments subordinated to Rosenberg; only the department of the Reich Ministry of the Occupied Eastern Territories, whose affairs Rosenberg had dealt with primarily by its ministerial office, is to be excluded. The filing of the documents took place largely in chronological series, at most separately into the areas VB, KfdK and APA, later also according to correspondence partners. A clear separation of the series from each other in terms of content and time is not discernible. State of development: Findbuch (1966/2005), Online-Findbuch (2004). Citation style: BArch, NS 8/...
1st On the history of the Central Department: The reorganization of the Württemberg military system, which was undertaken as a result of the Military Convention of 21/25 November 1870 with the help of Prussian officers and military officials since July 1871, also extended to the War Ministry. In August 1871, it was divided into the Central Bureau, the Military Department (with three sections) and the Economics Department (with five sections), following an earlier but only internally valid division and in analogy to the division of business by the Prussian War Ministry; a "provisional" division of business, actually valid for many years, at the same time determined the competences of these departments, which were later joined by other departments. The Centralbureau (abbreviated: CB. ), which before 1871 had a forerunner in the Chancellery Directorate, was subordinate to a chief who - until the end of the First World War - was at the same time an adjutant of the War Minister (see the lists of War Ministers and Heads of Departments drawn up without a more detailed study of the sources in Appendix I and II, p. XXV ff. of the German Constitution). ) According to the above-mentioned division of responsibilities, his portfolio included the following tasks:1. the personal affairs of officers, doctors and civil servants,2. the affairs of the honorary courts and military-political affairs,3. the affairs of orders and service awards,4. the affairs of the State-Ministerial,5. the affairs of the military and the military-political affairs. Presentation of those matters on which the War Minister himself intends to make the decision,6. personal correspondence of the Minister,7. editing of the Army Gazette,8. affairs of the daily press,8. from the very beginning the Central Bureau was responsible for the Chancellery, the Library and the Printing Works of the War Ministry. Some of the tasks which the Central Bureau had to perform after the division of responsibilities of the War Ministry, first reissued in January 1907, (such as the administration of the service building, the service equipment, and the office cash register of the War Ministry) may have been tacitly assigned to it, either from the outset, or gradually as a result of the original competencies. On the other hand, other changes in competence, which cannot be fully dealt with here, were reflected in the sources. Since November 1871 the powers of the Central Bureau for personal, honorary and religious matters of officers, doctors and civil servants were repeatedly restricted, until finally in April 1896 the military department became almost completely responsible for it. From November 1872 the head of the Central Bureau had to collect the documents of all departments of the War Ministry for the oral lecture of the War Minister to the King. When, in 1874, the Prussian model of keeping personal sheets and lists of troops was introduced, the Centralbureau had to keep and administer the copies of these documents that had reached the War Ministry. After the office of the Ministry under the Centralbureau had in fact been responsible for the so-called "old registry" of the War Ministry for a long time, the care for this was officially transferred to the Centralbureau in January 1885. Further smaller tasks were added in the years after the turn of the century: in 1902 the Centralbureau began to collect newspaper clippings about military affairs, and since April 1906 obituaries and death announcements of Württemberg officers were collected here; finally the Centralbureau, which was opened on August 1, 1906 or - It. MVBl. 1906, 8. 185 - on 12. 9. 1906 was renamed in "Zentral-Abteilung" (abbreviated: Z. ), in January 1907 by the new business division of the War Ministry for Monuments Affairs responsible. The tasks of the Central Department, which were only slightly changed by the new division of business, could thus be described as follows in the Court and State Manual of the Kingdom of Württemberg of 1907 pp. 64- f.: "The Central Department, whose head is also the adjutant of the War Minister, is responsible for the distribution of the entire enema to the departments, the forwarding of drafts and drafts to the War Minister, and the clearance of the enema. The Central Department deals with the rank and file lists, the patenting of the officers and medical officers, the management of the personnel sheets, the applications for the award of nobility and the examination of the nobility, the orders to be made at ceremonies, anniversaries, court and army mourning, etc., all matters concerning the course of business and the division of business of the War Ministry and, finally, the editing of the material part of the "Military Gazette". In March 1907 the Central Department also received the administration of the so-called "Memorandum Collection", i.e. the statements and elaborations prepared by the individual departments of the War Ministry for Consultations of the Bundesrat, the Reichstag and the Württemberg Landtag. The establishment of the War Archive in January 1907, which was subordinated to the Central Department and, although it had its own staff, was in fact administered entirely by it, gained greater importance. On the one hand, the Kriegsarchiv was to secure the archival documents of Württemberg's military provenance, thus prompting the Central Department to also deal with questions of cassation and preservation of such documents; on the other hand, it developed into an independent department during the World War 1914 - 1918, which the Central Department handed over the newspaper clipping collection in January 1916 and the administration of the library of the War Ministry in November 1916. While the World War 1914 - 1918 otherwise had no major impact on the organization and competencies of the Central Department, this changed towards and after the end of the war. In addition to the Central Department, which was the direct organ of the War Minister, in July 1918 the latter created another post which was directly subordinate to him, but which was assigned to the Central Department in organizational terms until October 1918. It was named after its director, Lieutenant Colonel Hummel, "Dienststelle H " and was commissioned by the Minister of War "to collect and inspect for me all documents which I need to communicate with the legislative bodies or individual members thereof. For this purpose, H shall address directly the competent departments of the Ministry of War or other relevant departments, etc.". On 7"10. 1918 it was completely dissolved by the Central Department and made independent under the name "Ministerial Department" (abbreviated: M). As the originally intended designation "Press and Secret Department" (abbreviated: P.G. ) suggests, it was primarily concerned with questions of "enlightenment" of the civilian population, war propaganda, the press, censorship and the fight against rumours. As early as January 1919, the ministerial department was absorbed into the war archive. The establishment and independence of the ministerial department obviously had as little effect on the organization and tasks of the central department as its renaming into the "main office" (abbreviated: H. ) between 18 and 25 November 1918 and the turmoil to which the War Ministry was exposed after the November Revolution of 1918. On the other hand, they were drastically changed by the reorganization decreed by the War Minister Herrmann on 14 March 1919. The main office was dissolved and established in its place: 1. the ministerial office (MB), 2. the main office (HK), 3. the print regulations administration (Dv) and the office cash register (BK), 4. the main registry (HR). While the tasks of the last three departments, which were subordinated to the Deputy Minister of War, Hauptmann (since March 15, 1919: Undersecretary of State) Krais, essentially resulted from their designations, the Ministerial Office directly subordinated to the Minister of War was in charge of marking the entire entrance, handling special assignments and personal correspondence of the Minister of War, and registering and dispatching visitors of the Minister. The processing of affairs of the National Assembly and the Württemberg State Parliament was completely abandoned, and instead of the previous main office, the "Reconnaissance and Press Office of the War Ministry", newly created in February 1919, was now responsible for them. After the resignation of the War Minister Herrmann (on 28. 6. 1919) and his deputy Krais, who had been frequently and fiercely opposed by military circles in particular, this division was reversed as early as 7*7. 1919: the ministerial office was dissolved and its personnel taken over into the "Central Department" (abbreviated: Z. ), newly formed from the other departments (HK, HR, BK), whose competencies were not described in more detail, but which was probably essentially given the previous tasks of these departments. Nothing seems to have changed when the Württemberg War Ministry had the tasks and the designation of a "Reichswehrbefehlsstelle Württemberg" from 28 August 1919 to 30 September 1919, converted from 1 October 1919 to the "Abwicklungsamt des früheren Württembergischen Kriegsministeriums" and as such united with the "Abwicklungsamt des früheren XIII. A. K." to the "Heersabwicklungsamt Württemberg". The reorganisation entailed a change in the registered office. This was originally located in the building of the War Ministry, Charlottenstr. 6, then since June 1914- in the new office building of the War Ministry, Olgastr. 13; in October 1919 the liquidation office of the War Ministry was moved into the office building of the former Commanding General, Kriegsbergstr. 13. 32, from where the Central Department or Department K (see below) in connection with the reorganization of the Army Processing Office Württemberg probably moved in September 1920 to the former secondary artillery depot in Gutenbergstr. 111. As far as the sources show, the Central Department survived these external changes essentially unchanged "however, as a result of the handling of the army, in particular the reorganization of October 1919, it increasingly lost tasks. Together with the Departments A, R, W, ZV, Auskunft and Kr. A. of the Processing Office of the former Württemberg War Ministry, it was therefore united in August 1920 to the Department K (i.e. War Ministry) of the Army Processing Office Württemberg. However, organisational changes in the following month further reduced this Department K, so that from 1 October 1920 it consisted essentially of the former Central Department again. However, its only tasks were now to process the "remaining receipts of the former War Ministry", to forward them to the competent authorities, to apply for support and to handle all employee matters of the Army Processing Office Württemberg. In addition, the subdivision W (weapons department) was subordinated to it, while the office cash register was transferred to the cash register of the Army Processing Office Württemberg as of September 20, 1920, and the war archive united with the department K in August and October 1920 was affiliated to the Reichsarchiv branch in Stuttgart in December 1920. With the dissolution of the Army Processing Office Württemberg on 31. 3. 1921 finally also the department K found its end. 2. the history and order of the holdings: When the War Ministry was reorganized in July 1871, its chancellery was converted to the new conditions by November 1871 with the help of a registrar from the Prussian War Ministry. The previously currrent files were closed except for a few fascicles, which can also be found in the present holdings (Büschel 4, 6-9, 16, 17, 66 - 68, 88, 118, 475); the individual departments of the War Ministry received new, systematic "file plans with associated repertories", and, as with the troops and the remaining military administration, the Prussian file stapling, which was not usual in Württemberg, was introduced instead of the previous loose file filing.§ 4 of the organizational regulations of the War Ministry of 16. 8. 1871 determined: "The registry of the War Ministry is a uniform one, but it is to be formed in such a way that each department has its own files and is at the disposal of the same for the keeping of the journal, for the procurement of the procedures, for the completion of the files etc. 1 registrar official". For the Central Department, as for the other departments of the Ministry, this meant that, as competences increased, the department's file plan was supplemented by newly created files or by files taken over from other departments and appropriately re-signed, while the loss of competences entailed the transfer of files to other departments. Accordingly, the majority of the files of the Zen-tral Department concerning personal, honorary court and order matters of officers, military doctors and civil servants were mainly transferred to the registry of the Military Department (today stock M 1/4 and from there partly to the registry of the Department for Personal Affairs newly formed in 1917 (today stock M 1/5), while pure personnel files today were transferred to the stocks M 430/1 (personnel files I), M 430/2 (personnel files II) and M 430/5 (personnel files V) in the stocks M 430/1 (personnel files I), M 430/2 (personnel files II) and M 430/5 (personnel files V). A special group within the departmental registry were the files kept by the head of the central department as an adjutant of the Minister of War. They were usually marked with the suffix "A" (=djutantur) or "Secret" and mainly comprised secret and personnel files, so-called "officer registries". Among them were the secret files Büschel 47, 199 and 469, the tufts 172, 173, 189-191, 193-196, 199, 200, 202, 203, 207-458, 468 and 469 of the present holdings marked with "A" as well as the entire holdings M 1/2 (special files of the Minister of War and his adjutant), the formation and separation of which from the remaining documents of the Central Department probably mainly goes back to the army archive Stuttgart. While the files were essentially classified in the systematic file plan of the Central Department, there were also special registries and special file groups of the Central Department that were not included in this plan. In the first place, these included the Allerhöchste Ordres, which decided on the application lists (Büschel 209-458) presented to the king by the Minister of War; from 1 January 1873 they were kept in a special registry and today form the holdings M 1/1(Allerhöchste Ordres). The copies of the personnel sheets of officers, military doctors and military officials introduced in 1874 and destined for the War Ministry were also kept as special registries; today they are classified - together with the above-mentioned personnel files - in the holdings M 430/1, M 430/2 M 430/3 and 430/5. In addition, the systematic file plan did not include the lists of troop units (today stock M 1/11), which were also introduced in 1874, the collections of newspaper cuttings (today stock M 730), the so-called necrologist (today stock M 744) and the so-called memorials (today stock M 731). Finally, the so-called "war files" were also treated as special groups, i.e. those files which grew during the World War 1914 - 1918 in addition to the other, continued registry files and which concern especially the matters of warfare and its effects on the homeland; only a small part of them has survived and, moreover, some of them are in fonds M 1/11 (Kriegsarchiv). It is very probable that the Central Department kept the two war rolls with their corresponding lists of names, which are now classified as M 457 (war rolls of the War Ministry, Höchster Kommandobehörden, etc.) Until the outbreak of war in August 1914, the registry, apart from the effects of the various changes in competence, had essentially existed as it had been set up in 1871. On the other hand, changes began with the outbreak of war, which intensified especially towards and after the end of the war and finally led to the complete redesign of the registry. As early as August 1914, a new, additional war business diary was begun, which continued to run until November 1914 and then became the department's sole journal. At the same time, the creation of so-called war files began, which no longer contained signatures but were marked in the business diaries only with abbreviated file titles. The dissolution of the uniformity and the internal and external order of the registry began with this, but the development intensified towards and after the end of the war. It was favoured by the increase in the volume of business, by the increasing fluctuation of the less and less trained office staff, by the decreasing paper quality, by the renunciation of file stitching, possibly by the twofold relocation of the office after the end of the war and above all by the repeated organisational changes. The latter began with the establishment of Office H, which separated itself from the registry of the Central Department since it became independent as the "Ministerial Department" in October 1918, created its own journal, filed its files in folders, and no longer arranged these files systematically but only numerically and signed them accordingly. In addition, when the central department was renamed "head office", some of the previous files were no longer maintained and new files were created for them. This was repeated more frequently in March 1919, when the main office was divided into the departments ministerial office, main office, administration of printing regulations and office cash as well as main registry. Again, some of the previous files have been discontinued. Other parts of the registry, however, continued to grow at the main office and registry, the files of which appear to have been kept jointly, and at the ministerial office. Like the main office and the main registry, this office also created new files that received signatures without a system in numerical order only. The reunification of these departments into the Central Department in July 1919, the transformation of the War Ministry into the Winding-up Office of the former War Ministry in October 1919, and the formation of Department K of the Army Winding-up Office in Württemberg in October 1920 all followed the same procedure. The fact that one was able to find one's way around the registry, although it became more and more confusing, was certainly also due to the fact that as the Württemberg army progressed, older files became less and less needed and the volume of business became smaller and smaller. When the Heeresabwicklungsamt Württemberg was completely dissolved on 31. 3. 1921, the entire registry of the Central Department or its successor offices was immediately transferred to the Reichsarchiv branch in Stuttgart, which was housed in the same office building. In 1937 the remaining holdings were transferred to the Heeresarchiv Stuttgart and in 194-5 to the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart. In its present form, the holdings comprise M 1/3 written records that have grown up at the Centralbureau and its successor offices, including Department K of the Army Administration Office Württemberg. Although it would have made sense to assign the files of this Section K to the holdings M 390 (Heeresabwicklungsamt Württemberg) as well, analogous to the holdings of the other departments of the War Ministry, which also contain files continued at the Heeresabwicklungsamt Württemberg, they were, however, left with the existing holdings. Apart from the fact that some of the material has been transferred to other M stands mentioned above and has now been left there, some extensive cassations were probably carried out in earlier years. The loss of business diaries from before 1910, which were collected at an unknown time, should be highlighted. After the turmoil of the November Revolution of 1918 had apparently passed without any loss of documents for the central department, the greater part of the so-called war files was probably handed over to the garrison administration in Stuttgart in September 1919 and probably destroyed there. Large-scale cassations, on which Büschel 107 of the holdings (with details of the respective file signatures) provides information, were carried out - probably in 1932 - by the Stuttgart branch of the Reich Archives when the holdings were recorded; in the process, some files were lost which would today be preserved as worthy of archiving. Some worthless files - above all cash documents of the office cash (0, 5 running m) - were cashed with the current distortion. In accordance with the provenance principle, some fascicles which had previously formed part of the holdings have now also been assigned to the holdings M 1/4 and M 660 (estate of the Minister of War v. Marchtaler); the holdings M 390 were assigned those files which had not grown up in the Central Department or Department K of this authority. Against better knowledge, the Heeresarchiv Stuttgart had added 50 books to the holdings as appendices, which it had received in 1938 from the so-called war collection of the former court library of Stuttgart. These books had been published during the World War 1914-1918, placed under censorship and probably destroyed in their remaining edition. Since the relevant files, to which they belong as annexes, are kept in fonds M 77/1 (Deputy General Command XIII. A. K. ), they were now added to this fonds; their index, which was attached to the previously valid repertory of the present fonds, was added to the repertory M 77/1. Conversely, fonds M 1/3 now contains some archival records which were previously kept in other fonds. The tufts 90, 102, 104, 110, 176, 586 - 589 and 591 were taken over from inventory E 271 (War Ministry), volumes 25, 26 and 94- from inventory E 279 (registration books of the highest military authorities), tufts 204 from inventory M 4-00/2 (Heeresarchiv Stuttgart - Abteilung Zentralnachweisamt), tufts 512 from inventory M 430/2 as well as 109 from the unsigned inventory "Aufbau und Organisation" tufts of the present inventory.At an unknown time, but presumably soon after their transfer to the archive, the files of the Central Department were recorded in the Reichsarchiv branch in Stuttgart. This was done by resorting to a summary list of the files available in the systematic records registry, which was probably drawn up in the Central Department after the outbreak of war, and which was not quite accurately referred to as "peace files". This list (Büschel 107) lists the files in sequence of their signatures and with short titles and is more complete than a similar list (Büschel 55) created by the former War Ministry's Winding-up Office. The list of peace records (Büschel 107) was initially supplemented in the Reichsarchiv branch by equally summary lists of the business diaries and the records of the ministerial department, the ministerial office and the office box office. It was only later, probably in 1932, that information about the duration, cassations carried out and package counting, which had only just been introduced, was added and the revised finding aid was written in 1932. Although this repertory, supplemented by later supplements, could not satisfy much, it was still in use. With the current new indexing and order of the stock M 1/3 it was tried to do justice to the numerous organizational changes reflected in the file formation. The largest part of the collection is made up of files grown up between 1871 and 1918. They are arranged according to the signatures of the old, systematic file plan, which, however, has not yet been found, but could only be reconstructed on the basis of these signatures. With the exception of the business diaries and the so-called war records, several unsigned items have also been placed in this plan in a suitable place. Corrections to the plan were necessary in individual lallen identified by references. Reference is also made at the appropriate points in the file plan to files which were continued after November 1918 at the head office or another successor department of the central department and which therefore had to be assigned to another file group of the present stock, as well as to files of the central department which are kept in the stocks M 1/4, M 1/5 and M 390. On the other hand, reference can only be made here in general to the records of the Central Department in the aforementioned inventories M 1/1, M 1/2, M 1/11, M 430/1, M 430/2, M 430/3, M 430/5, M 457, M 730 and M 731. Because of the unclear separation of the registries, a divorce of the files that had grown up after October 1918, March 1919, July 1919, October 1919, and October 1920 respectively in the main office, ministerial office, main office, main registry, central department, and department K would only have been possible very imperfectly and would not have been profitable for the use of the repertory. These documents could therefore only be divorced into two groups justified by the history of the authorities, which, if necessary, were interlinked by references: in files which were current until October 1919, and in files which were continued or newly created after that date; as far as possible, the first group was based on the file regulations of the ministerial office, while the structure of the second group had to be completely revised. The files of the cash office and the ministerial department, which were merely affiliated to the central department or separated from it as independent departments, form separate groups; these files were not or only loosely connected to the registry of the central department. None of these file groups were able to classify the hand files of officers and officials of the Central Department; they were therefore combined into a separate file group. By the end of 1918, all files of the holdings had generally grown up in the registry of the Central Department. Therefore, provenance data were only necessary for the title recordings for files which deviated from this rule and which grew up after October/November 1918; unless otherwise stated, only departments of the War Ministry could be considered as provenances until the establishment of the Reichswehr Command Post Württemberg in August 1919. the holdings were recorded by Oberstaatsarchivrat Dr. Fischer in the summer of 1971 - after preparatory work by the contractual employee Westenfelder; however, only since spring 1975 was it possible for him to revise the title recordings and complete the repertory. The collection comprises 27 volumes (1 m running) and 602 tufts (13 m running). Stuttgart, September 1975Fischer 3rd Appendix I: Minister of War or head of the War Ministry and its settlement office after 1870: 23.3.1870 - 13.9-1874Albert v. Suckow, General of the Infantry, Minister of War (23-3.1870 head of the War Department; 19.7.1870 Minister of War)13.9.1874 - 22.7.1883Theodor v. Wundt, Lieutenant General , War Minister (13.9.1874 in charge of the War Ministry; 5.3.1875 Head of Department; 14.6.1879 War Minister)28.7.1883 - 10.5.1892Gustav v. Steinheil, General der Infanterie "War Minister (28.7-1883 Head of Department; 28.2.1885 War Minister)10.5.1892 - 13.4.1901Max Freiherr Schott v. Schottenstein, General of the Infantry, War Minister13.4.1901 - 10.6.1906Albert v. Schnürlen, General of the Infantry, War Minister10.3.1906 - 8.11.1918Otto v. Marchtaler, Colonel General, War Minister9.11.1918 - 15.11.1918Carpenter, Deputy Officer, Head of Warfare16.11.1918 - 14.1.1919Ulrich Fischer, Deputy Sergeant, Head of Warfare15.1.1919 - 28.6.1919Immanuel Herrmann, Lieutenant of the Landwehr II and Professor at the Technical University of Stuttgart, War Minister30.6.1919 - 28.8.1919Erich Wöllwarth, Lieutenant Colonel, in charge of the War Ministry28.8.1919 - 30.9.1919Erich Wöllwarth, Lieutenant Colonel, Chief of the Reichswehr Command Post1.10.1919 - 31.3.1921Erich Scupin, Major, Chief of the Processing Office of the former Württemberg War Ministry or (since 1.10.1920) of Department K of the Army Processing Office Württemberg 4. Appendix; II: Heads of the Central Department: 28.3.1870 - 30.12.1872Gustav v. Steinheil, Major30.12.1872 - 25.9-1874Reinhard v. Fischer, Hauptmann23c 9.1874 - 26.9.1879Karl Freiherr v. Reitzenstein, Lieutenant Colonel or Captain30.9.1879 - 9.10.1899Paul v. Bilfinger, Captain or Major9.10.1889 - 19.3.1896Albert v. Funk, Major resp. Lieutenant Colonel19.3.1896 - 24.2.1899Gustav v. Steinhardt, Hauptmann24.2.1899 - 18.7.1902Heinrich v. Maur, Hauptmann18.7.1902 - 18.8.1903Ernst v. Schroeder, Hauptmann18.8.1903 - 19.11.1909Hermann v. Haldenwang, Hauptmann resp. Major19.11.1909 - 21.4.1911Max Holland, Hauptmann resp. Major21c 4.1911 - 25.2.1914Richard v. Haldenwang, Major22.4.1914 - 28.3.1915Wilhelm Freiherr v. Neurath, Captain or Major28.3.1913 - 10.6.1918August Graf v. Reischach, Major11.6.1918 - 27.3.1919Erwin Tritschler, Major 5. Special preliminary remark for classification point D: In addition to its main registry, the Central Department of the Ministry of War kept a number of special registries and collections. These included the Allerhöchsten königlichen Ordres and the special files of the War Minister and his adjutant, i.e. today's stocks M 1/1 and M 1/2, then the rankings and the personal sheets of the officers, since 1906 a collection of necrologists, the 1874 established regulars of the troops, the general collection of printing regulations, the collection of newspaper clippings kept since 1902, and the collection of memoranda established in 1907. The Imperial Archives branch and the Army Archives combined the personal documents with other, comparable material from today's holdings M 430 - M 433 and continued the necrologist, now holdings M 744, and the printing regulations, now holdings M 635/1, as archival collections. Only the self-contained or reconstructed series of the lists of collectors, memorandums and newspaper cuttings could be integrated into the holdings of the Central Department in accordance with the provenance (1). These should each include "the entire period of the unit from the year of foundation" and be supplemented annually by November 1 with regard to "garrison and changes thereof, supplementation, uniform and armament, as well as changes thereto, trunk and formation changes, campaigns and battles, awards, chiefs, commanders". The central department of the Ministry then collected its own notes, incoming reports, printed matter, etc. in folders created separately for each unit, which, carefully managed, soon developed into an excellent source of information on the aforementioned areas until the information was broken off in 1912. At an indefinite time, the lists were bound and assigned to the later holdings of M 1/11 Kriegsarchiv, which was reorganized in 1985 and removed again and inserted here. By order of the War Ministry of March 9, 1907, the departments of the Ministry had to take up such military matters that might be discussed in the Bundesrat, the Reichstag, or the Landtag, and to submit corresponding elaborations together with relevant printed matter, journal articles, etc. The Ministry's departments were also responsible for the preparation of the lists. After the individual cases had been concluded, the central department kept these so-called memorandums of understanding so that they could be sent back quarterly to the responsible departments for updating. The portfolios were sorted and counted according to the alphabet of the keywords; in 1911 the keywords and the subsequent numbering were renewed and compiled in a printed directory (see Annex). Some of the tufts also included events from earlier years until, after the outbreak of war in 1914, the collection was only continued in individual cases and finally handed over to the War Archive Department of the Ministry at the beginning of 1919. But none of these measures has ever covered the whole stock, nor has it been fully preserved or restored. After a number of tufts had been mixed together in the army archives, while others had been separated and newly compiled, the numbers 15 (or 16), 19, 26, 49, 51, 56, 79, 80, 93, and 113 of the Order of the Year 1911 are now missing. In 1939/50, government inspector Alfons Beiermeister united the present material with further general printed memoranda, among others, which had arisen during file excretions, to the later holdings M 730 "memoranda". When it was dissolved in 1985, the memorandums of the central department could be reintegrated according to the provenance. Since 1902, the Central Department for the Military Administration had been collecting important news from several daily newspapers, which differed according to their attitude and orientation, such as Berliner Tagblatt, Frankfurter Zeitung, Der Beobachter, Deutsches Volksblatt, Schwäbischer Merkur, Schwäbische Tagwacht, Stuttgarter Neues Tagblatt, Württemberger Zeitung, etc. The excerpts were pasted in chronological order into subsequently bound issues, most of which were accompanied by a detailed table of contents. After the collecting activity had been interrupted in 1913 with a special volume on the occasion of the government anniversary of Kaiser Wilhelm II, it was resumed at the beginning of the war in 1914 in a considerably expanded framework: In addition to excerpts from official decrees published in the State Gazette, there were now series on topics such as "Theatre of War", "Parliament", "War Nursing". At the beginning of 1916, however, this collection was transferred to the War Archive Department of the Ministry and then continued there. However, the group "Statements of the Political Parties on the War", which was mainly composed of party newspapers and was also originally to be published, initially remained with the Central Department, which also opened a new group "Omissions of the Press on Civilian Service" towards the end of 1916. In July 1918, the remaining thematic collection - i.e. without the aforementioned extracts from official decrees - was to be transferred to the newly created "Dienststelle H", the later "Ministerialabteilung", abbreviated to M, of the Ministry. The extent to which this was achieved must be left open, as the collection was not continued in either of the two departments in its previous form. Kurt Hiller, retired Colonel of the Archives, combined all the relevant documents from the War Ministry with further newspapers, excerpts, memoranda, etc. from the "Zeitungsausschnittsammlung des Württembergischen Kriegsministeriums" (newspaper excerpt collection of the Württemberg War Ministry), later to become M 731, in the Army Archives with further documents dating back to 1938, and created a tape repertory of them, which remained unfinished around 1940. When this stock was divided up in 1985, the newspaper clippings, which had been selected by the central department and not, as mentioned, handed over to the war archives in 1916, were once again classified in the stock of the central department. 1974 already, the work contract employee of Westerfelder recorded the lists of the regulars, in spring 1985, the archive employee Werner Urban recorded the memoranda; in addition, he produced the associated index of places, persons and subjects. For the newspaper clippings, the title recordings of the finding aid book of 1940 were taken over to a large extent, for the place, person and subject index arranged again by Werner Urban in addition the 1950 to the fonds M 731 of Beiermeister created register was also used. The selection of keywords contained in the title recordings as well as in Beiermeister's indexes is limited and could be supplemented on the basis of the above-mentioned tables of contents for the individual volumes, but such, in itself desirable, extensive expansion has been postponed for the time being.The lists of collectors, memorandums and newspaper clippings of the Central Department of the Ministry of War now include the volumes and tufts 603 - 821 in 3.3 meters of shelves. Stuttgart, October 1985(Cordes)(1) In this respect the information in volume 1 of the Repertory, p. XVIII, must now be corrected.
1st biographies: The GU 119 holdings essentially comprise documents from the estate of the Wiltrud Princess of Bavaria, Duchess of Urach. The collection also includes partial estates and fragments of estates of relatives of Princess Wiltrud, especially from the House of Bavaria (Wittelsbach). Specifically, these are the estate documents of the parents of Princess Wiltrud, King Ludwig III and Queen Marie Therese of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria-Este Princess Modena), Aunt Wiltrud, Princess Therese of Bavaria, and the grandparents of Wiltrud, Luitpold Prinzregent and Auguste Ferdinande Princess of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany). In the following, the biographies of the personalities represented in the GU 119 inventory, of whom there are partial estates, are briefly discussed. 1.1 Wiltrud Duchess of Urach (née Princess of Bavaria)Wiltrud Marie Alix Princess of Bavaria was born on 10 November 1884 in Munich as the tenth of thirteen children of Ludwig Prince of Bavaria, later Prince Regent and King Ludwig III of Bavaria, and Marie Therese Princess of Bavaria. Only a few documents on the childhood and youth of Princess Wiltrud can be found in the present inventory (subcategory 1.1.1), so that only little information can be given about this period. Accordingly, Princess Wiltrud and her siblings were taught by house teachers. The mother Princess Marie Therese also took care of the upbringing of the children and until Prince Ludwig took office she had hardly any representative duties to fulfil. Prince Ludwig's family lived mainly in Schloss Leutstetten near Lake Starnberg. A large estate belonged to Leutstetten Castle, which belonged to Prince Ludwig's private estate and which he developed into an agricultural model estate. When Prince Ludwig succeeded Prince Regent Luitpold after the death of his father Prince Regent Luitpold in 1912, his wife Princess Marie Therese and his daughter Princess Wiltrud also had to take on more and more representative tasks, about which the information in the present holdings in the category 1.During the First World War Princess Wiltrud supported her mother in her extensive charitable activities. Together with her mother, her sisters and their court ladies she packed gift packages (so-called "Liebesgaben") for the Bavarian soldiers, non-commissioned officers and officers at the front, in which ham, chocolate, canned goods and partly also laundry were packed (cf. subcategories 1.9.1 and 1.9.2). Friends of the royal family from Sárvár (Hungary), where Queen Marie Therese owned a large estate, and from Sulden (South Tyrol), where the royal family often went on mountain tours, also benefited from these gift packages. The recipients of these coveted "gifts of love" often thanked Princess Wiltrud with field letters, sometimes extensive reports on war events and photographs of the front and the occupied territories. These partly quite descriptive materials have been preserved in subcategories 1.9.2 and 1.9.3 of the present inventory. In addition, Princess Wiltrud and her mother visited hospitals and hospitals and gave comfort to the soldiers and officers of the Bavarian army who were lying there. Finally, Princess Wiltrud also worked temporarily in the "war sewing room" set up by her mother in the Nibelungensälen of the Munich Residenz, where 600 to 800 seamstresses and knitters worked. The "Kriegsnähstube" provided the Bavarian troops moving into the field with laundry quickly and unbureaucratically. When in November 1918 the social democratic politician Kurt Eisner proclaimed the republic in Munich, the royal family left Munich and initially withdrew to Schloss Wildenwart. The end of the monarchy in Bavaria was a decisive turning point for Princess Wiltrud and the other members of the House of Bavaria. Princess Wiltrud, like all representatives of the German princely houses, lost her privileges. Princess Wiltrud first lived at Wildenwart Castle until her marriage and on 25 November 1924 Wiltrud Princess of Bavaria married Wilhelm (II) Duke of Urach in Munich. On the following day the church wedding took place, also in Munich. The marriage remained childless. After her marriage, Duchess Wiltrud lived alternately at Schloss Lichtenstein and Palais Urach in Stuttgart. When her husband died in 1928, Duchess Wiltrud also took over the care of the youngest children of Wilhelm (II.) Duke of Urach from his marriage to Amalie Herzogin von Urach (née Duchess of Bavaria). In the 1930s, Duchess Wiltrud moved to the former royal hunting lodge in Oberstdorf, which she had inherited from her father's estate and which she had renovated especially for this purpose. At times Duchess Wiltrud also visited Schloss Lichtenstein and Schloss Wildenwart. Duchess Wiltrud showed an interest in music, fine arts, history and botany, which can be seen in the printed matter and materials preserved in this collection. In addition, she undertook several voyages, including a longer voyage by ship on the "Monte Rosa" in 1935 to Brazil, Senegal and Morocco. From 1901 to 1903 she travelled the Balkans with her mother and younger sisters. During this time she also made a boat trip on the Adriatic with her mother, her younger sisters and Karl Stephan Archduke of Austria, about which she also wrote a travel diary, which was published in excerpts in a magazine. A copy of this journal can be found in Bü 719. She also wrote articles about a trip to the Arlberg (Austria) in magazines (Bü 719). In addition, she frequently travelled to visit her stepchildren, her siblings and their families, and the other relatives, which is not least reflected in the extensive correspondence preserved in this collection. In addition to the aforementioned travel descriptions, Duchess Wiltrud also published poems in magazines and calendars under her name (Bü 842). Like many members of the House of Bavaria, Duchess Wiltrud was deeply religious and had received a strictly Catholic education. The Duchess also maintained close contact with Catholic clergy and nuns, as can be seen from her correspondence with them (especially Bü 249 and 250). Not least the memberships of Duchess Wiltrud in religious associations, brotherhoods and congregations, which are documented in Bü 731, and the multitude of religious publications and the collection of material in the sub-categories 1.11.1 and 1.18.3 bear witness to the religiousness of the Duchess.Wiltrud Princess of Bavaria died on 28 March 1975 in Oberstdorf. She was buried in the cemetery of Großengstingen near Reutlingen. 1.2 Therese Princess of BavariaTherese Charlotte Marianne Auguste Princess of Bavaria was born on 12 November 1850 as the third of four children and sole daughter of Luitpold Prince of Bavaria, later to become Prince Regent of Bavaria, and Auguste Ferdinande Princess of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany).Together with her brothers Ludwig, who was later to rule Bavaria as Prince Regent and King Ludwig III, Leopold and Arnulf, she was taught by her mother and not by house teachers, as was customary in princely houses at the time. As an adult, she spoke twelve languages. In addition to her talent for languages, the princess developed a keen interest in the natural sciences and the geography and culture of foreign countries at an early age. Since she was denied university studies as a woman, Princess Therese acquired her extensive scientific knowledge through self-study. The princess acquired considerable expertise in geography, ethnology, botany and zoology - especially ornithology (ornithology) - and Princess Therese began her extensive travels as a young woman. Together with her brother Prince Leopold and his wife Gisela Princess of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria) she travelled North Africa, Spain, Portugal and France. Princess Therese almost always travelled incognito, often under the name of a "Countess Elpen", and with a small entourage. In 1898 she undertook an expedition of several months to South America, from which she brought a rich collection of zoological, botanical and ethnological material, including over 200 species of fish. These collections were later bequeathed to the Zoologische Staatssammlung München and the Münchner Völkerkundemuseum. Unfortunately, the collections were almost completely destroyed during the Second World War. Princess Therese discovered on her travels also previously unknown animal species, such as the catfish in Colombia, a longhorn beetle in Ecuador and a singing chirp in Trinidad. On her travels to South America, she also explored several Indian tribes in the Amazon region that were unknown to date in European scientific circles. In 1893 Princess Therese travelled North America, where she was particularly interested in the Plains Indians. In addition to ethnological and zoological studies, the princess also conducted botanical studies on her travels. The plants discovered by her in the process found their way into botanical literature with the addition of the name "theresiae". Princess Therese published scientific treatises and travelogues about her numerous journeys: In 1880 the article "A trip to Tunis" about her trip to North Africa was published. The experiences of her trip to Russia were included in the treatise "Travel Impressions and Sketches from Russia", which was published in 1895. The impressions of Princess Therese's travels to Central and South America were processed in the publications "On Mexican Lakes", "My Trip to the Brazilian Tropics", "On the Purpose and Editions of My Trip to South America in 1898", "Writings on a Trip to South America", "On a Trip to the West Indies and South America", "Some Words on Cultural Development in Pre-Spanish Peru" and "Travel Studies from Western South America", published between 1895 and 1908. About the Pueblo Indians she wrote in 1902 the essay "Einiges über die Pueblo-Indianer". Princess Therese published her first essays on her travels under the pseudonym "Th of Bavaria" in order to prevent her a priori being denied recognition as a woman by male experts. In addition to these publications, Princess Therese also documented her travels with the help of the then newly invented roll-film camera, of which only the most important were given to Princess Therese in the course of her life: On December 9, 1897, the princess was the first woman to receive an honorary doctorate from the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Munich "for her excellent knowledge of the natural sciences, proven by excellent books" ("propter insignem rerum naturalium scientiam praeclaris libris comprobatam"). In 1892 she became an honorary member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and the Geographic Society in Munich. In 1897 Princess Therese became a corresponding member of the Geographic Society in Lisbon and in 1898 an honorary member of the Geographic Society in Vienna. In 1908 Princess Therese received the Austro-Hungarian Medal of Honor for Science and Art. One year later she was awarded the title of "Officier de l'Instruction publique" by the French Ministry of Education. At the same time, Princess Therese became an honorary member of the Société des Américanistes de Paris, and after the death of her father, Prince Regent Luitpold, the Princess gave up her long journeys and dedicated herself to charitable and social projects and institutions for which she took over the protectorate. At the beginning of the First World War, she set up a hospital for the wounded in her "Villa Amsee" in Lindau. Pictures of this military hospital are available in Bü 986 and 1166 of this collection. Princess Therese, who was abbess of the Damenstift St. Anna in Munich, remained unmarried throughout her life. According to the relevant specialist literature, the princess fell in love at a young age with her cousin Prince Otto, who later became Otto König von Bayern, but who suffered from a mental illness and was therefore out of the question for marriage. Still in later years Princess Therese was interested in the state of health of her cousin King Otto, as the correspondence with Philipp Freiherr von Redwitz and Georg Freiherr von Stengel, the court marshals of King Otto, which is preserved in this collection, proves about the state of health of the king (subcategory 2.1.1.2, Bü 1105, 1107 and 1149). Princess Therese died on 19 September 1925 in Munich. She was buried in the Theatinerkirche in Munich. Princess Therese is remembered in Bavaria today by the "Therese-von-Bayern-Stiftung", founded in 1997 to promote women in science. The foundation supports habilitations and scientific projects of young academics and regularly awards the "Therese-von-Bayern-Preis". In 1997 a television documentary entitled "Princess Therese of Bavaria - Researcher, Collector, World Traveler" about the Princess was produced. Furthermore, in the same year H. Bußmann and E. Neukum-Fichtner the publication ""Ich bleiben ein Wesen eigener Art" - Princess Therese of Bavaria. Ludwig III, King of Bavaria-Ludwig Prince of Bavaria, the later King Ludwig III, was born in Munich on 7 January 1845 as the son of Luitpold Prince of Bavaria, the later Prince Regent, and Auguste Ferdinande Princess of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany), who was educated by house teachers, including the clergyman Karl Rinecker. From 1864 to 1865, the Prince studied philosophy, history, law, economics and art history at the University of Munich, without however obtaining a degree in the individual subjects. In the war of 1866 Ludwig served as lieutenant and orderly officer of his father Prince Luitpold. As the son of a subsequent prince, Prince Ludwig initially had no prospect of the Bavarian royal crown, since it passed to King Ludwig II and King Otto, the sons of Ludwig's uncle King Maximilian II and thus cousins of Prince Ludwig. Instead, however, Ludwig was entitled to the Greek royal throne because Ludwig's uncle Otto had no descendants. However, when King Otto had to leave Greece in 1862 due to a military revolt, Ludwig lost his prospects for the Greek royal throne, and on 20 February 1868 Prince Louis of Bavaria Marie Therese married Archduchess of Austria-Este Princess of Modena in Vienna. Prince Ludwig showed great interest in agriculture, veterinary medicine and technology. In 1868 he became Honorary President of the Central Committee of the Agricultural Association of Bavaria. The Leutstetten estate on Lake Starnberg, which he acquired in 1875, was converted by Ludwig into a model agricultural estate, which earned him the nickname "Millibauer" among the population. Finally, Prince Ludwig supported the expansion of the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal and the Bavarian Canal Association. Prince Ludwig was politically active in the Catholic Conservative Patriotic Party, the later Centre Party, for which he ran unsuccessfully in the 1871 Reichstag elections. In addition, the Prince was a member of the Reich Council, where he stood up for Bavarian interests and emphasized the interests of the individual states vis-à-vis the Reich. In the Imperial Council, Prince Ludwig also spoke out in favour of direct relative majority voting, which earned him great praise from August Bebel. Bebel said that if in Germany the Emperor were elected by the people from one of the ruling princely houses, then Prince Ludwig would have the best prospects of becoming German Emperor. In the years after 1900 Ludwig also frequently performed representational duties for his father Prinzregent Luitpold. When Prince Regent Luitpold died in 1912, Prince Ludwig succeeded him as Prince Regent of Bavaria in December. Right at the beginning of Prince Ludwig's reign, there were discussions in Bavaria about the royal question. The Centre Party and the Bavarian Prime Minister Georg von Hertling spoke out in favour of transforming the regency into a royalty and thus in favour of deposing Otto, who was a minor due to mental illness. After hard political conflicts and a constitutional amendment, Otto König von Bayern was finally declared deposed, and Prince Regent Ludwig was able to ascend the Bavarian throne as King Ludwig III on 5 November 1913. During the First World War, Ludwig III was commander-in-chief of the Bavarian troops and from 1915 also Prussian Field Marshal, the latter function being limited exclusively to representative tasks. At the beginning of the war Ludwig hoped to be able to extend the Bavarian Palatinate by parts of Alsace. On November 2, 1918, Ludwig announced the establishment of a parliamentary system of government in Bavaria. However, Ludwig could no longer install a new state government with the participation of the majority Social Democrats (MSPD), as he had already been dismissed by the Social Democratic politician Kurt Eisner on November 7, 1918. From Wildenwart Castle he went to Anif Castle near Salzburg, where he issued a declaration on 13 November exempting the officials, officers and soldiers in Bavaria from the oath of allegiance. King Ludwig III continued to refuse to abdicate formally and to renounce his claims to the throne, living temporarily in Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Wildenwart Castle after the introduction of the republic in Bavaria. The king also stayed in Sárvár (Hungary), where he died on 18 October 1921. Ludwig III and his wife Marie Therese Queen of Bavaria, who had already died on February 3, 1919, found their final resting place in the Cathedral of Our Lady of Munich. The eulogy at the funeral ceremony on November 5, 1921, was given by Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber, Archbishop of Munich-Freising. A printed version of the speech can be found in Bü 839 of this collection; illustrations of the funeral are available in Bü 934 and 1170. Ludwig's heart was buried in the Chapel of Grace in Altötting, in accordance with the tradition of the Bavarian royal house (cf. the illustrations in Bü 1087). 1.4 Marie Therese Princess of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria-Este Princess of Modena)Marie (Maria) Therese Henriette Dorothea Archduchess of Austria-Este Princess of Modena was born on the 2nd of January in Modena. Born in July 1849 in Brno as the only child of Ferdinand Archduke of Austria-Este Prince of Modena and Elisabeth Archduchess of Austria-Este Princess of Modena (née Archduchess of Austria), her father died of typhoid fever in Brno on 15 December 1849, just a few months after Marie Therese's birth. Marie Therese's mother married Karl Ferdinand Archduke of Austria in 1854. This marriage produced six children, four of whom reached adulthood. In detail these are: Friedrich Erzherzog von Österreich Herzog von Teschen (1856-1936), Karl Stephan Erzherzog von Österreich (1860-1933), Imperial and Royal Admiral, Eugen Erzherzog von Österreich (1863-1954), High and German Master of the Teutonic Order and Imperial and Royal Field Marshal, and the daughter Maria Christina Erzherzogin von Österreich (1858-1929). The latter married Alfonso XII in 1879. Archduchess Marie Therese was descended from the House of Austria-Este, a line of the House of Austria that ruled the duchies of Modena and Guastalla in Upper Italy until their incorporation into the Kingdom of Italy in 1859. Marie Therese had inherited on her father's side the throne claims of the Stuarts to the English throne through the houses of Savoy and Orléans, which is why she was the legitimate queen of Scotland for the Stuart followers and legitimists as Mary III and the legitimate queen of England, France and Ireland as Mary IV. Of course Marie Therese's claims to the throne on the English, French, Scottish and Irish royal dignity were never claimed by her. Archduchess Marie Therese was educated strictly Catholic and received instruction from house teachers. At the funeral ceremonies for the late Mathilde Archduchess of Austria in 1867, she met Ludwig Prinz of Bavaria, with whom she immediately fell in love. The Archduchess succeeded in marrying Prince Ludwig against the resistance of her family and, above all, her uncle Franz V. Duke of Modena Archduke of Austria-Este. Marie Therese originally wanted to marry Ferdinand (IV), titular Grand Duke of Tuscany, Archduke of Austria-Tuscany, who was the son of Grand Duke Leopold II of Tuscany, who went into exile in 1859 and lived in exile in Austria and Bohemia. The wedding of Archduchess Marie Therese and Ludwig Prince of Bavaria took place on 20 February 1868 in Vienna. The marriage produced a total of thirteen children, ten of whom reached adulthood. Princess Marie Therese took care of the education of her children. Since she hardly had to fulfil any representation duties in the first years of her marriage, there was enough time for her to do so. Princess Marie Therese devoted herself to social charitable tasks. Since 1889 she headed the Bavarian Red Cross. In this function she also visited Henri Dunant, the founder of the Red Cross (see Bü 584). During the First World War she set up - as already mentioned - a so-called "war sewing room" in the Nibelungensälen of the Munich Residenz, which quickly and unbureaucratically provided the soldiers at the front with laundry. In Leutstetten she set up a so-called Alpinum, in which she almost completely assembled the alpine flora. Princess Marie Therese was also an enthusiastic hobby artist and Marie Therese Queen of Bavaria died at Wildenwart Castle on 3 February 1919. She was first buried in the castle chapel at Schloss Wildenwart. After the death of her husband, her remains were buried together with those of her husband on 5 November 1921 in the Cathedral of Our Lady in Munich. 1.5 Luitpold Prinzregent von BayernLuitpold Prinz von Bayern, the later Prinzregent von Bayern, was born in Würzburg on 12 March 1821 as the son of Ludwig Prinz von Bayern, the later King Ludwig I of Bavaria, and Therese Prinzessin von Bayern (née Prinzessin von Sachsen-Hildburghausen), the later Queen of Bavaria, who was taught by renowned personalities and tutors. The most notable are the theologian Georg von Oettl, who was a pupil of Johann Michael Sailer and later became Bishop of Eichstätt, the painter Domenico Quaglio, the natural philosopher Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert, the philosopher George Philipps and the national economist Friedrich Benedikt von Hermann. The prince had a military career since 1835. Already in 1848 he was promoted to lieutenant general. In 1856 he was appointed commander of the 1st division. From 1861 Luitpold was field witness for the army inspection. He took part in the 1866 war as commander of the 3rd division. In the years after 1866 he was entrusted with the reorganization of the Bavarian military on the model of Prussia. In the war of 1870/71 the prince was detached as a representative of Bavaria to the Great Headquarters. In 1876 Prince Luitpold was appointed Fieldmaster General in the rank of Field Marshal General. Politically Luitpold was in the years before 1866 on the side of the Greater Germans and for a rapprochement to Austria. 10 June 1886 took over Prince Luitpold first the regency for his nephew Ludwig II King of Bavaria, who had been declared mentally ill and unable to govern. After the death of King Ludwig, Luitpold took over the regency for his mentally ill nephew Otto König von Bayern, the brother of King Ludwig II. Although the population was initially reserved towards Luitpold, the Prince Regent soon won the affection of large parts of the Bavarian people. Prince Regent Luitpold ruled strictly constitutionally. Luitpold's reign was retrospectively glorified by his contemporaries as the "Prinzregenten period", which was characterized by economic upswing, an improvement in living conditions and, above all, cultural prosperity. The latter in particular is inseparably linked with the Prinzregenten period. Under Luitpolds regency, Munich developed into a cultural centre in Germany. "Luitpold Prinzregent von Bayern died on 12 December 1912 in Munich. He was buried in the Theatinerkirche in Munich. 1.6 Auguste Ferdinande Princess of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany)Auguste Ferdinande Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany was born on 1 April 1825 in Florence as the daughter of Leopold II. Grand Duke of Tuscany and Maria Anna Grand Duchess of Tuscany (née Princess of Saxony), she married Luitpold Prince of Bavaria on 15 April 1844 in Florence. The marriage produced the sons Ludwig, the later King Ludwig III, Leopold, later Field Marshal, and Arnulf, later Colonel General, and the explorer Princess Therese, the deeply religious Princess Auguste Ferdinande who, together with the house teachers, took care of the strict Catholic education of her children. Princess Auguste Ferdinande showed great interest in the arts - she had a talent for drawing - and in history. Princess Auguste Ferdinande died on 26 April 1864 in Munich. She was buried in the Theatinerkirche in Munich. 2. on the content, order and distortion of the holdings: As mentioned above, the GU 119 holdings include several partial estates of members of the House of Bavaria. By far the largest and most extensive partial legacy is that of the Wiltrud Duchess of Urach, née Princess of Bavaria (category 1). In the following, the contents of the estate of the Duchess Wiltrud will be discussed in more detail.2.1 Estate of Wiltrud Duchess von Urach (née Prinzessin von Bayern)The most extensive part of the estate of the Duchess Wiltrud in the inventory GU 119, apart from the photographs, is the correspondence of the Duchess Wiltrud (section 1.2). Within the correspondence, the letters of relatives of Wiltrud and her husband represent an important and large group. Section 1.2 begins with letters from members of the House of Bavaria (Wittelsbach) to Princess Wiltrud (sub-section 1.2.1). Above all, the letters of her parents Ludwig III King and Marie Therese Queen of Bavaria are to be mentioned here (subcategory 1.2.1.1.1). The correspondence with Wiltrud's siblings and their families must also be mentioned here: in detail, these are letters from Rupprecht Crown Prince of Bavaria, from the princes Karl, Franz and Wolfgang of Bavaria and from the princesses Adelgunde (verh. Princess of Hohenzollern), Maria (Duchess of Calabria, Princess of Bourbon-Sicily), Mathilde (Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha), Hildegard, Helmtrud and Gundelinde (Countess of Preysing-Lichtenegg-Moos) of Bavaria (subcategory 1.2.1.1.2). Letters from the spouses and children of the siblings can also be found in subcategory 1.2.1.1.2. In addition, letters from the other representatives of the royal line (subcategory 1.2.1.1.3) and the ducal line of the House of Bavaria (subcategory 1.2.1.2) as well as from the House of Leuchtenberg (subcategory 1.2.1.3), which is related to the House of Bavaria, can also be expected in the estate of Princess Wiltrud. Finally, subheading 1.2.1 also includes letters from members of the Bavarian court (subheading 1.2.1.4) and servants of the royal family in Bavaria and Sárvár (Hungary) (subheading 1.2.1.5). Among the letters from members of the court, the letters of Bertha Freiin von Wulffen, the educator and later court lady of Princess Wiltrud, are particularly noteworthy (Bü 440-447). The close relatives of Princess Wiltrud also include the members of the House of Austria (Habsburg), with whom Wiltrud's mother Marie Therese was Queen of Bavaria, who was a born Archduchess of Austria-Este Princess of Modena, and Wiltrud's grandmother Auguste Ferdinande Princess of Bavaria, who was a born Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany. Last but not least, the House of Bavaria with the House of Austria in the 19th century was also the marriage of the Elisabeth Duchess in Bavaria with Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria and the marriage of her daughter Gisela Archduchess of Austria with Leopold Prince of Bavaria as well as the marriage of the Adelgunde Princess of Bavaria with Franz V. Duke of Modena Archduke of Austria-Este related. The letters of representatives of the House of Austria can be found in subcategory 1.2.2 of this inventory. This includes letters from members of the Austria-Hungary line (subheadings 1.2.2.1 and 1.2.2.2), Austria-Este (Ducal Family of Modena) (subheading 1.2.2.3) and Austria-Tuscany (subheading 1.2.2.4) as well as from members of the Court of the House of Austria (subheading 1.2.2.5). In addition to two letters from the Zita Empress of Austria Queen of Hungary (née Princess of Bourbon-Parma) (Bü 368), the letters of the High and German Master Eugen Archduke of Austria (Bü 180), of the Imperial and Royal Colonel Karl Albrecht Archduke of Austria (Bü 400), of the Imperial and Royal Colonel Karl Albrecht Archduke of Austria (Bü 400), of the Imperial and Royal Colonel Eugen Archduke of Austria (Bü 180) and of the German and Royal Colonel Eugen Archduke of Austria (Bü 180) are also included. Field marshal Friedrich Archduke of Austria (Bü 390) and the aristocrat Archduchess of Austria-Este Duchess of Modena (née Princess of Bavaria) (Bü 346 and 347).) Duke of Urach can be found mainly in subcategory 1.2.3. In addition to letters from her brother-in-law Karl Fürst von Urach (subcategory 1.2.3.1), letters from the children of Duke Wilhelm (II.) from his marriage to Amalie Herzogin von Urach (née Duchess of Bavaria) (subcategory 1.2.3.2) can be expected in the estate of Princess Wiltrud. The letters of the spouses of the children and the grandchildren of Duke Wilhelm (II.) are also included in subheading 1.2.3.2. On the other hand, there are no letters from the husband Wilhelm (II.) Duke of Urach to his wife Wiltrud in this collection. Duchess Wiltrud also had an extensive correspondence with the Altieri, Enzenberg, Thun-Hohenstein, Vetter von der Lilie, Forni and Bayer von Ehrenberg families (subcategory 1.2.3.3), who were related to the House of Urach. The family relations with these families came about through the marriages of the Auguste Eugenie Countess of Württemberg (Countess of Enzenberg, Countess of Thun-Hohenstein) and Mathilde Princess of Urach Countess of Württemberg (Countess of Württemberg). Principessa Altieri), who were half-sisters of Duke Wilhelm (II.), as well as the marriage of the Marie Countess of Württemberg, who was a daughter of Wilhelm Duke of Württemberg and Wilhelmine Princess of Württemberg (née Freiin von Tunderfeld-Rhodis), with the Count of Taubenheim. Subheading 1.2.3.4 contains letters from Urach staff. The relatives of Duke Wilhelm (II.) also include the representatives of the House of Württemberg (subcategory 1.2.4), including Charlotte Queen of Württemberg (née Princess zu Schaumburg-Lippe) (subcategory 1.2.4.1), Albrecht Duke of Württemberg and Philipp Albrecht Duke of Württemberg (subcategory 1.2.4.2), Louis II Prince of Monaco (subcategory 1.2.5) and Elisabeth Princess of and to Liechtenstein (née Princess of Urach) and her husband Karl Prince of and to Liechtenstein (subcategory 1.2.6), from whom letters are available in each case. In addition to the members of the aforementioned princely houses, Princess Wiltrud also corresponded with the members of the other princely houses in Germany and Europe (subcategories 1.2.7 and 1.2.8). The most notable are Elisabeth Queen of Belgians (née Duchess of Bavaria) (Bü 122), the Grand Duchesses Maria Anna (née Infanta of Portugal) and Charlotte of Luxembourg (Bü 247 and 124), Maria Christina Queen of Spain (née Archduchess of Austria) (Bü 243) and Alfonso XIII King of Spain (Bü 504). Among the representatives of the German ruling or former ruling princely houses, Friedrich II Grand Duke of Baden (Bü 359), Max Prince of Saxony (Bü 366), Professor of the Catholic Liturgy and the Languages of the Christian East in Fribourg/Üechtland, and Hermione Princess of Prussia (widowed Princess of Schönaich-Carolath, née Princess Reuß) (Bü 106), the second wife of Emperor Wilhelm II, should be mentioned. A telegram is available from Emperor Wilhelm II, who was visited by Duchess Wiltrud in Haus Doorn/Netherlands (Bü 319). correspondence with the members of the princely houses is followed by letters from members of the nobility (Unterrubrik 1.2.9.1), the barons (Unterrubrik 1.2.9.2) and the nobility (Unterrubrik 1.2.9.3) in Germany and Austria. Letters from aristocrats can also be found in the correspondence series "aristocratic acquaintances from Bavaria" (subcategory 1.2.9.4) and "aristocratic and bourgeois acquaintances from Württemberg" (subcategory 1.2.11). The letters of aristocrats existing in the two correspondence series were explicitly left in the respective series and not classified in subcategories 1.2.9.1 to 1.2.9.3 in order to retain the formation made by Duchess Wiltrud.Among the letters of personalities of public life (subcategory 1.2.13) are especially in Bü 250 the letters of the clergy Michael von Faulhaber, archbishop of Munich-Freising, Giovanni Battista Montini, papal undersecretary of state and later Pope Paul VI, Carl Joseph Leiprecht, bishop of Rottenburg, Sigismund Felix Freiherr von Ow-Felldorf, bishop of Passau, and Prelate Konrad Kümmel (Bü 27), editor of the "Katholisches Sonntagsblatt". Correspondence by Johann Baptista Sproll, bishop of Rottenburg, can be found in Bü 38. Among the letters of writers, the letters of the writers Emmy Giehrl (née Aschenbrenner, pseudonym "Tante Emmy") (Bü 246) and Gertrud Freiin von Le Fort (Bü 68) are particularly noteworthy. Duchess Wiltrud also maintained personal contact with the latter, since Gertrud Freiin von Le Fort had also lived in Oberstdorf since 1939. almost all the correspondence in this collection is so-called unilateral correspondence, which means that only the incoming letters from the correspondence partners in GU 119 are to be expected. Only occasionally can one find letter concepts or drafts by Duchess Wiltrud among these partners, including those from letters that were not sent later. Only some of the letters of Princess Wiltrud to her parents Ludwig III Königin and Marie Therese Königin von Bayern as well as to her aunt Therese Prinzessin von Bayern are included in the inventory of GU 119 in the partial estates of King Ludwig III. (heading 3), Queen Marie Therese (heading 4) and Princess Therese (heading 2) (Bü 1098, 1099, 1101-1103 and 1112). The letters of the parents and the aunt Princess Therese to Princess Wiltrud, on the other hand, are listed in the sub-categories 1.2.1.1.1 and 1.2.1.1.2 in the estate of Princess Wiltrud (Bü 344, 345, 350 and 352-354). If one looks at the running time of Wiltrud's correspondence in the present collection, it is noticeable that, apart from a few exceptions, hardly any letters to Wiltrud are contained from the period after 1960. An interesting insight into the way of thinking of the German nobility in the second half of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century is provided by the extensive correspondence of Duchess Wiltrud kept in GU 119 (category 1).2) as well as the correspondence of the Therese Princess of Bavaria (section 2.1), the Ludwig III King of Bavaria (section 3.1), the Marie Therese Queen of Bavaria (section 4.1) and the Luitpold Prince Regent of Bavaria (section 5.2). In addition, the correspondence for prosopographical and biographical research, especially on the nobility in Germany and Austria, as well as on the history of individual German princely and noble houses, is of particular importance.Duchess Wiltrud's interest in the genealogy of the House of Grimaldi, the Princely Family of Monaco, is reflected in the extensive materials on the history of the House of Monaco and in the correspondence of the Duchess with Louis II, Prince of Monaco and the members of the houses Chabrillan and Lévis-Mirepoix (Bü 520 and 1244). Documents on court life, court society and protocol, especially at the Bavarian royal court, which give an insight into the court and the representative duties of the Prince Regent and later King Ludwig III of Bavaria and his family, can be found in Section 1.5. These include in particular the materials on Ludwig's official visits to Bavarian cities and on state visits, including those of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Bavaria. Individual documents also deal with the Württemberg royal court and the House of Urach. Here the memories of the Emilie von Sonntag of Florestine Herzogin von Urach (née Prinzessin von Monaco) (Bü 144) and of Wilhelm (I.) Herzog von Urach (Bü 356) are to be mentioned, for example. Documents on weddings, birthdays, funerals and other family celebrations and family events in the houses of Bavaria and Urach as well as in other princely houses are to be found in category 1.As already mentioned, the illustrations, photographs and photographs form the most extensive category (1.16) of the GU 119 collection in addition to correspondence. The largest subcategory are the illustrations of persons and group photographs (subcategory 1.16.1). This subheading contains pictures of Princess Wiltrud, her parents, her siblings and other members of the House of Bavaria (subheading 1.16.1.1) as well as members of the Houses of Austria (subheading 1.16.1.2), Hohenberg (subheading 1.16.1.2.2), Urach and Württemberg (subheading 1.16.1.3). There are also illustrations of representatives of the ruling or former ruling princely houses in Europe (subcategory 1.16.1.6) and in Germany (subcategory 1.16.1.7), of the other aristocrats in Germany, Austria and the rest of Europe (subcategories 1.16.1.8 and 1.16.1.9) and of citizens (subcategory 1.16.1.10) and of public figures (subcategory 1.16.1.11). The structure of the illustrations essentially follows the structure of the correspondence, with the illustrations of persons, the group shots and the shots of events, the persons depicted on the shots are usually listed in the Containment note. Often the information on the back of the photographs, most of which were taken by Duchess Wiltrud, was adopted. It was not possible to verify this information in view of the amount of work and time involved. In addition, the identification of persons on photographs which do not show any information on the reverse side often had to be omitted for the same reasons.subheading 1.16.2 includes illustrations of events. This subheading mainly includes recordings of official events, representation commitments (subheading 1.16.2.1) and family celebrations as well as family events (subheading 1.16.2.2). The illustrations of these sub-categories thus represent partial additions to the written documents on court life, court society, representation obligations of the House of Bavaria kept in sub-categories 1.5 and 1.7, as well as family celebrations and family events. 1.16 also includes illustrations of the Duchess Wiltrud's travels, places, buildings and landscapes, works of art, animals, ships, zeppelins, etc. The extensive picture collections listed in section 1.16 supplement the illustrations and picture collections kept in the GU 99 holdings (photo collections and albums of the Dukes and Princes of Urach Counts of Württemberg), some of which also come from the Duchess Wiltrud's possession or were created by her. The illustrations in the holdings GU 99 and GU 119, together with the materials on court life, on the representation obligations of the House of Bavaria and on family celebrations and family events in the houses of Bavaria, Austria and Urach kept in the aforementioned sections 1.5 and 1.7, represent an interesting source for the history of the houses mentioned. In addition, the above image holdings and the materials in sections 1.5 and 1.7 are of significance for the history of culture and mentality and the everyday history of the nobility.2 As already indicated, documents on Duchess Wiltrud are to be expected in the holdings of photo albums and collections of the Dukes and Princes of Urach Counts of Württemberg (holdings GU 99) as well as in the holdings GU 117 (Wilhelm (II.) Duke of Urach) and GU 120 (Karl Prince of Urach).2.2 Partial estate of Princess Therese of BavariaIn addition to documents from the estate of the Wiltrud Duchess of Urach (née Princess of Bavaria), GU 119 also contains partial estates and fragments of estates of other members of the House of Bavaria. The most extensive part of the collection is the one of the explorer Therese Princess of Bavaria (1850-1925), which is listed in category 2. These are documents from the estate of Princess Therese, which have been transferred to her niece Duchess Wiltrud. As can be seen from Bü 297, the materials kept in the inventory of GU 119 were handed over to Duchess Wiltrud by Oberarchivrat Franz Xaver Deybeck of the Bavarian Main State Archives in Munich, since they were out of the question for safekeeping in the Department of the Bavarian Main State Archives' Secret House Archives, in which the greater part of the written estate of Princess Therese is kept. Deybeck regarded some of the documents from the princess's estate as "wastepaper", only of "personal value and significance" and thus for the "Hausarchiv ohne Wert", as some of Deybeck's inscriptions on the corresponding envelopes reveal. The structure of the partial estate of Princess Therese is essentially based on the structure of the estate of Duchess Wiltrud. Subcategory 2.1 Correspondence mainly contains letters from relatives in Bavaria (subcategory 2.1.1), Austria, Austria-Este and Austria-Tuscany (subcategory 2.1.2). Among them are letters from Marie Therese Queen of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria-Este Princess of Modena) (Bü 1110, 1112, 1120-1122), Adelgunde Archduchess of Austria-Este Duchess of Modena (née Archduchess of Austria-Este Duchess of Modena) (née Archduchess of Austria-Este Princess of Modena). Princess of Bavaria) (Bü 1131), Elisabeth Archduchess of Austria (widowed Archduchess of Austria-Este) (Bü 1123 and 1124) as well as Eugen Archduke of Austria, High and German Master of the Teutonic Order and Field Marshal, Karl Stephan Archduke of Austria, Stephanie Crown Princess of Austria (née Princess of Belgium and later married Princess Lónyay of Nagy-Lónya) (all Bü 1135). Princess Therese also corresponded with members of the Houses of Württemberg and Urach. The queens Pauline, Olga (born Grand Duchess of Russia) and Charlotte (born Princess of Schaumburg-Lippe) of Württemberg (all Bü 1113), Florestine Duchess of Urach (born Princess of Württemberg), Wilhelm (II.) Duke of Urach and Eugenie Countess of Württemberg (all Bü 1114) as well as Auguste Eugenie Countess of Thun-Hohenstein (widowed Countess of Enzenberg) of Thun-Hohenstein (widowed Countess of Enzenberg) of Württemberg (all Bü 1113) are to be mentioned here. Countess of Württemberg) (Bü 1116) and Donna Mathilde Principessa Altieri (née Princess of Urach Countess of Württemberg) (Bü 1115). of the correspondents among the representatives of the other ruling and formerly ruling princely houses in Germany and Europe, Carola Queen of Saxony (née Princess of Saxony) (Bü 1116) and Donna Mathilde Principessa Altieri (née Princess of Urach Countess of Württemberg) (Bü 1115) are here. Princess Wasa) (Bü 1104), Maria Christina Queen of Spain (née Archduchess of Austria) (Bü 1125) as well as Elisabeth Queen of Belgium (née Duchess of Bavaria) and Josephine Queen of Sweden and Norway (née Princess of Leuchtenberg) (both Bü 1136).In addition, two letters of the writer, pacifist and Nobel Peace Prize winner Bertha Freifrau von Suttner (née Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau) (Bü 1152) are included in the partial estate of Princess Therese, the most extensive category after the correspondence in the partial estate of Therese Princess of Bavaria. Particularly worth mentioning are the illustrations of Therese Princess of Bavaria (subcategory 2.7.1.1) and of other members of the House of Bavaria (subcategory 2.7.1.2).2.3 Other partial estates and fragments of estates, especially of representatives of the House of BavariaRubric 3 unites documents from the estate of Ludwig III, King of Bavaria. It contains letters from the princesses Wiltrud and Hildegard to their father King Ludwig III. (Bü 1099, 1103 and 1237) and a notepad of Prince Ludwig, later King Ludwig III, with entries for his military service in 1863 (Bü 1092). In addition, the partial estate of Ludwig III contains telegrams from Johanna Freiin von Malsen to King Ludwig III and to "Countess Elpen" (incognito of Therese Princess of Bavaria), both of whom were in exile in Lucerne, about the illness and death of Marie Therese Queen of Bavaria in 1919 (Bü 1178). There are also ten audiance books of Prince Ludwig from the years 1902 to 1913 which contain information about the names of the persons received in audiences by Prince Ludwig and about the topics discussed in the audiences (Bü 1091). These audience booklets served Princess Wiltrud and her sisters as a reminder for conversations with the court lords, diplomats, ministers and generals. The audience booklets are an interesting source of information about court life at the Bavarian royal court. The partial estate of the Marie Therese Queen of Bavaria kept in category 4 contains only letters and postcards to the Queen. Among them are the letters of Princess Wiltrud (Bü 1098, 1101 and 1102) and Therese Princess of Bavaria (Bü 1126-1128). the documents from the partial estate of the Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria, which form category 5, include the correspondence of the Prince Regent with his sister Adelgunde Archduchess of Austria-Este Duchess of Modena (born Princess of Bavaria) (Bü 1155), the printed speech of Bishop Johann Michael Sailer on the occasion of the marriage of Prince Luitpold to Auguste Ferdinande Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany (Bü 1095) and poems of Prince Luitpold with dedications and a. to Olga Grand Duchess of Russia (proclaimed Queen of Württemberg), Marie Princess of Saxony-Altenburg (proclaimed Queen of Hanover) and Alexandra Princess of Saxony-Altenburg (proclaimed Queen of Saxony-Altenburg). The partial estate of Auguste Ferdinande Princess of Bavaria (née Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany) (rubric 6) contains, among other things, a letter from her father, Grand Duke Leopold II. from Tuscany (Bü 1194) to Auguste Ferdinande and letters from Auguste Ferdinand to her court lady Natalie Gräfin von Rotenhan (Bü 1148) the fragment of a diary in Italian (Bü 1188), copies of literary texts (subcategory 6.3) and printed matter of a religious nature (subcategory 6.5); Section 7 unites the estate splinters of Hildegard Princess of Bavaria (subcategory 7.1), Elisabeth Archduchess of Austria (widowed) and Elisabeth of the Holy Roman Empire (widowed). Archduchess of Austria-Este (subcategory 7.2), Mathilde Archduchess of Austria (subcategory 7.3), Therese Freifrau von Giese (subcategory 7.4) and Gustav Freiherr von Perfall (subcategory 7.5). Letters from the Therese Princess of Bavaria to Elisabeth Archduchess of Austria (widowed Archduchess of Austria-Este (Bü 1108), as well as letters from the Alexandra Princess of Bavaria and the Adelgunde Archduchess of Austria-Este Duchess of Modena (née. With the exception of Princess Wiltrud, the Department of Secret Archives of the Bavarian Main State Archives in Munich keeps the main estates of the members of the House of Bavaria represented in this collection. 2.4 The order and indexing of the holdingsThe holdings of GU 119, together with the Archives of the Dukes and Princes of Urach Grafen von Württemberg, were deposited in 1987 in the Main State Archives. There, the archives of the House of Urach form the GU series of inventories within the tectonics (inventory classification). During the reorganization of the archives by Wolfgang Schmierer, director of the archives, the documents of Wiltrud Herzogin von Urach were given the signature GU 119. Where it seemed appropriate, the units found were retained, for example in the correspondence series. In the course of the development work, numerous documents were separated from the GU 119 holdings and above all added to the GU 96 (Miscellaneous and Unclear), GU 117 (Wilhelm II.) Duke of Urach), GU 118 (Amalie Duchess of Urach née Duchess of Bavaria), GU 120 (Karl Prince of Urach), GU 123 (Carola Hilda Princess of Urach), GU 128 (Margarethe Princess of Urach) and GU 134 (Mechthilde Princess of Urach). As a rule, the married ladies listed in the present inventory, especially those of the high nobility, are always listed under the married name, i.e. the surname of the husband, whereby the maiden name is mentioned in brackets in the title entry. In exceptional cases the married ladies are also mentioned under the maiden name, and the married name is then in brackets. In the person index married ladies are listed under both names, with the addition of the respective girl's name or married name after the marriage. For example, Adelgunde Fürstin von Hohenzollern (née Prinzessin von Bayern) is mentioned in the person index under "Hohenzollern, Adelgunde Fürstin von, née Prinzessin von Bayern" and under "Bayern, Adelgunde Prinzessin von, verh. Fürstin von Hohenzollern". In the case of the married members of the count's, baronial and aristocratic houses, the maiden name or married name was determined - insofar as this was possible with justifiable effort and with the help of the Genealogical Manual of the nobility. If the maiden name or married name is already mentioned in a note of the Duchess Wiltrud, this was taken over without examination of the same on the basis of the relevant literature. Since there was no comparable possibility of research for bourgeois wives, only in those cases in which identification was possible on the basis of notes and inscriptions of Duchess Wiltrud, the respective maiden name or married surnames were taken over without checking the information of Duchess Wiltrud. The archives of the inventory of GU 119 may only be inspected with the prior permission of the chief of the House of Urach. The finding aid book of the inventory GU 119 was completed in winter 2007. Before packing, the stock comprises approx. 13 linear metres with 1247 numbers.Stuttgart, November 2007Eberhard Merk
Urach, Wiltrud Gräfin von Württemberg