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1st administrative history/biography: Carl Bach was born on 08.03.1847 in Stollberg in the Erzgebirge mountains as the son of the saddler master and carriage builder Heinrich Julius Bach. After attending primary school and private school in Stollberg, he completed an apprenticeship as a locksmith. In the years 1863 and 1864 he worked in the steam engine construction of the company R. Hartmann in Chemnitz. During this time he learned English in addition to his work. Then he was first a pupil of the Gewerbschule, later of the Werkmeisterschule, where he graduated at Easter 1866 with the overall grade 1 and the silver medal, which was only awarded in one copy. This year he took part in planning work for the Chemnitz water pipeline under the direction of Prof. Kankelwitz. After the following studies at the Polytechnikum Dresden he followed Prof. Kankelwitz as assistant for the years 1868 to 1872 to Stuttgart. After this time Bach studied again, this time with Grashof at the TH Karlsruhe, where he earned his diploma in 1873. In the following five years he worked as an engineer in Wollwich, London and Vienna, finally becoming director of Lausitzer Maschinenfabrik AG in Bautzen. He was elected to the Zittau Chamber of Commerce in 1877 and married in the same year. On 01 October 1878, Bach was appointed full professor of mechanical engineering at the Technical University of Stuttgart, where he established the Materials Testing Institute in 1884 and the Engineering Laboratory eleven years later. From 1885 to 1888 he was rector of the TH Stuttgart. One year later, on 20 June 1889, Bach was awarded the silver commemorative medal by the King of Württemberg on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the government. In February 1892 he received the Knight's Cross and on 25 November 1895 the Honorary Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown, connected with the nobility of persons. He was also awarded the title of "Construction Director". Already in 1883 Carl Bach was appointed to the Federal Polytechnic in Zurich, in 1895 to the Technical University in Berlin and in 1902 unofficially to the Technical University in Vienna. However, he did not follow any of these calls. On 22 March 1911 he was awarded the Commander's Cross of the 2nd Class of the Albrecht Order by King Friedrich August of Saxony, in 1914 the title "Staatsrat", in February 1916 he was awarded the Wilhelmskreuz by the King of Württemberg, in February 1918 the Commander's Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown. Also this year Bach was the first technician in Württemberg to receive the title "Excellence". From 1912 to 1918 Carl von Bach was a member of the 1st Chamber of the Württemberg State Parliament for the TH Stuttgart. On his 70th birthday, 1917, he became an honorary citizen of his hometown Stollberg and on his 80th birthday an honorary citizen of Stuttgart. In 1920 the senate of the TH Stuttgart had him paint for the senate hall. Two years later Bach was emeritus. In 1926 Bach was painted again, this time for the conference hall of the VDI in Berlin. Carl von Bach died in Stuttgart on 10 October 1931. He holds honorary doctorates from the TH Berlin (1903), the University of Tübingen (1927), the TH Vienna (1927), and the TH Stuttgart (1927). In close cooperation and lively exchange of ideas with renowned entrepreneurs and inventors such as Robert Bosch, Paul Daimler, Rudolf Diesel, Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin and many others, Bach succeeded in bridging the gap in mechanical engineering between practitioners such as Redtenbacher (Karlsruhe) and theorists such as Reuleaux (Berlin) by purposefully combining theory and practice through experimental research in mechanical engineering and civil engineering. In order to secure the scientific basis, Bach successfully established two research institutes, the Materials Testing Institute 1884, of which he was director until 1922, and the Engineering Laboratory 1895. On his initiative, the first chair for aeronautics and automotive engineering was established in Germany in 1925, together with the associated laboratory. Based on his work, Bach is regarded as the founder of static elasticity and strength theory. Both from his own experience and from his work in business circles and technical associations, Bach was aware that the rapid development of German industry required a fundamental reform of engineering education. He demanded a "workshop practice" of at least one year. Bach considered solid practical experience supplemented by thorough, comprehensive training in natural science and technical subjects, but also the teaching of humanities disciplines, the "humanisation of technical universities", to be absolutely essential for the engineer of the future. His educational policy intentions, which he realized in his more than 40 years of work at the Technical University of Stuttgart, he achieved above all through the Association of German Engineers. The appreciation of Bach as a teacher and scholar is expressed not only by his appointments to other universities, but also by the orders and honours of crowned heads and associations of a technical, scientific and socio-political nature, as well as the magnificent letter of thanks from the students of the TH Stuttgart. 2nd inventory description: Carl von Bach (1847-1931) was one of the most important German technical scientists of his time. In the field of mechanical engineering and material testing he did pioneering work, which is the basis for today's problems and solutions. The estate of Carl von Bach comprises a total of about 40 running metres. Archive material. However, this material does not only contain the scientific legacy of Bach, but much more: in addition to the scientific works - almost all manuscripts of his major works are available in various editions - an extensive part of his private legacy is also preserved. In addition, the University Archives also contain the estate of his son Julius Bach. He was bequeathed in his will the entire legacy of his father's writings, which he finally bequeathed to the then Technical University of Karl-Marx-Stadt alongside his own. Particularly valuable in the estate of Carl von Bach, if one can even pick out a subgroup, is the traditional business correspondence. On approx. 50,000 sheets, both the correspondence received and the correspondence sent out over the period from 1876 to 1931 are almost completely handed down. Because of Bach's focus on work and research, the theory of strength and elasticity, of which he was a co-founder, he came into contact with various representatives from science and industry. Moreover, Bach was a very socially committed person, which is also reflected in this correspondence. However, the preservation of the tradition is endangered. In particular, the copial books with the outgoing correspondence will only be released for use in exceptional cases. The degree of preservation of the writing material is particularly problematic here. As a rule, the deceased did not use commercially available ink, but mixed it himself in varying compositions, some of which faded very strongly. In addition, the transparent paper of the books is only of little stability. For this reason, the business correspondence in the Bach estate was completely filmed and digitized. Selected documents are recorded on colour film and are available as negatives and positives. The Subdivision of the Estate Carl von Bach's estate is divided into six sections in its provisionally final stage of indexing: I. Biographical material This group includes personal documents, testimonies of his educational and professional career, documents about his military service, honours, vocations, anniversaries and autobiographical records. II. private correspondence This is arranged chronologically according to the members of the family and within them. Of these, the correspondence with his son Julius is the most extensive and certainly also the most interesting, since it contains the discussions of various technical problems that were conducted between the two scientists. III. business correspondence This cannot claim to be complete, but the extent of the overdelivery is impressive. Particularly remarkable is the tradition of the outgoing mail, which is recorded in a total of 35 copial books on approx. 35000 sheets. They cover the period from 1876 to 1903 and from 1909 to his death in 1931. Within these copies the letters are arranged chronologically and for almost each of these books there is a register of names of the addressees, which has been made by the deceased. However, the Kopialbücher also contain copies of incoming letters and various concepts, orders, etc., which Bach probably regarded as particularly important. Also the mail archived in this group is quite remarkable with 18 000 sheets. In total, there are about 2500 correspondents in the group of business correspondence. With regard to the two sections on private and business correspondence, it should be noted that correspondence can also be found outside these sections, in the fact files. IV. Business papers Here you will find the manuscripts of his countless publications, statements and expert opinions on the fields of science covered by Bach, as well as extensive material collections on these questions. His work on material testing, the durability of steam boilers and riveted joints, etc. can be particularly well understood here. Bach himself created firm portfolios in which he collected all possible processes into one subject and then labeled them accordingly. This state of order and distortion was largely adopted during the earlier processing of the estate, without verifying the content in detail. This situation was resolved in 2007. The order by subject has been maintained, but the folders have been repackaged and the file titles have been supplemented with extensive "Contains" notes to facilitate access to this material. In addition, papers from the estate of Julius Bach were added to this section, but these clearly have their origin in Carl Bach. V. Material Collections Various types of material have been summarized here. This concerns e.g. his membership cards, orders, promotional gifts, material samples or also different photos. Sections 4 and 5 have not been rearranged, but have been taken over from the original legator. VI. Non-provenance material Here is the material about the legator that was later added to the estate, such as obituaries or copies of and about Bach from other archives. In the revision of the estate, further material on Carl Bach was added. Of particular note here are the numerous photos of the Carl Bach family, which were made available in digital form for the collection. The inventory signature is the number 302, followed by an indication in Roman numerals and the individually numbered file units (in Arabic numerals). The Roman numerals indicate the six different groups. Example: 302 / III / 0123 Carl von Bach estate estate / business correspondence / foreign correspondence America: Argentina, Chile, Canada, USA Inventory processing The Carl von Bach estate has not yet been finally catalogued. At the beginning of the processing in the 80s a file was created, which was the basis for the input into the database at the end of the 90s. The data was transferred unchanged. A new classification was developed for the estate, according to which the entered units of registration are arranged. New file titles have been created in the Biographical Material, Private and Business Correspondence sections. In 2007, sections IV to VI were finally developed in greater depth. Although most of the titles of the files in the business papers and material collections were originally taken over by the testator, they were supplemented with extensive remarks. The present finding aid book thus represents the most recent state of processing for the time being. Digitisation The correspondence in the estate has been completely filmed and digitised from the film. Due to the state of preservation, the originals are no longer released for use. A high quality silver halide film has been used to secure the existence of the company. As a rule, this part of the estate is used via the electronic data on the PC. The designation of the CD-ROM corresponds to that of the file unit. During scanning, the individual sheets were numbered consecutively. The first part of the file name, however, reflects the file unit. However, the file numbers do not match the page number. 3. state of indexing/scope: indexed; find book, database, digitised material; scope: 40.75 running metres.

Contains: - Programme speech before the voters' meeting Ebingen, printed, 4.2.1887 - Draft of an election programme, printed, 1888 - "Anniversary tax, official assembly and constitution", printed, end of 1888 - Draft "From laborious governing", mechanical, 1888/1890 - Report on the state parliament session in the Swabian Mercury, printed, 1888 - Draft of an election programme, printed, 1888 - "Jubilee tax, official assembly and constitution", printed, end of 1888 - Report on the state parliament session in the Swabian Mercury, printed, 1888/1890 - Report on the state parliament session in the Swabian Mercury, printed, 1888 - Draft of the election programme, printed, 1888 - "Jubilee tax, official assembly and constitution", printed, end of 1888 - Draft "From laborious governing", mechanical, 1888/1890 - Report on the state parliament session in the Swabian Mercury, printed, printed., 5.4.1889 - Jungfernrede Haussmanns in der Abgeordnetenkammer, ed., 10.4.1889 - Speech in the election challenge debate, ed., 18.6.1889 - Speech on the reintroduction of the election envelope, ed., 19.6.1889 - Newspaper report on a speech by voters in Ebingen, ed., 10.11.1889 - Reichstag speech on the colonial bill, ed, 12.6.1890 (three reports) - lecture about the political situation, printed, 14.9.1891 - speech in the voters' meeting in Tuttlingen, printed, 2.10,1892 - "Der Wegweiser", poem Haussmanns, printed, o.D. - speech in Ebingen, printed, 30.6.1894 - report about party congress of the South German People's Party in Aschaffenburg and the speech Haussmanns in the Aschaffenburger Zeitung, printed, 24.9.1894 - Haussmann's toast to the anniversary of the foundation of the Reich, handschr., January 1895 - "Die württembergische Landtagswahl", printed, 19.2.1895 - "Die politische Indolenz", printed, October 1895 - Reichstag speech on the BGB, printed, 12.12.1895 - "So kann es nicht weitergehen - Gedanken eines Steuerzahlers", printed ca. 1895 - Report of the People's Party to its voters on the Reichstag session 1895/1896, printed, o.D. - Toast to Haussmann on the anniversary of the foundation of the Reich, printed, January 1896 - "Ein Minister über Bord" zur Entlassung Bronsarts, printed, 17.8.1895 - General Assembly of the Bezirksvolksverein in Balingen, printed, 17.1.1897 - "On the Threshold of Reform - Constitutional Revision, Proportional Election and the Attitude of the Parties", ed., 17.1.1897 - Haussmann's Article on "Electoral Victory of Democracy in Norway" in "Dagbladet Kristiania", 9.11.1897 - "From Tedious Governance", mach., September 1897 - "The People's Party in Parliament 1895-1900", ed, o.D. - Election program of the Volkspartei by Friedrich and Conrad Haussmann, printed, 1900 - Speeches by Friedrich and Conrad Haussmann in Heilbronn at the Volksparteitag, printed, 16.11.1902 - Speech on two years of service in the Reichtag, handschr., 1903 - Speech of the Landtag on the Betriebsmittelgemeinschaft, printed, 9.12.1904 - Speech as reporter in the Landtag on the administrative reform, mechanical and manual reform, German, English 1904 - Poem "Berlin Politics", handschr., New Year 1905 - Schiller speech, printed, 7.5.1905 - Draft of a constitutional law, printed by the Landtag, 17.6.1905 - Closing speech to the constitutional revision, handschr., 1905 - "Volksrecht oder Herrenrechte? Speech by Wilhelm Keil, printed, 27.6.1905 - "Zur Verfassungsrevision in Württemberg", printed, 9.7.1905 - "Ein Mahnwort aus der Deutschen Volkspartei", printed, 18.7.1905 - "Die Verfassungsrevision in der Kommission", printed, 18.7.1905 - Notes on an Election Speech, hand printed, 1905 - "Die Auswärtige Lage", mechanical, January 1906 - Election Programme of the People's Party, printed, 18.7.1905 - "Die Auswärtige Lage", mechanical, January 1906 - Election Programme of the People's Party, printed, 18.7.1905 - "Die, 12.11.1906 - "An die Reichstagswähler", printed, New Year 1907 - "An die deutschen Wähler, handschr., o.D. - Rede zum Vereinsgesetz, printed, 1907 - Speech in Spaichingen, printed, 13.1.1907 - "Die Bedeutung der Neuwahlen", speech in Ebingen, printed, 19.1.1907 - "Die Reichstagsstichwahl" in Balingen, printed, 3.2.1907 - "Bülow", without author, printed.., o.D. - "Ultra-Montagnini", printed, o.D. - "Die Wahl", printed, February 1907 - "À vous, Allemands", printed, o.D. - "Die neue politische Saison" by Dr. Heinrich Hutter, printed, 30.11.1907 - "Wahl und Moral", printed, 30.11.1907 - "Die Wahl und Moral", printed, 30.11.1907 - "Die Wahl", printed, o.D. - "Die Wahl", printed, February 1907 - "À vous, Allemands", printed, o.D. - "Die neue politische Saison" by Dr. Heinrich Hutter, printed, 30.11.1907 - "Wahl und Moral", printed, 30.11., February 1907 - "Parliamentarism", printed, o.D. - "Old Chinese Poetry", printed, December 1907 - "The New Problem", printed, September 1907 - "The New Crisis" by Dr. Heinrich Hutter, printed, September 1907 - "The New Crisis" by Dr. Heinrich Hutter, printed, September 1907, 21.1.1908 - "Anti-Prussian sausage-likeness", printed, 4.2.1908 - "Imperial incidents", printed, 1.5.1908 - Speech at the regional election in Frankfurt, printed, 4.2.1908 - "Imperial incidents", printed, 1.5.1908 - Speech at the regional election in Frankfurt, printed, 1.5.1908 - Speech at the regional election in Frankfurt, printed.., 28.5.1908 - "Party Merger", printed, 2.6.1908 - "Asia", printed, 18.8.1908 - "The Moltke Case" by Schücking, printed, August 1908 - "The Interparliamentary Conference" printed, 2.6.1908 - "Asia", printed, 18.8.1908 - "The Moltke Case" by Schücking, printed, August 1908 - "The Interparliamentary Conference" printed, 2.6.1908 - "Asia", printed, 18.8.1908 - "The Moltke Case" by Schücking, printed, August 1908 - "The Interparliamentary Conference" printed, 2.6.1908 -, 2.10.1908 - " Congress?", printed, 16.10.1908 - "Alsatian", printed, November 1908 - Speech to the Daily Telgraph interview, printed, 12.11.1908 - "Before the end of the crisis", printed, 14.11.1908 - Speech in Tübingen "Zur innerpolitischen Lage", printed, 24.11.1908 - "Und nun?", printed, December 1908 - "Anno 1908", printed, 2.1.1909 - "König Eduard in Berlin", printed, 2.2.1909 - "The Renewal of Turkey and the Clumsiness of Europe", printed, 1909 - "The Conservative Leadership" by Dr. Heinrich Hutter, printed, 2.3.1909 - "After the Morocco Agreement", mechanical.., Spring 1909 - Easter article for the Neue Freie Presse Vienna, mechanical, 1909 - "Der Kriegslärm", printed, 1.4.1909 - "Die Finanzmisere", printed, 16.4.1909 - "Bülow am Scheideweg", printed, 1909 - "Geheime Universitätsreserve und Universitätsagenten" by Heinrich Hutter, printed, 1.10.1909 - "In the Air", printed, 4.10.1909 - "Der Parteiitag der Deutschen Volkspartei", by Heinrich Hutter, printed, 15.10.1909 - "Reichstagsbrief", printed, 15.12.1909 - "Die Aufgaben des fünfundes Kanzlers", printed, 19.12.1909 - Open Letter to August Bebel, handschr.

The file delivery of the Central Office for Trade and Commerce in Stuttgart. Von Walter Grube: The Königlich Württembergische Zentralstelle für Gewerbe und Handel (Royal Württemberg Central Office for Trade and Commerce) has assumed a particularly prestigious position among the authorities that the German states created for their economic administration in the 19th century. It originated as a state college under the Ministry of the Interior in the same revolutionary year of 1848, in which Prussia, Austria and Bavaria established special trade ministries; the notoriously thrifty Württemberg did not know its own ministry for economic affairs until the end of the monarchy, as Baden had in its trade ministry in 1860-1881. Nevertheless, the "Central Office", above all under the leadership of the great Ferdinand von Steinbeis (1856-1880), was successful in economic policy, which, in addition to the achievements of the ministries of trade and commerce of other countries, was quite impressive. It was thanks to the work of the Central Office that Württemberg, which was poor in raw materials, technically still lagging behind, and had unfavorable transport connections, soon became the actual state of state trade promotion, from which people for a long time tried eagerly to learn, not only in Germany. The Central Office played a decisive role in the restructuring of the Württemberg economic structure in the age of the Industrial Revolution. The historian of her first heyday in 1875 has divided her versatile field of activity into the following groups: 1. "Consultative services" in legislative and administrative matters: trade, customs, trade, banking and building legislation, coinage, measure and weight, commercial security police, iron and salt extraction, transport, taxation and more.a.; 2. teaching activities: trade schools, travelling teachers, trade training workshops, model and teaching material collection, trade model store, library, journalistic work, associations; 3. "Direct influence on commercial activity": markets, trade fairs, stock exchanges, exports, foreign commercial agencies; 4. direct influence on commercial activity": support with capital and technical suggestions for all branches of industry; 5. regimental activity" mainly as a state patent office, state exhibition commission, central authority for chambers of commerce and industry, state calibration authority and in the administration of commercial foundations. Among these activities, in the country conscious of its school tradition, "instructive work" has always rightly been regarded as a special glorious page of the Central Office; the Protestant Prelate Merz once called it a "jewel of Württemberg". Not least due to the educational work of the central office and the commission for the commercial further training schools founded in 1853, a down-to-earth tribe of recognised skilled workers grew from day labourers, small farmers' and vineyard gardeners' sons, from guilt-bound master craftsmen and a poorly developed trading class of that highly qualified entrepreneurship which, in addition to the broad stratum of vital small and medium-sized enterprises characteristic of Württemberg, has created many a company of world renown. The far-sighted way in which the Central Office, overcoming some resistance, drove trade promotion and economic policy in general at that time was still noticeable in its effects up to the crisis resistance of the Württemberg economy, which was widespread and much envied in the thirties of our century.After the state revolution of 1918 had also given Württemberg its own ministries for the economy (Labour Ministry and Food Ministry, 1926 united to form the Economics Ministry), the Central Office for Trade and Commerce was reorganised by decree of the State Ministry of 30 November 1920 under new distribution of responsibilities to the State Trade Office. For the organization of the state economic administration, this was not as revolutionary as the founding of the Central Office, with which a completely new epoch of Württemberg industrial history had begun. But the reorganization was more far-reaching than the repeated renewal of the "Basic Provisions" of 1848, through which the Central Office had repeatedly adapted itself to the changes in economic life and in the relationship between the state and the economy in the course of its seventy-year history. The Central Office, the creation of the revolution of 1848, thus underwent its strongest transformation to date through the revolution of 1918. As one can easily understand, the precipitation of files from the Central Office represents a unique source in the state sector for the economic history of Württemberg in the years 1848-1920. In addition, the Central Office had taken over not inconsiderable files of older semi-private institutions founded or sponsored by the state, such as the "Gesellschaft für Beförderung der Gewerbe" (Society for the Promotion of Trade) founded in 1830 and the "Handels- und Gewerbsverein" (Trade and Trade Association) founded in 1819, and later partly also the "Zentralstelle des landwirtschaftlichen Vereins" (Central Office of the Agricultural Association) established in 1817. The registry of the Stuttgart Central Office for Trade and Commerce in 1920, when it was transformed into the State Trade Office, contained the relevant records of a full century. The Central Office, like the majority of the 19th century ministries and state resource authorities, has not exercised little care in its registry. The first registry plan of the newly founded authority, which was first provisionally housed in the building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, was drafted in 1850 by Reinhardt's secretary, a booklet of only 37 pages; it remained in force throughout the Steinbeis era until the early eighties. The files taken over immediately in 1848 by the Gewerbeförderungsgesellschaft and the Handels- und Gewerbeverein were incorporated into the individual departments of the registry in 1850. The same procedure was followed when, in 1882, on the occasion of the reorganization of the registry of the Central Office for Agriculture, the previous files of the Central Office of the Agricultural Association had been handed over to the association, as well as again in 1888, when papers from the estate of the well-known national economist Moriz Mohl were handed over to the association. In 1869 a separate room had to be set up for the registry, which until then had been housed in the only chancellery room, and the three "full-grafted" file shelves had to be increased by two new ones. In 1883, not long after the Director (and later President) Robert von Gupp took office, a fundamental reorganization of the further swollen registry overflowing into the corridors and attic had become indispensable. The work was transferred by the Ministry of the Interior to the civil servant Heberle of the Oberamt Schwäbisch Hall, since it could not be handled by the few civil servants of the central office, and was only completed after three years. The new registry plan drawn up by Heberle, now already a volume of 200 pages, has been preserved, while his repertory, four times as extensive, unfortunately did not come to us. For the first time, Heberle systematically separated the current registry (then 1109 fascicles) from the old registry (then 1242 fascicles). On the occasion of these works also the first file cassations of considerable size took place (about 180 fascicles and volumes). The surviving elimination lists show that this was done conscientiously and that there was probably very little collected, which would be of interest to the economic historian today. The order created in 1883-85 has survived the relocation of the central office to the new magnificent building of the Stuttgart State Trade Museum in 1896; even today, a large part of the files can be found in the fascicles formed and inscribed by Heberle. In the new building, in 1901-1902, the old registry, which had already grown into a proper official archive, could be separated and appropriately furnished in the attic. In 1905-1908, Obersekretär Hauser produced a new file plan of 800 pages for old and current registries, using but also improving the Heberleschen order, which was in use until the reorganization of the Central Office in 1920 and has fortunately been preserved. The fact that substantial parts of it then fell victim to the bombs of the Second World War is one of the most sensitive source losses for research. All files of the Central Office, which had been sent to the Ministry of Economy by the State Trade Office in the wake of the organisational changes of 1920, were burnt with the Ministry of Economy, including valuable files on chambers of commerce, trade contracts and customs 1819-1870 as well as on railways 1857-1913. Apart from the ruinous remains, all files of the Central Office that were still in the possession of the Stuttgart State Trade Office during the Second World War have also been destroyed, including not only extensive material from the first two decades of the 20th century, which was still curious at the time, but also some departments dating back a long way, some of which still had files from the "Gesellschaft für Beförderung der Gewerbe" (1830-1848) and its predecessors. These were once two larger deliveries by the Stuttgart State Trade Office from 1930 and 1939, a total of about 40 m (today inventory E 170), and the files of the Patent Commission of the Central Office, which were handed over by the Reich Patent Office in 1939 and which, according to the German Patent Law of 25 January 1877, were not available for inspection. The first volume was sent to Berlin in May 1877 (Reichsgesetzblatt pp. 501ff.) (11 m, today stock E 170a), and finally 60 volumes of invoices from the Zentralstelle (1848/49-1908/09, 2 m), which the Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg had taken over in 1921 with the invoice section of the former Finanzarchiv (today stock E 224a). The existing registry aids, administrative repertories, handover and elimination directories no longer allow even a rough percentage to be given today of how the volume of this rescued document (a total of 53 linear metres) relates to that of the lost document. But on the basis of Hauser's file plan of the Central Office from 1905-1908 at least the larger and for research most perceptible gaps in the inventory handed down to us can be determined. For example, most of the minutes of the meetings are missing, the files on the well-known Stuttgart State Trade Museum (the second oldest in Europe) and those on the Information Centre for the Construction Industry; in addition to the diaries, the once demonstrably existing files on the large library of the Central Office - the most important of Germany's trade libraries -, on social insurance, industrial legal protection, building legislation, traffic with foodstuffs, luxury foods and utensils have been completely lost. Despite these and other gaps, the preserved files of the Central Office and its predecessors still represent an invaluable source for the economic history of the Württemberg royal period. It is well known that the records of the commercial enterprises, most of which grew out of small businesses, are often extremely incomplete and not easily accessible for general use; the valuable archives of the Stuttgart and Ulm Chambers of Commerce were almost completely destroyed by the Second World War. The central tradition of state industrial promotion thus offers not only the only opportunity to explore the great transformation process of the 19th century as a whole; it is also widely the only source both of the history of hundreds of individual enterprises and of the emergence of economic self-government. This source was already not completely unused. But for a long time, the partially quite inadequate degree of their development prohibited the real exploitation of them. Only the annual accounts of the Central Office (in inventory E 224a) did not require any special expenditure for archival finding aids. In chronological order, you will find detailed evidence of all measures for industrial education and support for trade, of each "sending experts abroad and appointing tradesmen from the same field" (as one of the invoice headings reads), of the purchase of models, drawings, samples, sample tools, machines and inventions, of exhibitions and prize distributions, of the introduction of new branches of industry and the upgrading of existing ones, of the promotion of the sale of goods, of trade associations and craftsmen, and finally of expenditure on fundamental studies of industrial development. Anyone looking for individual companies or persons in the accounts must of course, in order to reach their goal quickly, already be aware of the vintages in question, and must also be content with the fact that 19th century accounts, less informative than some from earlier times, essentially give facts and only rarely motives.In 1949, the State Archives Ludwigsburg was able to complete a hand-written archive repertory for the patent files of the Central Office (fonds E 170a), which had been taken over in 1939 without any index, during the executive board of the then Oberarchivrat Dr. Max Miller. In two volumes (with together more than 1000 pages) it lists the protocols of the patent commission and some general files as well as the chronologically arranged special files on all Württemberg patents examined by the central office in the years 1848-1877 (with name index). In addition, for the years 1841 to 1848, it makes accessible the relevant preparatory files of the Central Office of the Agricultural Association, which was responsible for the patent system at that time, characteristic of the Biedermeier view of commercial economy. The collection, easily accessible since 1949 (a total of 2373 tufts), contains patent files of Swabian inventors (e.g. Daimler, Max Eyth, Magirus, Gebrüder Mauser and Friedrich Voith) as well as numerous patent applications of non-Württembergians (from the rest of Germany, from other European countries and from America), all in all quite considerable documents for the history of technology. It proved to be more difficult for the archive administration to catalog the even more important and far more extensive file deliveries of the Landesgewerbeamt of 1930 and 1939, the first of which is already listed in K.O. Müller's printed "Gesamübersicht" of 1937 (fonds E 170). In the research service of the State Archives, especially since the Second World War, there have been repeated attempts to use these files for surveys of company histories and anniversaries. But the scarcity of the summary handover lists made this an always time-consuming and often unsuccessful effort. Even the question of individual facts and data could embarrass the archivist; there was absolutely no question of a systematic evaluation of the holdings for the economic and social history, which is becoming more and more important from year to year. Paul Gehring's important essays on Württemberg economic history in the 19th century had to be written without the use of these files, especially under the difficult working conditions of the war and post-war years. Under these circumstances, the production of a scientifically useful repertory became an urgent desideratum of both administration and research. Fortunately, in 1958, the efforts of State Archives Director Dr. Max Miller to obtain funds from the State Trade Office of Baden-Württemberg for the temporary employment of a legally and economically trained processor of these trade and commercial files were successful. The typewritten repertory E 170 comprises three state folio volumes of almost 1000 pages and, restored according to the Hauser file plan from 1905-1908, makes the holdings usable right down to their finest ramifications. Some of it certainly is of predominantly regional or even only local historical interest. But much of it shows in surprisingly rich detail how systematically the Central Office used the experiences and models of the then technically and socially advanced German and non-German states (above all Belgium and England) to raise the Württemberg economy. There are numerous files on the secondment of entrepreneurs, technicians and craftsmen abroad for technical and artistic training, on experiments with foreign machines and production processes, on the appointment of foreign specialists, on participation in major international exhibitions from Paris and London to Philadelphia and Melbourne. Thus, the collection of files shows the way in which a 19th-century German middle-class state developed its craft with comparatively modest but skilfully invested financial expenditures and helped its industry to become internationally competitive. At the goal of this way stood, that was the specifically Württemberg of a gemeindeutschen procedure per se, a quality industry of large variety and healthy decentralization. The typewritten finding aid was provided by Rudolf Denk, Walter Grube and Wolfgang Schmierer (completion 1969). Note: This finding aid book is a repertory which has been available only in typewritten form up to now and which has been converted into a database-supported and thus online-capable format according to a procedure developed by the "Working Group on Retroconversion in the State Archives Ludwigsburg". This can lead to a certain discrepancy between the modern external appearance and the today partly outdated design and wording of the title records, in particular:- corrections, deletions and supplements were checked and incorporated.- The title records of archive units found to be missing were taken over and provided with a corresponding note ("Missing since ...." or similar).- If the allocation of new order numbers was unavoidable, the old signature was verified in the respective title record and in a separate overall concordance.

Contains: - Censur book of the Gymnasium Nordhausen for the pupil H. Schnee; - letter of the boy H. to an uncle about his Christmas presents; - matriculation certificate; - certificate of studies and customs of the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; - certificate of qualification after completion of the one-year voluntary service obligation; - certificate of leadership of the Inf.-Rgts. No 85; - leaving certificate of the Christian-Albrecht-Universität Kiel; - leaving certificate of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin; - legal examination task of the Oberlandesgericht Naumburg; - examination certificate of the OLG Naumburg; - appointment as trainee lawyer at the OLG; - transfer from Naumburg to the Landgericht Nordhausen; - doctor's diploma; - appointment as Reg.Ref. at RP Erfurt; - Patent as Secondlieutenant; - Appointment as Reg. Assessor; - Appointment to the Foreign Office, Colonial Department; - Certificate of the AA for a monthly renumeration of M 180,--; - Certificate of the AA for an increase of the renumeration to M 210,--; - Comm. Judge in the Bismarck Archipelago; - Appointed Deputy Governor in Herbertshöhe; - Appointed Speaker and Judge in Apia; - AA passport to travel to Apia; - Appointed Deputy Governor Dr Solf; - Invited to return to Germany; - Awarded Landwehr Service Badge to Lieutenant Schnee; - Stayed in Apia because of introduction of German real estate law for Samoa; - Awarded Red Eagle Order 4. Kl.; employment in the Colonial Department of the Foreign Office, Berlin; - appointment to the Legation Council; - appointment to the Advisory Board for Colonial Affairs at the Embassy in London; - travel passport of the AA for relocation to London; - appointment to the Personnel Department of the Colonial Department, Berlin, Berlin; - Lecturer at the Seminar for Oriental Languages, Berlin; - Appointed to the Effective Legation Council and Lecturer Council; - Transfer to the R e i c h s c h - K o l o n i a l a m t; - Directorial business at the R e i c h s k o l o n i a l a m t; - Award of the commemorative coin on the occasion of the uprising in Southwest Africa, 1907; - Award of the 3rd Crown Order Kl.; - Appointment as Commissioner of the R e i c h s k o l o n i a l a m t for the Colonial Institute in Hamburg; - Certificate of Appointment to the Privy Upper Government Council; - Award of the Red Eagle Order 3. Kl.; - approval of the farewell for Lieutenant Schnee; - appointment as director with the rank of a council 1st Kl.; - appointment as deputy authorized representative at the Federal Council; - appointment as governor of D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a; - travel passport of the expatriate; - appointment as deputy authorized representative at the Federal Council; - appointment as deputy authorized representative at the Federal Council; - appointment as deputy authorized representative at the Federal Council; - appointment as deputy deputy authorized representative; - appointment as deputy deputy deputy deputy deputy deputy deputy deputy deputy deputy deputy deputy deputy deputy deputy. The colonial commemorative coin was awarded to the colonial minister Dr. Bell on Schnee: Mrs. Ada Schnee was not allowed to travel with her to Paris for the peace negotiations; - Certificate of possession for the colonial badge.

History of the Inventory Designer: Ambassadors in Moscow, Tokyo and London citation style: BArch, N 2049/...

The part in the district archives from the estate of the German colonial pioneer Carl Peters, who acquired the core area of the later "D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a", was mainly compiled by his wife Thea née Herbers and enriched by copies and transcripts from the Federal Archives Koblenz and the then Central State Archives Potsdam as well as by materials from the Berninghaus family - Asta Berninghaus was a sister of Thea Peters. At the beginning of the 1950s the collection came into the possession of the archives of Altena Castle. In eight boxes, the estate contains documents, correspondence and newspaper clippings, most of which relate to the disciplinary proceedings and insults brought by the colonial politician. In addition to these documents there are photos and personal belongings. In addition, the collection was supplemented by books and essays on colonial topics, in particular by and about Carl Peters. The indexing was done in 1990 by the trainee Elke Röscher. Biography: - 27.11.1856 born as son of a pastor in Neuhaus a. d. Elbe - studies in Göttingen, Tübingen and Berlin - 1879 doctorate in history - 1880 Oberlehrerexamen in history and geography - since 1881 stay in London, occupation with the English colonial politics and administration - 1883 return to Berlin - 28.03.1884 Carl Peters founds the "Society for German Colonization" - September 1884 departure for East Africa, in the same year conclusion of colonial contracts with the chiefs of Useguna, Uguru, Usagara and Ukami - 12.02.1885 foundation of the DOAG ("Deutsch-Ostafrikanische Gesellschaft") - 27.02.1885 signing of the first colonial letter of protection by Wilhelm I. for the area acquired by Peters - March 1889 to August 1890 expedition to liberate Emin Pasha, conclusion of further contracts in Africa - 01.07.1890 Helgoland-Sansibar-contract - 1891 dispatch as Imperial Imperial Commissioner at the disposal of East Africa - 1992 cooperation in the German-English border regulation in East Africa - 03.05.1894 Appointment to the statutory "commissioner" - 13. to 16.03.1896 colonial debate of the Reichstag, attack Bebels against Peters, soon afterwards move to London, journalistic activity, foundation of a business enterprise - 24.04./15.11.1897 disciplinary judgements against Carl Peters for misconduct towards natives: Dismissal from the Reichsdienst (legal consequences of the verdict were reversed in 1937 by Hitler in favor of Peters' widow) - 1899-1911 Trips to South Africa: Managing Director of the Carl Peters Estates Company - 1905 pardon from Kaiser Wilhelm II.Peters gets back the title "Reichskommissar" - 1907-1909 various insult suits especially against editors of social democratic newspapers - 1909 marriage with Thea Herbers - 1914 Carl Peters is granted his pension by grace - 10.09.1918 died in Waltorf near Peine

1 On the biography of Prince Ernst II of Hohenlohe-Langenburg: Hereditary Prince Ernst Wilhelm Friedrich Karl Maximilian of Hohenlohe-Langenburg - hereinafter called "Ernst II" in distinction to his grandfather Ernst - was born on 13 September 1863 in Langenburg as the son of Princess Leopoldine, born Princess of Baden, and Prince Hermann of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. He spent his school time in Karlsruhe, his mother's home town, at the Grand Ducal Gymnasium, which he left after graduating from high school in 1881. He then studied law as part of a contemporary university tour which took him to Paris, Bonn, Tübingen and Leipzig between 1881 and 1884. In 1885 Ernst II took his first legal exam at the Higher Regional Court in Naumburg a. d. Saale and during his military officer training at the 2nd Garde-Dragonerregiment in Berlin-Lichterfelde in the years 1886-1889 he also used the available time for extensive social activities at the courts of Emperor Wilhelm I and his son Friedrich. After completing his training, Ernst II advanced in the military hierarchy to lieutenant-colonel á la suite of the army (1914). The hereditary prince then aspired to a career in the Foreign Office, for which he first used one of his frequent stays in London in 1889 as a kind of private 'apprenticeship' at the German embassy. Queen Victoria was a great-aunt of Ernst II, so that he could always move at the highest social level. In 1890-1891 he passed his diplomatic exam and then took up a position as 3rd secretary in the embassy in St. Petersburg. Already in 1892 Ernst II achieved his transfer to London with the help of his father, who had enough influence as governor of Alsace-Lorraine, where he served as 3rd embassy secretary until 1894. In this year the hereditary prince Prince Hermann followed to Strasbourg to work as legation secretary of the ministry for the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine. In 1896 Ernst II married his cousin of the 3rd degree Alexandra (1878-1942), a princess from the British royal family, whose father Duke Alfred of Edinburgh had taken over the Thuringian Duchy of Saxony-Coburg and Gotha three years earlier. Together with his wife and the offspring who soon followed - Gottfried, Marie Melita, Alexandra, Irma and Alfred, who died shortly after his birth - Gottfried, Marie Melita, Alexandra and Irma moved his centre of life to Langenburg and finally left the diplomatic corps in 1897. He had begun to establish himself in his role as heir when, after the unexpected death of Alexandra's brother Alfred (1899), the open question of succession in Saxony-Coburg and Gotha required a settlement. Ernst II was assigned as regent and guardian for the new, still youthful Duke Carl Eduard, a task he took over in 1900 after the death of his father-in-law, so that he now stood for 5 years at the head of a German principality. After the end of the regency, during which he had acquired the goodwill of his Thuringian subjects through a liberal attitude, Emperor Wilhelm II, his 3rd cousin, gave him the prospect of a position as State Secretary and appointed him in 1905 provisional head of the Colonial Department in the A u s w ä r t i g e s A m t , which was to be upgraded to his own R e i c h s k o l o n i a l a m t . But because of internal quarrels and the resistance in the Reichstag against the financing of the new authority, the hereditary prince had to take his hat off again in 1906. The following year Ernst II returned to the political stage as a member of the Reichstag for the constituency of Gotha, in which he had run as a representative of the bourgeois parties against the SPD. As a guest student of the parliamentary group of the German Reich Party, he sometimes appeared with speeches in the plenum, but everyday parliamentary work remained largely alien to him. As a result of a special political constellation in the Reichstag, Ernst II nevertheless managed to be elected vice-president of parliament in 1909 as a compromise candidate for the right-wing conservative camp. But he was not able to carry out this task for long either, because he did not want to come to terms with the conventions of parliamentary debates. As early as 1910 he used the anti-Protestant "Borromeo encyclical" of Pope Pius X to resign from his office in protest, albeit at the price of no longer being able to play a political role at the national level in the future. In 1913 Prince Hermann zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg died and his son took over the noble inheritance, which also included the county of Gleichen in Thuringia. Ernst II successfully compensated for the loss of leading political offices through his increased commitment to social forces, which rather worked in the background: first and foremost the Protestant Church, the Order of St John and the Red Cross. Within these institutions he held important and influential positions at local and state level, through which - in conjunction with his memberships in numerous associations and federations - he was able to cultivate a broad network of correspondents from noble, political, scientific, ecclesiastical and cultural circles.As commentator of the Württembergisch-Badenschen Genossenschaft des Johanniterordens and honorary president of the Württembergischer Landesverbandes vom Roten Kreuz it was obvious for Ernst II not to strive for a position with the fighting troops, but in the organization of voluntary nursing at the outbreak of the First World War. After a short period as a delegate for each stage in Berlin and on the western front, he was appointed at the end of 1914 as the general delegate for voluntary nursing care for the eastern theater of war, so that he spent the longest period of the war in the eastern headquarters - among others in the vicinity of Field Marshal von Hindenburg. In 1918 he was finally promoted to the highest representative of his organization, the Imperial Commissioner and Military Inspector, and in this function he led, among other things, the German delegation to prisoner of war exchange negotiations with the USA in Bern. Here he benefited from his diplomatic experience, which the emperor had already drawn on in 1915, when he sent the prince to Constantinople and the Balkans as a special ambassador. After the end of the war, Ernst II resigned his high office in nursing and devoted himself again to his church and association activities. He paid special attention to the Protestant Commission for Württemberg, for which he acted as chairman of the Gerabronn district and the Langenburg local group as well as delegate in the regional committee. While the unification of the Protestant regional churches in the German Reich had already been of great concern to him as a Thuringian regent, in the 1920s and 30s he continued to campaign for the Protestant cause at church congresses and church assemblies in Württemberg and at Reich level. In 1926 the Langenburg prince was also appointed senior citizen of the Hohenlohe House, and in the same year he was elected governor of the Balley Brandenburg, i.e. the second man of the Order of St John in the Empire. During National Socialism, Ernst II, as in republican times, stayed away from political offices, especially as he was of an advanced age. From 1936 he invested a large part of his energy in the endeavour to have the Langenburg ancestral estate recognised as an inheritance court and also took care of the publication of his correspondence with the widow composer Cosima Wagner. 11 December 1950 Prince Ernst II died very old in Langenburg, where he was also buried. 2. inventory history, inventory structure and distortion: Before distortion, the estate was in a relatively heterogeneous state, which was due to an inconsistent way of transmission and multiple processing approaches. During the fire at Langenburg Castle in 1963 and the associated temporary relocation of documents within the building complex, the original order probably suffered its first damage, which was intensified in the subsequent period in the course of the transfer of Langenburg archives to Neuenstein. Probably the estate was torn apart and transferred to the central archive in several parts that could no longer be reconstructed in detail. At the latest during the administrative work carried out there in the 1960s under Karl Schumm, the written remains of Ernst II were mixed with other files from Langenburg. Further parts of the estate may also have arrived in Neuenstein in the following decade. Building on the gradually implemented provenance delimitation of the Langenburg archival records, a rough pre-drawing of the estate could be tackled in the early 1980s, but this was not completed. A last addition from the family archives was made to the now formed holdings in 1992 by the delivery of Ernst-related files, most of which had originated in the Langenburg authorities, in particular the domain chancellery.Ernst II regulated his correspondence with the help of registrar-like notes, which he usually affixed directly to the incoming documents. It contained information on the date, recipients and content of the replies and other written reactions. He also noted instructions to his administration and often complete drafts of letters on the incoming mail. In addition, the testator himself already arranged and sorted his documents further by forming units oriented to factual topics and correspondence partners and providing them with notes in the sense of a file title along with its running time. In general, he attached the notes to envelopes of different sizes, most of them used, which served as packaging or were enclosed with the files. Over the decades, Ernst seems to have repeatedly tackled such disciplinary measures, which had a long tradition in the family, without, however, being able to recognize a stringently maintained pattern. Only the rough distinction between factual and correspondence files formed a perceptible red thread, which was also observed in the current distortion. However, it must be taken into account that even in the fascicles formed according to subject criteria, parts of correspondence are often found, only compiled on a specific topic. Although this leads to overlaps with the correspondence series, the fact files were largely left as such and only slightly thinned out with regard to the correspondence partners, since they are mostly units that are comprehensible in terms of content and partly rich in content. While the 'file titles' created by Ernst II normally largely corresponded with the content of the fascicles, it must be noted for the following indexing approaches, also and especially for the preliminary indexing in the 1980s, that the names, dates and subjects noted on archive covers often deviated from the actual content and could hardly be used for the current indexing. The situation was aggravated by the fact that the mixing with files of foreign provenance - including the estates of Ernst's father Hermann and his wife Alexandra as well as the domain chancellery and court administration - could never be completely eliminated and therefore numerous individual files had to be sorted out in the course of the current processing. However, this separation of provenances was not implemented consistently in every respect, but in particular files from the Langenburg and Coburg-Gotha administration, which refer directly to Ernst II, were left in existence; the official records usually differ from the actual estate in the outward appearance in the form of differently coloured folders with file titles, running times and file numbers. Furthermore 2 fascicles on the death of Ernst II and at the end of his reign in Saxony-Coburg and Gotha come from the estates of Ernst's children Gottfried and Alexandra. A special case is Ernst's correspondence with Cosima Wagner, which is kept entirely in Neuenstein, so that not only the letters received from the deceased, but also the letters to the composer's wife (Ernst, his mother Leopoldine and his cousin Max von Baden), stored in bound folders, were recorded as part of the princely estate (see 4.).Thus, the newly registered estate represents an inventory enriched with personal material. In addition, it is to be expected that there will still be isolated files from the estates of relatives whose origin could no longer be clearly clarified (e.g. loose individual pages or fascicles which refer to festive events without naming an addressee or previous owner), apart from the principle of retaining the original separation of factual and correspondence files, massive interventions had to be made in the formation and titling of the fascicles. In many cases, due to later order work, mixing within the fascicles and unclear new file formations had occurred, otherwise about a quarter of the holdings proved to be largely unordered. Even the rather ad hoc sorting carried out by Ernst II himself did not follow any kind of 'file plan', so that content overlaps and repetitions were the order of the day. Therefore, in the course of the current distortion, fascicles were repeatedly reshaped or newly formed under consideration of either thematic or corresponding criteria. The extraction of individual documents for assignment to other fascicles was generally documented by enclosed notes. Individual photographs and photo series with illustrations of Ernst II. were separated and formed into a separate 'photo collection' (see 5.), and in order to provide a better orientation for the user, the find book of most of Ernst II.'s relatives shows the degree of kinship to the deceased in square brackets in the appropriate places.The collection La 142, Nachlass Fürst Ernst II., was arranged and recorded from June to December 2004 by archivist Thomas Kreutzer within the framework of a project sponsored by the Kulturstiftung Baden-Württemberg. It covers 19.4 running meters. Files and volumes in 927 units with a running time of (1845-) 1868-1951 (1959).Neuenstein, in April 2005Thomas Kreutzer 3. Note for use:: During the distortion, cross-references were made in the files that refer to the former bundle number - not to today's order number. To find the corresponding fascicles, the concordance has to be used.Concordance earlier - today's tuft number: 4. Literature:: Heinz Gollwitzer, The Lords of Stand. Die politische und gesellschaftliche Stellung der Mediatisierten 1815-1918. Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Sozialgeschichte, Göttingen 1964, bes. S. 244-253.Maria Keipert/Peter Grupp (Ed.), Biographisches Handbuch des deutschen Auswärtigen Dienstes 1871-1945, Vol. 2, Paderborn et al. 2005, S. 344f.Thomas Kreutzer, Protestantische Adligkeit nach dem Kollbruch - Die kirchliche, karitative und politische Verbandstätigkeit von Ernst II. Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg between 1918 and 1945, in: Nobility and National Socialism in the German Southwest. Edited by Haus der Geschichte Baden-Württemberg in conjunction with the State Capital Stuttgart (Stuttgart Symposium, Series 11), Leinfelden-Echterdingen 2007, pp. 42-82 Thomas Nicklas, Ernst II. Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. Standesherr, Regent, Diplomat im Kaiserreich (1863-1950), in: Gerhard Taddey (ed.), Lebensbilder aus Baden-Württemberg, Vol. 21, Stuttgart 2005, pp. 362-383.Frank Raberg (ed.), Biographisches Handbuch der württembergischen Landtagsabgeordneten 1815-1933 (Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg), Stuttgart 2001, pp. 381f.Karina Urbach, Diplomat, Höfling, Verbandsfunktionär. Süddeutsche Standesherren 1880-1945, in: Günther Schulz/ Markus A. Denzel (ed.), German nobility in the 19th and 20th centuries, St. Katharinen 2004, pp. 354-375 Karina Urbach, Zwischen Aktion und Reaktion. The Southern German Class Lords and the First World War, in: Eckart Conze/ Monika Wienfort (ed.), Adel und Moderne. Germany in European Comparison in the 19th and 20th Centuries, Cologne 2004, pp. 323-351.Freie Deutsche Presse Coburg, 30.12.1950 (obituary).Hohenloher Zeitung, [after 11.12.]1950 (obituary).further materials:La 95 Domänenkanzlei LangenburgLa 102 Fürstliche HofverwaltungLa 143 Nachlass Fürstin Alexandra zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg

Excerpts on the psychology of peoples, especially on the law in antiquity and with different primitive peoples. Excerpted treatises in detail:1.) Malinowski: The family among the Australian aborigines. London, 1913 [p. 1-41];2.) Stuhlmann: With Emin Pasha into the heart of Africa. Berlin: Reimer, 1894 [p. 43-96];3.) several essays by Kohlers in the Zeitschrift für vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft on Burmese, ancient, Celtic, Togolese and Melanesian law [p. 97-127];4.) Bernhöft: Marriage and inheritance law of the Greek heroic period. An article on the prehistory of European family law, in: Zeitschrift für vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft 11 (1896), p. 321-364 [p. 128-138].at the end of the notebook [p. 144-145] is a table of contents of the preceding excerpts.parts of the records are processed in later works of Wundts, e.g. possibly in:Wilhelm Wundt: Völkerpsychologie: eine Untersuchung der Entwicklungsgesetze von Sprache, Mythus und Sitte. Volume 9: The Law. Leipzig: Kröner, 1918.

Contains: Correspondence of Ernst II with Imperial Chancellor Prince Bernhard von Bülow and King Edward VII of Great Britain [uncle 3rd degree].

Contains above all: Representation of the family history from about 1798 to the death of Karl Scheurlen in 1872, by Ernst von Scheurlen (handschr.) occasional poems by Karl Scheurlen, 1862 - 1867 pictures and photos - of the following persons: Johann Friedrich Flander, Benjamin Friedrich Pfizer (grandfather or great-grandfather), Friedrich Notter, Paul Pfizer MdL, Charlotte Scheurlen née Pfizer (1802-1860, mother or grandmother), Charlotte Scheurlen with Karl and Eduard Scheurlen (brother or uncle), Dean Haab and wife (friends of the mother or uncle). Grandma), Friedrich Sonntag (Senior Bailiff in Pforzheim), Karl Scheurlen, Senior Public Prosecutor Eduard Scheurlen, Erich Kaufmann (Professor in Heilbronn), Prime Minister Hermann von Mittnacht as a student, Assessor of Senior Justice and Public Prosecutor, Imperial Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, Johanna von Bismarck, Ernst von Scheurlen and his siblings Marie, Fritz, Richard, Hermann and Otto as children, ambassador in London Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath with the wife of the Counsellor Prince von Bismarck née. Tengborn, Captain Krenzler in D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a, Bavarian Prime Minister von Dandl and Bavarian envoy in Berlin Graf Lerchenfeld, Vice Chancellor Friedrich von Payer, Württemberg envoy in Berlin Freiherr von Varnbüler and Württemberg Minister of Foreign Affairs Freiherr von Weizsäcker, Reich President Paul von Hindenburg and unidentified persons at the 1934 Reich Foundation Ceremony - the following motifs: Tomb of Karl Scheurlens and Karl Christian Friedrich Scheurlens (father and father, respectively). grandfather) in Stuttgart, tomb of Charlotte Scheurlen née Pfizer in Tübingen, tomb on the Stuttgart cemetery, various things from the sketchbooks I and II by Karl Scheurlen (mainly Motifs from history, student life and justice), drawing (by Karl Scheurlen?) to Uhlands poem "Siegfried's Sword", 3 sketches by Karl Scheurlen about a (not real) trip to America, pictures of a picture book by Karl Scheurlen for the Häcker family, folk festival in Bad Cannstatt 1871 to celebrate the silver wedding of King Karl and Queen Olga, tomb of the mother Katharine as well as the brothers and sisters Otto, Fritz und Marie Scheurlen, coloured title design by Karl Scheurlen for "Hänsel und Gretel", Christmas picture with angels and Christmas tree by Karl Scheurlen (design), armoured cruiser "Germany", naval school Flensburg, sculpture "Sportmädel", fire of the old castle in Stuttgart 1931 Contains also: Family tree of Hermann Karl Friedrich Freiherr von Mittnacht (unfinished) Photo of Bad Mergentheim, 1928 Menu card and seating plan of the banquet for the birthday of King Karl in the Ministry of the Interior, 1871 Menu card of the banquet for the birthday of King Wilhelm II. in the Ministry of the Interior, 1909 "Imbiß-Ordnung" (probably on the occasion of the festivities for the birthday of King Wilhelm II. 1909) postcard of Stendel to Ernst von Scheurlen from D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a, 1911 letter of Professor Dr. Max Schottelius to Ernst von Scheurlen concerning biological sewage treatment plants, 1912 congratulatory leaf of the Grenadier Regiment "Queen Olga" for the student fraternity Sueve-Borussia, 1912 newspaper article: "Der Berkheimer Hof bei Weilimdorf", o.D. "Dichtergräber auf den Stuttgarter Friedhöfen", o.D. "Freiherr von Mittnacht. On his 100th birthday, 17 March 1925", Schwäbischer Merkur of 14 March 1925 "Hoher Besuch beim Volksfest vor 70 Jahren", 1927 "Zum Stapellauf des Panzerschiffs 'Deutschland'", 1930

Administrative history: At the suggestion of Dr. jur. Friedrich Geffcken, Hamburg's business bearer in Berlin, the Hamburg Residence (cf. 132-5/1) was converted into a Hanseatic residence in 1859. Geffcken was appointed Hanseatic Prime Minister. When he took over the residence in London in 1866, he was replaced by the former Hanseatic envoy to the Bundestag and envoy on extraordinary mission in Copenhagen, Dr. Daniel Christian Friedrich Krüger (see co-owner of the company Lüb. GmbH 12/1906 page 119 - Estate in the archive Hansestadt Lübeck (list p. 745) G. Fink, Dr. Friedrich Krüger / Der Wagen, 1937, page 163 following with illustrations) as Ministerresident. At the same time, he was Lübeck's authorized representative and deputy authorized representative of Hamburg and Bremen to the Federal Council. In 1888 he received the title of extraordinary envoy and authorized minister. He was represented on various occasions by the Brunswick business bearer, Legation Councillor Dr. v. Liebe, who used to represent the Hamburg business bearer in the past, and later by the Lübeck Senator Dr. Karl Peter Klügmann, who was succeeded by Krüger after his death in 1896 in the same position he held last. He retired in 1913; he was replaced by Dr. Karl Sieveking, Senior Government Councillor and Deputy Representative of Alsace-Lorraine to the Federal Council. In contrast to his predecessors, he was only deputy representative to the Federal Council for all three cities. He was retired when the Hanseatic Legation was dissolved on 30 June 1920. Hamburg (cf. I 5 h) and Lübeck have since maintained their own legations in Berlin. With the conversion of his Hamburg residence into a Hanseatic residence, Geffcken ordered his registry in such a way that the files concerning group A before 1859, the files concerning more recent Hamburg matters concerning group B, the Bremen C files, the Lübecker D files and the files concerning Community matters concerning group E formed group A. Under Krüger, who also brought his archives from Copenhagen and Frankfurt with him to Berlin, the registry was reorganized according to factual aspects. Within the subject groups, a distinction was sometimes made between the three cities and those things which were common to all of them; do was an exception, and overall this plan of order did not include such an external division, which was also difficult to carry out in practice. From the Geffcke registry only a little was taken over into the new one, the rest was left as a reduced registry in its form. When Krüger died in 1896, it turned out that the registry, which had grown considerably in the meantime, had already become very confusing and had sometimes become disorganized. Heins, the registrar of the legation, was commissioned to conduct the sifting. He arranged them according to the existing directory and distinguished between Lübecker, Bremer, Hamburger and common things for each file title. The Lübeckers (parts from E III e, F III g 3, F VIII, J 35, M 4 and N 1) were then sent to the Lübeck archive, the Bremeners (parts from E III c, F III g 3, F VIII, J 35, N 1, O I f 1 and 2) to the Bremen archive, all the rest to Hamburg (Geffcken registry with expiration). of 02.05.1896, common things with expiration. of 29.05.1896, Hamburg things with expiration. of 01.06.1896), after Klügmann's suggestion to transfer the common things to Lübeck had not penetrated. In Hamburg, the latter should be carefully reviewed once again and distributed among the cities. But only the Lübeck archivist insisted on it, and so the common things were divided by Dr. Becker once again into the following groups: Hamburg, Hamburg and Lübeck, Hamburg and Bremen, Lübeck, Lübeck and Bremen, Bremen, common things, and in 1902 everything that Lübeck also concerned was sent to Lübeck. While the first splitting by Heins had already led to a rupture of the registry contexts, which was all the more absurd as much was obviously classified incorrectly, the second splitting carried out in Hamburg finally led to practically every second subject being searchable in both the Lübeck and Hamburg archives. Some fragments of this registry that remained in Berlin came to the Hamburg archives with the delivery of 26.09. and October 1913. The files still needed by Klügmann for the ongoing administration, on the other hand, formed the basis of a new registry set up by Heins in 1897, which was in use until the end of the legation. The main department "Reichs- und Bundesratssachen" (I) was divided into subject groups A-Z, the main department "Gesandtschaftssachen" (II) into the groups HG I-VII (I-XII originally planned), of which I-IV comprised common affairs of the legation, V Lübecker, VI Bremer and VII Hamburger. Apart from the groups HG V-VII, which were handed over to the respective cities, a system cannot be discerned in the delivery of the files of this registry to the three Hanseatic archives. The Hamburg State Archives received the following deliveries: 1. 22.07.1902, contains files of Hauptabteilung I, 2. 02.09.1904, contains files of Hauptabteilung I, 3. 20.10.1909, contains files of Hauptabteilung I, 4. 25.10.1910, contains files of Hauptabteilung I, 5. 11.02.1913, contains files of Hauptabteilung I, 6. 26.09.1913, contains files of Hauptabteilung I (in addition some pieces from the delivery of October 1913), 7. 22.07.1902, contains files of Hauptabteilung I, 2. 02.09.1904, contains files of Hauptabteilung I, 3. 20.10.1909, contains files of Hauptabteilung I, 4. 25.10.1910, contains files of Hauptabteilung I, 5. 11.02.1913, contains files of Hauptabteilung I, 6. 26.09.1913, contains files of Hauptabteilung I (in addition some pieces from the delivery of October 1913), 7. 07.01.1915, contains files from Department I, 8. 09.06.1916, contains files from Department I and II, 9. 07.07.1916, contains files from Department I, 10. 12.10.1916, contains files from Department I, 11. 28.09.1918, contains files from Department I and II, 12. 20.11.1919, contains files from Department I and II, 13. 29.06.1916. contains unsigned files. In the reorganisation of the archive, in the interest of easy usability of the torn holdings, the old registry scheme had to be retained, both for the older (until 1896) and for the newer registry (from 1896), as had been the case in Lübeck, where a complete repositioning under the signature "ad B 11 a 3 c 1" was carried out in Bremen. Until 1859, the Geffckenschen Registratur set up the files as an archive of the Hamburgische Residentur (I 5 f), the rest of the "Älteren Registratur" were incorporated. Occasionally necessary reassignments and rearrangements within the Older Registry are noted in the last column. There is also indicated, if there is something in the two other Hanseatic archives for the same process. (Bremen, however, only if it could be recognized despite the reorganization). The file titles not available in Hamburg are also listed; the consecutive number is then placed in brackets. The groups A II and J from the delivery of 01.06.1896 concerning Hamburg were missing in the reorganization of the Older Registry. Inventory description: The conversion of the Hamburg Residency into a Hanseatic Legation was carried out on the proposal of the Hamburg business bearer Dr. Geffcken 1859. The Hanseatic Legation was dissolved on 30.06.1920. Hamburg and Lübeck have since maintained their own agencies in Berlin. The present collection consists of two parts. The older registry essentially comprises the files kept until the death of Minister President Dr. Krüger in 1896. The registry in use in the Legation from 1897-1920 forms the core of the Newer Registry, which is divided into Reich and Federal Council matters and legation matters. The registry property was divided among the participating Hanseatic towns according to the issues involved. Common things have reached Hamburg and Lübeck. Therefore a strong fragmentation of the registry connections is given. The inventory shows which files or parts of files are located in Lübeck. (Ga)

Contains: 1st incoming letter, from Weisner, Strausberg, 03.06.1933 (2 sheets, hsl.); sheets 1r-2v 2nd outgoing letter, to C. Weiss, Berlin, 09.06.1933 (2 sheets, mschr.); sheets 3r-4r 3rd incoming letter, from Brecht´s Press

Contains: 1st incoming letter, by Th. Lieser, Berlin, 13.03.1928 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 1r 2nd outgoing letter (copy), to Th. Lieser, Berlin, 15.03.1928 (1 sheet, mschr.), mschr.); sheet 2r 3rd letter of receipt, by Th. Lieser, Berlin, 16.03.1928 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 3r 4th "Prehistory" [by Wilhelm von Wrangel?], n/a, n/a (2 sheets, mschr., hsl.); sheet 4r-5r 5. letter of receipt, by Carl Kikath, Berlin, 31.01.1928 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 6r 6. letter of receipt (copy), to Carl Kikath, Berlin, 04.02.1928 (2 sheets, mschr.); sheet 7r-8r 7. fragment of letter of receipt, by Unknown, o. O., o. D. (1 sheet, hsl.); sheet 9r 8. incoming letter, by Rudolf Rötter, Travemünde, 05.08.1925 (1 sheet, hsl.); sheet 10r-10v 9. incoming letter, by Rudolf Rötter, Travemünde, 06.08.1925 (1 sheet, hsl.); sheet 11r 10. outgoing letter (carbon copy), to A. Lamezan, Berlin, 17.08.1925 (1 sheet, hsl.), sheet 12r 11. letter of origin (carbon copy), to Zesch (Deutscher Schutzbund), Berlin, 28.07.1925 (1 sheet, carbon copy); sheet 13r 12. letter of origin (carbon copy), to Meissner, Berlin, 28.07.1925 (1 sheet, carbon copy), to Zesch (Deutscher Schutzbund), Berlin, 28.07.1925 (1 sheet, carbon copy); sheet 13r 12. letter of origin (carbon copy), to Meissner, Berlin, 28.07.1925 (1 sheet, carbon copy), sheet 14r 13th outgoing letter (carbon copy), to Hans Adam, Berlin, 28.07.1925 (1 sheet, carbon copy); sheet 15r 14th outgoing letter (carbon copy), to Rudolf Rötter, Berlin, 28.07.1925 (1 sheet, carbon copy), sheet 16r 15th outgoing letter (carbon copy), to Rudolf Rötter, Berlin, 28.08.1925 (1 sheet, carbon copy); sheet 17r 16th outgoing letter (carbon copy), to Rudolf Rötter, Berlin, 16.10.1925 (1 sheet, carbon copy); sheet 18r-18v 17th note about conversation with Baron Ro., o. O., o. D. (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 19r 18. letter of receipt, by Rudolf Rötter, Travemünde, 15.10.1925 (1 sheet, hsl.); sheet 20r-20v 19. letter of receipt, by Rudolf Rötter, Travemünde, 19.10.1925 (1 sheet, mschr.), hsl.); page 21r-21v 20th outgoing letter (carbon copy), to Rudolf Rötter, Berlin, 21.10.1925 (1 page, mschr.); page 22r 21st note concerning letter Dr. Schäfer, Berlin, 21.10.1925 (1 page, mschr., hsl.); page 23r 22nd outgoing letter (carbon copy), to Rudolf Rötter, Berlin, 01.10.1925 (1 page, mschr., hsl.); page 23r 22nd outgoing letter (carbon copy), to Rudolf Rötter, Berlin, 01.10.1925 (1 page, mschr., mschr.), mschr.); sheet 24r 23. outgoing letter (carbon copy), to Schäfer, Berlin, 16.10.1925 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 25r 24. incoming letter, from [illegible] to Fritz Klein, Badgastein, 15.09.1932 (3 sheets.); sheet 24r 24. outgoing letter, to Schäfer, Berlin, 16.10.1925 (1 sheet, mschr.), hsl.); sheets 26r-28v 25. letter of receipt, from Redlhammer, Scheveningen, 13.07.1928 (2 sheets, hsl.); sheets 29r-30v 26. letter of receipt, from Redlhammer, Scheveningen, 16.08.1929 (2 sheets, hsl.); sheets 31r-32v 27. letter of receipt, from Redlhammer, Schlangenbad, 22.07.1931 (2 sheets, hsl.), hsl.); p. 33r-34v 28th outgoing letter (carbon copy), to Redlhammer, Berlin, 23.07.1931 (1 p., mschr.); p. 35r-35v 29th outgoing letter (carbon copy), to Hans-Werner von Zengen, Berlin, 16.12.1925 (1 p.), mschr.); sheet 36r 30. cover letter, by Hans-Werner von Zengen, Berlin, 14.12.1925 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 37r 31. carbon copy, Rudolf Rötter to Franz Evers, Travemünde, 02.11.1925 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 38r 32. cover letter (carbon copy), to Franz Bracht, Berlin, 21.06.1930 (1 sheet, mschr.), sheet 39r 33. letter of issue (copy), to Franz Bracht, Berlin, 16.06.1930 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 40r 34. letter of receipt, from Wilhelm von Wrangel, Berlin, 03.04.1932 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 41r 35. letter of receipt, from Unknown, Berlin, 10.04.1933 (2 sheets, mschr.); sheet 39r 33. letter of issue (copy), to Franz Bracht, Berlin, 16.06.1930 (1 sheet, mschr.), mschr.); pp. 42r-43r 36. letter of receipt, by Wilhelm von Wrangel, Berlin, 16.04.1930 (1 pp., hsl.); pp. 44r 37. list of associations of the border and foreign Germanism, of colonial associations etc., n/a, n/a, n/a (9 sheets, mschr.); sheets 45r-53r 38. letter of receipt, by Rudolf Rötter, Travemünde, 03.11.1925 (1 sheet, mschr.; with: copy of letter, by Unkannt [Wilhelm von Kries?], London, 18.09.1925, 2 sheets, p. 54r-56r 39. letter of exit (carbon copy), to Wilhelm von Kries, Berlin, 30.09.1925 (1 p., carbon copy); p. 57r 40. letter of entry, to Wilhelm von Kries, London, 18.09.1925 (1 p., carbon copy); p. 58r 41. letter of exit (carbon copy), to Wilhelm von Kries, Berlin, 30.01.1926 (2 p., carbon copy), mschr.); sheet 59r-60r 42nd outgoing letter (carbon copy), to Carl-Christian von Loesch, Berlin, 16.12.1925 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 61r-61v 43rd calculations and suggestions for journals (6 sheets, mschr.); sheet 62r-67r 44th incoming letter, by Walther von Simson, Berlin, 23.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.), sheet 68r 45. card (entrance), by H. J. Moser, Berlin, 20.09.1931 (1 sheet, hsl.); sheet 69r-69v 46. letter of receipt, by Gerhardt Giese, Rostock, 27.09.1931 (1 sheet, hsl.); sheet 70r-70v 47. letter of receipt, by Edmund H. Stinnes (secretariat), Berlin, 28.09.1931 (1 sheet, hsl.), mschr.); sheet 71r 48. letter of receipt, of Schnee, Berlin, 15.10.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 72r 49. letter of receipt, of Frank Thiess, Steinhude, 27.10.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 73r 50. letter of receipt, of Richard Bahr, Berlin, 28.10.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.), sheet 74r 51. letter of receipt, from the Gottfried Keller Foundation, Bern, 16.10.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 75r 52. letter of receipt, from Redlhammer, Schlangenbad, 06.07.1931 (1 sheet, hsl.); sheet 76r 53. letter of receipt, from W. F. Kalle, Frankfurt/ Main, 01.07.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.), sheet 77r 54. letter of receipt, from H. Prinzhorn, Munich, 22.10.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 78r-78v 55. letter of receipt, from Friedrich Krupp A.G., Essen, 08.10.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 79r 56. letter of receipt, from Zincrav?, Überlingen, 25.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.), sheet 80r 57. incoming letter, by Paul Schultze-Naumburg, Saaleck, 25.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 81r-81v 58. incoming letter, by Hans Friedrich Blunck, Hoisdorf, 19.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr., hsl.); sheet 82r 59. incoming letter, by E. Giesel, Bornstedt, 24.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.), sheet 83r 60. letter of receipt, by Walther Bernhard, Berlin, 21.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.) sheet 84r 61. letter of receipt, by Hermann Röchling, Völklingen, 18.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.) sheet 85r 62. letter of receipt, by Franz Bracht (secretariat), Essen, 19.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.) sheet 83r 62. letter of receipt, by Franz Bracht (secretariat), Essen, 19.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.) sheet 83r 62. letter of receipt, by Walther Bernhard, Berlin, 21.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.) sheet 84r 61. letter of receipt, by Hermann Röchling, Völklingen, 18.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.) sheet 85r 62. letter of receipt, by Franz Bracht (secretariat), Essen, 19.09.1931 (1 sheet, m.) sheet 86r 63. letter of receipt, by Paul Silverberg, Cologne, 23.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.) sheet 87r 64. letter of receipt, by Ernst Poensgen, Düsseldorf, 28.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.) sheet 88r 65. letter of receipt, by Karl Haushofer, Hartschimmel-Hof, 26.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.) sheet 86r 63. letter of receipt, by Paul Silverberg, Cologne, 23.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.) sheet sheet 89r 66. map (entrance), from the Stadtarchiv und Historischen Museum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 26.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 90r-90v 67. letter of receipt, from Franz Bracht, Essen, 10.10.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 91r 68. letter of receipt, from Wendler, Reutlingen, 05.10.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.), 92r 69. letter of receipt, from Hugo Stinnes (secretariat), Mülheim, 25.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.); 93r 70. letter of receipt, from Schurig, Bremen, 19.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.); 94r 71. letter of receipt, from Ernst Röchling, Mannheim, 18.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.), sheet 95r 72. letter of receipt, from Paul Lindenberg, Berlin, 21.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 96r 73. letter of receipt, from Schurig, Bremen, 21.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 97r 74. letter of receipt, from the Auswärtigen Amt, Berlin, 18.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.), sheet 98r-98v 75. letter of receipt, from Zincrav?, Überlingen, 20.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 99r 76. letter of receipt, from Reinerth, Berlin, 21.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 100r 77. letter of receipt, from H. Kulenkampff, Zwickau, 21.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 98r-98v 75. letter of receipt, from Zincrav?, Überlingen, 20.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.), hsl.); sheet 101r 78. letter of receipt, from Ludwig Klages?, Munich, 22.09.1931 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 102r 79. letter of receipt, from Hans Ohlerg, Krefeld, 17.06.1926 (1 sheet, mschr.; with: newspaper article); sheet 103r-106v 80. letter of receipt, from Wilhelm von Wrangel, Berlin, 30.04.1928 (1 sheet, mschr.), mschr.; thereby: Letter, Th. Lieser to Wilhelm von Wrangel, Berlin, 24.04.1928, 1 sheet, mschr.; Letter-copy, Wilhelm von Wrangel to Th. Lieser, Berlin, 21.04.1928, 1 sheet, mschr.; Th. Lieser to Wilhelm von Wrangel, Berlin, 20.04.1928, 1 sheet, mschr. msl. Exchange of letters Wrangel - Pechel on the reverse side; Letter-copee, Wilhelm von Wrangel on Th. Lieser, Berlin, 18.04.1928, 2 sheets, mschr.; Letter, Th. Lieser on Wilhelm von Wrangel, Berlin, 16.04.1928, 2 sheets, mschr.; Letter-copee, Wilhelm von Wrangel on Th. Lieser, Berlin, 12.04.1928, 2 sheets, mschr, mschr.; Letter, Th. Lieser to Wilhelm von Wrangel, Berlin, 10.04.1928, 1 sheet, mschr., hsl.; Envelope, Wilhelm von Wrangel to Th. Lieser, Berlin, 05.04.1928, 1 sheet, mschr., hsl, mschr.; Letter, Th. Lieser to Wilhelm von Wrangel, Berlin, 04.04.1928, 1 p., mschr.; Letter-copy, Wilhelm von Wrangel to Th. Lieser, Berlin, 30.03.1928, 2 p., 1 p., 1 p., mschr, mschr.; Letter, Th. Lieser to Wilhelm von Wrangel, Berlin, 29.03.1928, 1 sheet, mschr.; Letter-copy, Wilhelm von Wrangel to Th. Lieser, Berlin, 27.03.1928, 1 sheet, 1 sheet, 1 sheet, 1 sheet, 1 sheet, 1 sheet, 1 sheet, 1 sheet, 1 sheet, 1 sheet, 1 sheet, 1 sheet, 2 sheet, 1 sheet, 1 sheet, 1 sheet, 1 sheet, 2 sheet, 1 sheet, 2 sheet, 1 sheet, 2 sheet, 1 sheet, 2 sheet, 1 sheet, 2 sheet, mschr.; Letter, Th. Lieser to Wilhelm von Wrangel, Berlin, 26.03.1928, 1 sheet, mschr.; Letter, Th. Lieser to Wilhelm von Wrangel, Berlin, 26.03.1928, 2 sheets, 1 sheet, mschr, mschr.; memo from Rau about a telephone conversation with Rudolf Pechel on 29.01.1928, 1 sheet, mschr.; carbon copy, Wilhelm von Wrangel to Th. Lieser, Berlin, 24.03.1928, 1 sheet, mschr., 2 copies; letter, Th. Lieser to Wilhelm von Wrangel, Berlin, 23.03.1928, 1 sheet, mschr, mschr.; Letter, Th. Lieser to Wilhelm von Wrangel, Berlin, 23.03.1928, 1 sheet, mschr., hsl.; Letter, Th. Lieser to Wilhelm von Wrangel, Berlin, 20.03.1928, 1 sheet, mschr.); Sheet 107r-134v 81. Outgoing letter (carbon copy), to Th. Lieser, Berlin, 19.03.1928 (1 sheet, mschr., mschr.); Sheet 107r-134v 81, mschr.); sheet 135r 82nd outgoing letter (carbon copy), to Krahmer-Möllenberg, Berlin, 22.05. (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 136r 83rd outgoing letter (carbon copy), to Kastl (Reichsverband der deutschen Industrie), Berlin, 16.12.1925 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 137r-137v 84th carbon copy, from von Lengen to Karl Bonhoeffer, o. O., 14.12.1925 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 138r-138v 85. initial letter (copy), on/for Blank, Berlin, 30.10.1925 (1 sheet, mschr.), sheet 139r 86. letter of origin (copy), to Karl Bonhoeffer, Berlin, 30.10.1925 (1 sheet, copy); sheet 140r-140v 87. letter of origin (copy), to Büren, Berlin, 30.10.1925 (1 sheet, copy), sheet 141r-141v 88. memo to an interview with Kastl on 04.01. (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 142r 89. letter of receipt, from Blank, Berlin, 29.10.1925 (2 sheets, mschr.); sheet 143r-144r 90. letter of receipt (copy), to Blank, Berlin, 26.10.1925 (1 sheet, mschr.); sheet 145r

Contains: - Letter from Walther Schücking to the situation in Holland, mechanical, 10.6.1915 - Letter from Walther Schücking to the situation in Holland, manual, 18.6.1915 - Letter from Walther Schücking to the situation in Holland, manual, 26.6.1915 - Telegram from Walther Schücking with appointment arrangement, 26.6.1915 - Telegram from Rosenfeld, 30.6.1915 - Letter to Walther Schücking, manual 2.7.1915 - Report on a meeting of English deputies of Dutch politicians, mechanical, 12.-17.7.1915 - Letter from Walther Schücking, handschr., 23.7.1915 - Letter from Walther Schücking concerning a trip to The Hague, handschr., 23.7.1915 - Letter from Walther Schücking concerning a trip to The Hague, handschr.., 26.7.1915 - Letter to Walther Schücking, handschr., 27.6.1915 - Telegram from Walther Schücking because of a meeting, 26.7.1915 - Telegram from Walther Schücking because of a letter, 27.7.1915 - Letter from Walther Schücking because of his trip to Haag, handschr., 27.6.1915 - Telegram from Walther Schücking because of a meeting, 26.7.1915 - Telegram from Walther Schücking because of a letter, 27.7.1915 - Letter from Walther Schücking because of his trip to Haag, handschr., 31.7.1915 - letter from Walther Schücking with report from Frankfurt, handschr., 5.8.1915 - letter from Walther Schücking, handschr., 7.8.1915 - telegram from Walther Schücking because of a meeting, 8.8.1915 - letter from Dresselhuys because of a conversation, handschr.., 3.10.1915 - Letter from Walther Schücking, handschr., 4.10.1915 - Letter from Walther Schücking to Undersecretary of State Zimmermann on the Dutch Anti-War Council, masch., 10.10.1915 - Letter from Walther Schücking on the progress of the negotiations, handschr., 4.10.1915 - Letter from Walther Schücking to Undersecretary of State Zimmermann on the Dutch Anti-War Council, masch., 10.10.1915 - Letter from Walther Schücking on the progress of the negotiations, handschr., 25.11.1915 - Reports from Holland and Switzerland, mechanical, 7.5.1916 - Letter to Jagow about the situation in Holland, mechanical, 22.5.1916 - Letter from Jagow about the situation in Holland, handschr., 13.6.1916 - Telegram from Rutgers about a meeting, 21.6.1916 - Letter from Otto Rosenfeld about conversations in Holland, mechanical, 22.5.1916 - Letter from Jagow about the situation in Holland, handschr., 13.6.1916 - Telegram from Rutgers about a meeting, 21.6.1916 - Letter from Otto Rosenfeld about conversations in Holland, mechanical, 22.5.1916 - Letter from Jagow about the situation in Holland, mechanical, 21.6.1916 - Letter from Otto Rosenfeld about conversations in Holland, mechanical, 22.5.1916 - Letter from Jagow about the situation in Holland, mechanical, 22.5.1916 - L from Jagow about the situation in Holland, 22.6.1916 - Letter on Rosenfeld's report, masch., 22.6.1916 - Write to Rutgers on negotiations in London, masch., 25.6.1916 - Letter from Jong van Beekendonk on English foreign policy, masch., 26.6.1916 - Letter from Jong van Beekendonk with "Ein Aufruf an die Neutralen", masch., masch., 26.6.1916 - Letter from Jong van Beekendonk with "Ein Aufruf an die Neutralen", masch, 27.6.1916 - Letter with report from a trip to Holland, mechanical, 16.7.1916 - Letter from Zimmermann (AA) to the Dutch Anti-War Council, mechanical, 22.7.1916 - Letter from Rutgers to a court case, handschr.

Contains: - Letter from Albert Ballin on the course of the war, mach.., 28.10.1915; to the head of the civil cabinet Valentini (newspaper cut-out), 4.4.1917 - letter from Ludwig Bamberger (handschr.) about lack of echo, 28.12.1890; on the general situation, 2.3.1892; with invitation, 27.3.1893; with thanks to Gratulation und zur Innenpolitische und Parteiipolitischen Lage, 16.8.1893; to Payer und Württemberg, 23.6.1894; congratulation letter, 13.6.1895; with thanks for sending, 25.7.1895; with thanks for discussion of the 4th Symphony, 16.8.1893; with thanks to Payer and Württemberg, 23.6.1894; congratulation letter, 13.6.1895; with thanks for sending, 25.7.1895; with thanks for discussion of the 4th Symphony, 16.8.1893; with thanks for discussion of the 4th Symphony, 25.7.1895; with thanks for discussion of the 4th Symphony, 16.8.1893; with thanks for discussion of the 4th Symphony, 25.7.1895 Volume, 10.2.1896; with invitation to the next day, 14.2.1896; o.d. - Letter from L. v. Bar (handschr.) on the situation in liberal groups, 20.7.1893; on the political situation and on the forthcoming interparliamentary conference in Hungary, 6.8.1896 - Letter (above all handschr.) by Theodor Barth about miscellaneous, 11.8.1891; about concepts in the press, 27.4.1892; about Maximilian Harden, the politics of directing and the right to vote, 9.9.1892; on election prospects, the relationship to the centre and the confusion in the ministry, 17.9.1892; on the military bill, 4.11.1892; with congratulations on the run-off results, o.D.; on the plans of Caprivi, 6.11.1892; with invitation, 5.12.1892; about Haussmann's articles, 20.4.1894, 21. and 22.5.1894; about Haussmann's articles on tactics, 25.5.1894; about articles on the political situation in northern and southern Germany, 6.2.1895; about an article by Haussmann, 8.10.1895; with the request to discuss the 3rd volume of Bamberger's Gesammelten Schriften, 26.12.1895; to Friedrich Haußmann about his eye disease and Hohenlohe's role in the Krüger-Depesche, 3.2.1896; about journalistic activity and stock exchange disorder, 6.1.1897 (masch.); with the request for an article about the failure of the Württemberg constitutional reform, 22.12.1898; on the emperor's China policy, 10.9.1900; on elections, party and Deutsche Bank, 11.12.1900 (mechanical); with New Year's wishes, 3.1.1901 (mechanical); because of a wreath for Stauffenberg, 3.6.1901 (mechanical); on the emperor's China policy, 10.9.1900; on the emperor's Chinese policy, 3.1.1901 (mechanical); on the emperor's China policy, 3.6.1901 (mechanical); on the emperor's China policy, 3.1.1901 (mechanical); on the emperor's China policy, 3.6.1901 (mechanical); on the emperor's China policy, 3.1.1901 (on the emperor's China policy, 3.6.1901)); on Stauffenberg's death and the general political situation, 11.6.1901 (masch.); with thanks for the congratulations on the substitute election, 1.1.1902 (gedr.); on the party-political situation, 20.7.1903; because of differences of opinion, 24.7.1903; on the election challenge in the Hinterpommerischer Kreis, 6.11.1903 (mach.); on the Simplizissimus trial, 4.2.1904; with the request for an article on the Württemberg constitutional reform, 1.7.1905 (mach.); on the Morocco affair, 6.7.1905 (mach.); on the Thomasian peasant novel and the situation in Berlin, 1.9.1905 (mach.); on Haussmann's criticism of his essay on Eugen Richter, 20.3.1906 (mach.); on the Morocco affair, 6.7.1905 (mach.); on the Thomasian peasant novel and the situation in Berlin, 1.9.1905 (mach.); on Haussmann's criticism of his essay on Eugen Richter, 20.3.1906 (mach.).); on Italian politics and health Bülow, 17.4.1906 (masch.); on the forthcoming interparliamentary conference in London, 9.7.1906 (masch.); with the request for information in Württberg affairs, 20.9.1905; on a planned article on Simplizissimus and English politics, 9.3.1907 - Haussmann's letter to Theodor Barth about his fundamental attitude with a review of the last years of politics, July 1903 (masch.); on the Italian politics and health Bülow, 17.4.1906 (masch.); on the forthcoming interparliamentary conference in London, 9.7.1906 (masch.); on the planned article on Simplizissimus and English politics, 9.9.1905; on the German political system, 9.3.1907 - Haussmann's letter to Theodor Barth about his fundamental attitude with a review of the last years of politics, July 1903 (masch.)); on Miscellaneous, 14.9.1892 (handschr.); with criticism of Barth's Richter essay, 18.3.1906 (handschr.); Haussmann's letter to Frh. v. Stauffenberg on the death of his father, o.D. (handschr.); letter from Dr. Nathan about an article in the "Nation", 5.7.(?) 1897 (handschr.) - postcard by Bassermann with thanks, 15.11.1910; letter on the effectiveness of submarines and the All-Germans, 23.9.1916 (masch.) - Haussmann's letter to Bassermann against the All-Germans and on the ineffectiveness of the submarine war, 21.9.1916 (mechanical); Haussmann's draft of this letter - letter from C. Baumbach to the conference in the Hague, 18.7.1894 (handschr.) - letter of August Bebel to a court decision, 14.4.1905 (handschr.); with thanks for birthday congratulations, 9.3.1910 (handschr.) - letter of H. Buddeberg with thanks for congratulations and to the illness of his wife, 31.12.1913 (handschr.) - Haussmann's letter to President Belser on a copyright issue, 21.2.1920 (masch.) - Telegram from Felix v. Bethmann-Hollweg on the death of his father, 3.1.1921; Letter of condolence and telegram of condolence to Felix v. Bethmann-Hollweg, 7.1.1921 (mechanical); Letter of Felix v. Bethmann-Hollweg with thanks for condolence, 10.1.1921 (handschr.) - Invitation by Bethmann to a visit, 12.3.1910 (handschr.); letter with thanks for sending essays about Kiderlen, 8.2.1913 (handschr.); Haussmann's letter of condolence to Bethmann for the death of his son, 3.1.1915 (masch.) and reply of Bethmann (masch.) 6.1.1915; letter of Bethmann to the general situation, 29.10.1915 (handschr.) thank-you letter, 16.7.1917 (masch.); letter to the situation, 28.11.1917 (masch.); with thanks for East-Asian songs, 5.12.1918 (handschr.); on miscellaneous and literary work, 22.12.1920 (handschr.) - Haussmann's letter to Bethmann about the Western powers and the history of the campaign, 19.11.1915 (masch.); on Stegemann and Tirpitz, 1.4.1916 (handschr.); on the submarine question, 22.9.1916 (masch.); on Bethmann's committee speech, 11.11.1916 (handschr.); on US policy, 10.2.1917 (masch.); on the war situation, March 1917 (handschr.); on the submarine question, 22.9.1916 (masch.); on the US policy, 10.2.1917 (masch.); on the war situation, March 1917 (handschr.).); on development in Russia, Zimmermanns Mexico-Depesche and Russian politicians, April 1917 (handschr.); on the political situation, 13.5.1917 (handschr.); thank-you letter, 14.7.1917 (handschr.); on the general political situation, 21. century; on the political situation, 13.5.1917 (handschr.); on the political situation, 14.7.1917 (handschr.); on the political situation, 21. century; on the political situation, 13.5.1917 (handschr.); on the political situation, 14.7.1917 (handschr.); on the political situation, 21. century; on the political situation, 14.7.1917 (handschr.); on the political situation, 21. century.11.1917 (masch.); invitation letter, 9.6.1918 (handschr.); incomplete concept of a letter on pacifist movements, autumn 1918 (handschr.); on the OHL and Ludendorff, 2.12.1920 (handschr.); in German, English, French, Italian, Italian, Italian, Italian, Italian, Italian, Spanish, Italian, Spanish, Italian, Spanish, Spanish, French, Italian, Italian, Spanish, Italian, Spanish, Spanish, Spanish, Spanish, Spanish, Spanish, Spanish, Spanish, Spanish, Spanish, Spanish, Spanish, Italian) - Record Haussmann about the mood Bethmann-Hollwegs in a conversation, 24.2.1918 (handschr.) - Written by Robert Bosch with thanks for an article, 2.10.1911 (handschr.); because of an appointment, 3.11.1911 (mach.); about a Thoma invitation and Chinese songs, 29.7.1912 (mach.); thank-you letter, 9.8.1912 (handschr.); about a Thoma visit, the press attack on Bosch and Bavarian work achievements, 21.8.1912 (handschr.); about a Thoma visit, the press attack on Bosch and Bavarian work achievements, 21.8.1912 (handschr.); about a Thoma invitation and Chinese songs, 29.7.1912 (masch.); about a Thoma visit, the press attack on Bosch and Bavarian work achievements, 21.8.1912 (handschr.).); with thanks for letter and article, 21.7.1913 (masch.); with the rejection of a leading position with the reconstruction in Northern France, 16.10.1919 (masch.) - letter of Haussmann to Robert Bosch to Wilsonbotschaft, 12.1.1918 (masch.) - copy of a letter of Robert Bosch to the Demokratischer Volksbund Berlin zur Sozialisierung der Gesellschaft, 21.11.1918 (masch.); "Lieber Geld verlieren als Vertrauen" von Robert Bosch in Der Bosch-Zünder, 5.4.1919 - Business card of Prince von Bülow with thanks for an essay, 4.10.1909 (handschr.) - Letter (handschr.) by H. Buddeberg with thanks for the condolence to the death of his son, 27.10.1897; New Year's greetings 31.12.1898; about his 80th birthday and his son Alfred, 21.12.1916; about a complaint of his son, 25.1.1917 - Haussmann's letter to H. Buddeberg about the complaint of his son, mechanical.., 29.1.1917 - Letter of Alfred Buddeberg about the forthcoming birthday, 10.12.1916 - Letter of Haussmann to Cronstaedt to the Frankfurter Zeitung, to the Vossisches und Berliner Tageblatt, 12.2.1917 (masch.) - Letter of Eduard David to the parliamentarization, 30.7.1917 (handschr.) - Letter of Haussmann to Hans Delbrück because of a depesche from the Hague, masch.., 28.7.1917 - Postcards by Prelate Demmler, o.D. (handschr.); two letters 25.2.

Contains: - In the Federal Foreign Office, colonial dept, later Imperial Colonial Office (26 p.); - As Imperial Judge in German New Guinea (13 p.); - First stay in Samoa (16 p.); - Second stay in Samoa (12 p.); - (unknown author:) "Dr. Schnees Samoa years" (14 p.)); - Back at the Federal Foreign Office, Kolonial-Abt (9 p.); - Colonial Advisory Council at the Embassy in London (21 p.); - Lecture by the South Pole researcher Sir Ernest Shackleton for Wilhelm II at Villa Dernburg (3 p.)); - As Governor in German East Africa (10 p.); - Characterization of the Great Admiral of Tirpitz (4 p.); - Speech of the Minister of National Defence, Smuts, in the House of Representatives in Cape Town on September 10, 1914 (6 p.); - Scout Report of the Goanese and Government employee Ribeiro on his journey from German East Africa to Germany during the war (45 p.).); - Speech by the Governor on the occasion of Wilhelm II's birthday to officers and crews of the garrison thong (2 p.); - Excerpts from the report of the government adviser, Government Building Councillor Brandes, on the activities of the civil administration during the war in German East Africa (p. 14).); - Return from East Africa (18 p.); - My relationship with Lettow-Vorbeck (46 p.); - Prince Henry of the Netherlands (1 p.); - General Groener's statements on leading personalities of the First World War. World War II (8 p.); - State Secretary Solf on Baron von Eckardtstein, former Counsellor of the Embassy in London (3 p.); - Talk with Foreign Minister Simons (5 p.); - Schnee on Wirth, Reich Minister for Reconstruction (5 p.); - Rosen, Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs (2 p.); - Admiral v. Truppel, Governor of Kiautschou (2 p.); - Violations of international law during the war in German East Africa (2 p.).

History of the inventor: Joseph Goebbels, who had already been head of the NSDAP's Reich Propaganda Department since 1929, had certainly developed plans for a Ministry of Propaganda even before the seizure of power.(1) The Reichskabinett (Reich Cabinet) dealt with the issue of the Propaganda Department on 11 September. The arguments for the foundation, which the Reich Chancellor (Hitler) himself presented, sounded extremely harmless ex post and far from future realities: "One of the predominant tasks of this ministry would be the preparation of important acts of government. On the oil and fat issue, for example, which now occupies the cabinet, the people should be enlightened in the direction that the farmer would perish if something were not done to improve the sale of his products. The importance of this matter also for the war measures would have to be pointed out ..." Government action would only begin if the awareness-raising work had taken place and worked for some time. ..."(2) On 16 March 1933, however, Goebbels described the future tasks of his ministry programmatically three days after his appointment in a remarkably open manner in front of press representatives: "If this government is now determined never to give way again, never and under no circumstances, then it need not make use of the dead power of the bayonet, then in the long run it will not be able to be satisfied with knowing 52 percent behind it ..., but it will have to see its next task in winning the remaining 48 percent for itself. This is not only possible through objective work". And about the nature of his propaganda he proclaimed: "Not any aesthete can judge the methods of propaganda. A binding judgment can only be given on the basis of success. For propaganda is not an end in itself, but a means to an end.(3) A timid attempt by Hugenberg to at least delay the decision to establish the Ministry of Propaganda in the cabinet meeting of March 11, 1933 failed miserably. Already on 13 March 1933 the law on the establishment of the RMVP was signed by the Reich President and the "writer" Dr. Goebbels was appointed minister.(4) Almost three weeks later, on 5 April 1933, Goebbels noted in his diary: "The organisation of the ministry is finished".(5) In difficult negotiations(6) with the ministries, which had to cede parts of their competences to the new ministry, the responsibilities were determined in detail. The RMVP was responsible for all tasks relating to intellectual influence on the nation, advertising for the state, culture and economy, informing the domestic and foreign public about them, and the administration of all institutions serving these purposes. As a result, the business area of the RMVP will be: 1. from the business area of the Federal Foreign Office: News and education abroad, art, art exhibitions, film and sports abroad. 2. From the RMI division: General Domestic Enlightenment, Hochschule für Politik, introduction and celebration of national holidays and celebration of national holidays with the participation of the RMI, press (with Institute for Newspaper Science), radio, national anthem, German Library in Leipzig, art (but without art-historical institute in Florence, copyright protection for works of literature and art, directory of nationally valuable works of art, German-Austrian Convention on the Export of Art, Protection of Works of Art and Monuments, Protection and Maintenance of Landscape and Natural Monuments, Nature Parks, Preservation of Buildings of Special Historical Importance, Preservation of National Monuments, Verband Deutscher Vereine für Volkskunde, Reich Memorial), Music Conservation, including the Philharmonic Orchestra, Theatre Matters, Cinema, Combating Trash and Dirt 3. From the business areas of the Reich Ministry of Economics and the Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture: Economic Advertising, Exhibitions, Trade Fairs and Advertising 4. From the business areas of the Reich Ministry of Posts and the Reich Ministry of Transportation: Traffic Advertising Furthermore, all radio matters dealt with by the Reich Ministry of Posts and the Reich Ministry of Transportation are transferred from the business area of the Reich Ministry of Posts, unless they concern the technical administration outside the premises of the Reich Broadcasting Company and the radio companies. In matters of technical administration, the RMVP shall be involved to the extent necessary to carry out its own tasks, in particular in determining the conditions for the awarding of broadcasting rights and the regulation of fees. In particular, the representation of the Reich in the Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft and the broadcasting companies is fully transferred to the RMVP. The RMVP is in charge of all tasks, including legislation, in the designated areas. The general principles shall apply to the participation of the other Reich Ministers." (RGBl. 1933 I, p. 449) These competences were exercised by seven departments, so that the business distribution plan of 1 Oct. 1933 (7) shows the following picture: Ministerial office (with five employees), directly subordinated to the Minister. State Secretary, at the same time Head of Press of the Reich Government I. Administration and Law with one main office Administration, three departments as well as the registry II. Propaganda with 10 departments 1. Positive world view propaganda, shaping in state life, press photography 2. Jewish question, foundation for victims of work, Versailles treaty, national literature, publishing etc. 3. Demonstrations and regional organisation 4. Opposing world views 5. German University of Politics 6. Youth and sports issues 7. Economic and social policy 8. Agricultural and eastern issues 9. Transport 10. Public health III. Broadcasting with three sections 1. Broadcasting 2. Political and cultural affairs of broadcasting 3. Organisation and administrative issues of German broadcasting IV. Press, simultaneously press department of the Reich government with eleven papers V. Film with three papers VI. Theatre, music and art with three papers VII. Defence (defence against lies at home and abroad) with eight papers Goebbels was obviously not satisfied with the official title of his ministry. The extensive tasks in the fields of culture and the arts did not come into their own and the word propaganda, of which he was aware, had a "bitter aftertaste" (8). His proposal to rename his department "Reichsministerium für Kultur und Volksaufklärung", however, met with Hitler's rejection. (9) In July 1933, a circular issued by the Reich Chancellor drew the attention of the Reich governors to the exclusive competence of the Reich or of the new Ministry for the above-mentioned competences and called on them to cede to the RMVP any existing budget funds and offices of the Länder. (10) At the same time, 13 regional offices were established as the substructure of the Ministry, the sprinkles of which corresponded approximately to those of the regional employment offices, and 18 imperial propaganda offices, which subdivided the territory of the regional offices once again. After the Reichspropagandastellen were already converted after short time (approx. 1934) to Landesstellen, in each Gau of the NSDAP a Landesstelle of the RMVP was located. Their leaders were in personal union at the same time leaders of the Gaupropagandaleitungen of the NSDAP, which in its leadership, the Reichspropagandalleitung, was also perceived by Goebbels in personal union. (11) As a result, conflicts of loyalty between the Gaupropaganda leaders/leaders of the RMVP regional offices were unavoidable in disputes between Goebbels and individual Gauleiters. According to theory, the regional offices were supposed to monitor and implement the political decisions made in the ministry in the individual districts, but in practice their heads were often more dependent on their respective Gauleiter than on the ministry due to the above-mentioned personal union. By the Führer decree of 9 September 1937 (RGBl. 1937 I, p. 1009), the Landesstellen were renamed Reichspropagandaämter and elevated to Reich authorities. After the integration of Austria there were no less than 42 Reichspropagandaämter with 1400 full-time employees. (12) In addition to the state offices and Reich Propaganda Offices, a whole range of offices, organizations, associations, societies and societies soon developed, which are to be counted to the subordinate area of the Ministry. (13) Despite the apparently clear regulation on the responsibilities of the RMVP, the 13 years of its existence were marked by disputes over responsibilities with other ministries, in particular with the ministers Rust, Rosenberg and Ribbentrop, of whom Goebbels, as is known, held very little personally. Successes and failures in the competence disputes cannot be followed in detail here; they depended to a large extent on Hitler's relationship with Goebbels. For example, Goebbels did not succeed in extending his competence in theatre to the Prussian State Theatres in Berlin. By contrast, in 1943 the RMVP assumed responsibility for carrying out the Eastern propaganda, while Rosenberg, as Reich Minister for the occupied Eastern territories, was left with only the authority to issue guidelines. (14) In the conflict with the Federal Foreign Office over the delimitation of responsibilities for foreign propaganda, an arrangement was reached in a working agreement in October 1941. (15) Wehrmacht propaganda also remained long and controversial. Despite many efforts (16), Goebbels did not succeed in making a decisive break in the competencies of the OKW/Wpr department until the end of the war in March 1945. Propaganda into the Wehrmacht and about the Wehrmacht at home and abroad was then to be taken in charge by the RMVP. It is not possible to determine whether the planned organizational consequences have yet been implemented. (17) Another major success for Goebbels was the establishment of the Reichsinspektion für zivile Luftschutzmaßnahmen (Reich Inspection for Civilian Air Defence Measures), which was headed by the RMVP (18), and his appointment as Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War Operations by Führer Decree of 25 July 1944 (19). For the last months of the Third Reich, Goebbels had reached the zenith of power with this function, apart from his appointment as Reich Chancellor in Hitler's last will and testament of April 29, 1945, which had become effective only theoretically. As Reich Plenipotentiary for the total deployment in war, he had extremely far-reaching powers over the entire state apparatus with the exception of the Wehrmacht. (20) Until that date, the competences of the RMVP had changed only slightly in the main features of all disputes over jurisdiction. That it nevertheless grew enormously and steadily until 1943 (21) was mainly due to diversification and intensification in the performance of its tasks. After 1938, the expansive foreign policy of the Third Reich necessitated further propaganda agencies to direct and influence public opinion in the incorporated and occupied territories. In the occupied territories with civil administrations, "departments" (main departments) for "popular enlightenment and propaganda" were usually set up in the territories with military administration, "propaganda departments", which exercised roughly the functions of the Reich Propaganda Offices. Their position between their superior military services and the RMVP, which sought to influence the content of the propaganda and from where part of the personnel came, was a constant source of conflict. As an indication for the weighting of the individual areas of responsibility of the Ministry in relation to each other, the expenditures for the individual areas in the 10 years from March 1933 to March 1943 are mentioned. With a total volume of 881,541,376.78 RM (22), the expenses for the Active propaganda: 21.8 Communications: 17.8 Music, visual arts, literature: 6.2 Film: 11.5 Theatres: 26.4 Civil servants and equipment: 4.3 Salaries, business needs, including film testing agencies and RPÄ: 12.0 By 1942, the RMVP and its division had been continuously expanded, before facilities in the subordinate area were shut down and departments in the ministry were merged as part of the total war from 1943 onwards. The business distribution plan of Nov. 1942 was as follows: (23) Ministerial Office, reporting directly to the Minister with adjutants, personal advisers and press officers of the Minister, a total of 10 employees State Secretaries Leopold Gutterer, Reich Press Head Dr. Otto Dietrich, Hermann Esser Budget Department (H) with 11 departments; reporting to the Head of the Department, the Main Office and the House Administration Personnel Department (Pers) with seven departments Legal and Organisation Department (R) with three departments Propaganda Department (Pro) with the following ten departments: 1. Political Propaganda 2. Cultural Propaganda 3. Propaganda Exploration 4. Public Health, Social Policy 5. Economy 6. Imperial Propaganda Offices 7. Major Events 8. Youth and Sports 9. Representation 10. Budget of the Department, Preparation of the Peace Treaties, Stagma and other Press Department of the Imperial Government I. Department German Press (DP) with 13 Speeches II. Foreign Press Department (AP) with 19 papers III. Journal Press Department /ZP) with five papers Foreign Press Department (A) with the following five groups: 1. Organization 2. Europe and Middle East 3. Non-European 4. Propaganda Media 5. Deployment abroad and in the Reich Tourism Department (FV) with four units Broadcasting Department (Rfk) with the following eight units 1. Coordination, Interradio and others 2. Broadcasting Command Office 3. Mob Department 4. Broadcasting Programme Support 5. Foreign Broadcasting 6. Broadcasting Industry 7. Broadcasting Organisation 8. Rundfunk-Erkundungsdienst Filmabteilung (F) with five departments Schrifttumsabteilung (S ) with eight departments Theaterabteilung (T) with seven departments Bildende Kunst (BK) with four departments Musik-Abteilung (M) with ten departments Reichsverteidigung (RV) with six departments Abteilung für die besetztischen Ostgebiete (Ost) with twelve departments Generalreferate with State Secretary Gutterer directly subordinated: 1. Exhibitions and Fairs 2nd General Cultural Department (General Cultural Department for the Reich Capital) 3rd General Department for Reich Chamber of Culture Matters 4th Technology (propaganda, radio, film, sound, stage, press, service installations of the RMVP) Press Recording Office for the PK reports of the Press Department of the Reich Government (directly subordinated to the Reich Press Head) A major change in this distribution of responsibilities took place in September 1944 (24). The art departments of theatre, music and visual arts were dissolved and merged into a single department of culture (cult). The East Department was integrated into the Propaganda Department as a main department, the Tourism Department was shut down and the General Departments of the Reich Cultural Chamber, Armaments and Construction and Propaganda Troops were dissolved. Notes (1) J. Goebbels: Vom Kaiserhof zur Reichskanzlei, p. 28. (2) R 43 II/1149, p. 5, excerpt from the minutes of the ministerial meeting of 11 March 1933. (3) R 43 II/1149, pp. 25 - 29, wording of Goebbels' speech of 16 March 1933 according to W. T. B. (4) R 43 II/1149, RGBl. 1933 I, p. 104 (5) J. Goebbels: Vom Kaiserhof zur Reichskanzlei, p. 293 (6) In an elaboration presumably by Goebbels on a "Reichskommissariat für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda" to be created (R 43 II/1149, pp. 49 - 53) further competences had been demanded. In particular, additional responsibilities were demanded of the German section of the RMI and section VI of the AA, as well as in foreign propaganda. (7) R 43 II/1449, pp. 126 - 133. Heiber gives a diagram of the organisational development of the RMVP at department level with the names of the department heads on the inside of the cover of his Goebbels biography. (8) See speech to representatives of the press on the tasks of the RMVP of 16 March 1933 in R 43 II/1149. It was not without reason that there was a language regulation for the press according to which the term propaganda was to be used only in a positive sense (R 55/1410, Decree of the RMVP to the RPA Nuremberg, 8 Nov. 1940). (9) R 43 II/1149, p. 169, Note by Lammers of 9 May 1934 on a lecture to the Reich Chancellor. (10) R 43 II/1149. (11) After the establishment of the Reichskulturkammer organization, they were also state cultural administrators in the substructure of the RKK. (12) Boelcke, Kriegspropaganda, p. 185. (13) Ebendort, p. 136 ff. there are hints for some institutions. (14) The Führer's order concerning the delimitation of responsibilities dated 15 Aug. 1943, cf. R 55/1435, 1390. (15) Boelcke, Kriegspropaganda, p. 126/127. (16) Lochner, Joseph Goebbels, p. 334, p. 442. (17) R 55/618, p. 123; cf. also the depiction of Hasso v. Wedel, the propaganda troops of the German Wehrmacht. Neckargemünd 1962, Die Wehrmacht im Kampf, vol. 34 (18) Führer decree of Dec. 21, 1943, R 55/441 (19) RGBl. 1944, p. 161, R 43 II/664 a. (20) This competence is virtually not reflected in the RMVP files available in the BA. However, it is well documented in R 43 II. See R 43 II/664 a. (21) See the annual budget negotiations on increasing the number of posts in R 2/4752 - 4762. (22) R 55/862, Statistical overview of monetary transactions. Accordingly, 88,5 % of the expenditure was covered by the licence fee. It remains unclear whether the old budgetary expenditure has been taken into account. (23) R 55/1314 According to this schedule of responsibilities, the files held in the Federal Archives were essentially classified. (24) Newsletter of 13 Sept. 1944 in R 55/441. Inventory description: Inventory history The RMVP records have suffered substantial losses, although the main building of the Ministry, the Ordenspalais am Wilhelmplatz, was destroyed relatively late and almost accidentally in March 1945. Large parts of the old registries, including the previous files from the Federal Foreign Office and the Reich Ministry of the Interior (1), had already been destroyed by air raids in 1944. Moreover, in the last days of the war before and during the conquest of Berlin by the Soviet Russian army, files were also systematically destroyed. (2) In view of the total collapse and devastation of Berlin by the air war, it is not surprising that hardly any manual or private files of RMVP employees have been handed down. Notable exceptions are, in particular, documents from Ministerialrat Bade (press department) (3) and hand files of the head of the broadcasting department, Ministerialdirigent Fritzsche. In this context, the diaries of Goebbels should also be mentioned, which, with the exception of those edited by Lochner in 1948, had been lost for almost 30 years. (4) The bulk of the volumes available in the Bundesarchiv Koblenz until 1996 was transferred from Alexandria (cf. Guide No. 22) and from the Berlin Document Center to the Bundesarchiv in the years 1959 - 1963. The personnel files still held back were added to the portfolio in 2007. The RMVP files kept by the Ministry of State Security of the GDR (mainly personnel files, personnel processes of the theatre, music and defence departments), which were stored in the so-called NS archive until 2006, are also assigned to the holdings. Not in Allied hands was only a small collection from the Music Department and some documents from the German Press Department, which were transferred to the Federal Archives in 1969 as part of the land consolidation with the Secret State Archives of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation. Some original RMVP files can still be found at the Hoover Institution Standford, the Yivo Institute New York and the Wiener Library London. Fortunately, all three institutions were willing to produce microfilms for the Federal Archives (5). In 1974, the Rijksinstitut voor Oologsdocumentatie Amsterdam (Rijksinstitut for Oologsdocumentatie Amsterdam) kindly handed over some original fragments of files to the Federal Archives. In 1946, officers of the French and Soviet secret services found films of about 35,000 documents that had been filmed in the RMVP and buried near Potsdam at the end of the war with the help of an American mine detector (6). The films were taken to Paris to make re-enlargements of them, and it is possible that they will still be kept in the French secret service. The Americans apparently did not receive copies because they had withheld from the French documents of other provenance found in the CSSR. Only incomplete information is available about the content of the films; it can be assumed, however, that not exactly unimportant files have been filmed. Notes (1) Only a few handfiles and a few volumes on the promotion of music have survived. (2) Files of the Reichsfilmarchiv that had been moved to Grasleben/Helmstedt were even to be destroyed by agents of the RSHA when they threatened to fall into the hands of the English (cf. R 55/618). (3) Cf. Kl. Erw. 615, which is a selection of the bath papers from the time around 1933 in the Hoover library. (4) Frankfurter Allgemeine, 21 Nov. 1974, reader's letter. Insignificant fragments from Goebbels' estate from his student days can be found in the Federal Archives under the signature Kl. Erw. 254. (5) A collection of newspaper clippings concerning Goebbels in the amount of 82 Bde for the years 1931 - 1943 was not filmed at the Yivo-Institut. (6) See the documents in: National Archives Washington, RG 260 OMGUS 35/35 folder 19. Archival processing The order and indexing work on the holdings was relatively time-consuming and difficult, as the order of the files was extremely poor. On the one hand there were no detailed file plans or other registry aids for the mass of files from the budget and personnel departments, on the other hand the file management in the ministry, which at least in its development phase was always deliberately unbureaucratic, left a lot to be desired. Especially during the war, when inexperienced auxiliaries had to be used more and more during the war, the Ministry's staff often complained about the inadequacy of the registries. The organisation of the RMVP's records management showed typical features of office reform (1): Registries were kept on a departmental basis, with each registry having a "self-contained partial list of files". The documents were stored in standing folders (System Herdegen). Instead of a diary, an alphabetical mailing card was kept, separated according to authorities and private persons. The reference numbers consisted of the department letter, file number, date as well as an indication, on which card of an order file the procedure was seized. All in all, the files of the Budget and Human Resources Department were in a certain, albeit unsatisfactory, state of order when they entered the Federal Archives. Numerous volumes from the other departments, on the other hand, were formed in a chaotic manner, possibly as a result of a provisional recording of loose written material when it was confiscated. These were often amorphous and fragmentary materials that lacked the characteristics of organically grown writing. So it was practically impossible to form meaningful band units in all subjects. In the case of some "mixed volumes" with written material on numerous file numbers, only the most frequent ones were noted in the finding aid book. Due to the high loss of files, no strict evaluation standard was applied to the files. The main items collected were volumes from the budget department on preliminary checks in the subordinate area and individual procedures for the procurement and management of managed goods for the purposes of the Ministry. Formal records of non-compliant positions in the business division and a number of unarchivalable documents from the Human Resources Department will still be kept for the foreseeable future for the purpose of issuing service time statements. It is not listed in this guide. Preparatory work for the indexing of the Koblenz part of the stock was carried out by Mr. Oberarchivrat Regel (1967) with regard to the files of the budget department on the Reich's own film assets, Mr. Ltd. Archivdirektor Dr. Boberach (1966) with regard to correspondence and the reference files of the head of the broadcasting department, Hans Fritzsche and Ms. Archivoberinspektorin Schneider, née Fisch (1966) for files of the propaganda department. In 2005, the inventories of the finding aids of both sections of the Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda were imported into the database of the Federal Archives via a retroconversion procedure. The data records were then combined in a classification. Despite the inhomogeneity of the traditions of most specialist departments, it was advisable to maintain the division by departments. (2) Within the departments, the structure was essentially based on file numbers and factual contexts. The file numbers used in the RMVP were - as far as possible - used as aids for further subdivision. The final step was the integration of the personnel files and personal documents from the NS archive (approx. 5000 individual transactions) and the former Berlin Document Center (approx. 700 transactions). The documents taken over are mainly documents from the personnel department (in addition to personnel files also questionnaires and index cards), theatre (applications, appointments, confirmation procedures) and imperial defence (applications in propaganda companies). The personal records also contain isolated documents on denazification from the period 1946-1950. Since a relatively large number of individual transactions from the NS archives were often only a few sheets, transactions that objectively related to one transaction (e.g. applications for interpreting) were merged into one file. The names of the individual persons as well as the old signatures from the NS archive can still be traced via the BASYS-P database. Both the files from the NS archive and those from the former BDC are not always filed according to the provenance principle. However, the files were not separated again. Most of the files taken over from the former BDC are personal files and questionnaires as well as personnel index cards of individual employees of broadcasting stations. A search is still possible via the BASYS-P database. The procedures for the donation "Artist's thanks" still present in the personal records of the former BDC concerning the Theatre Department were not adopted in this context (approx. 15,000 procedures). The names are entered in the BASYS-P database and can be searched there. Notes (1) Rules of Procedure and Registration of 8 May 1942 in R 55/ 618. (2) The structure of the business distribution plan of Nov. 1942 was used as a basis. Abbreviations AA = Federal Foreign Office Department A = Department Abroad AP = Foreign Press BDC = Berlin Document Center BdS = Commander of the Security Police ChdZ = Chief of the Civil Administration DAF = German Labour Front DASD = German Amateur Broadcasting Service e.V. DNB = Deutsches Nachrichtenbüro DRK = Deutsches Rotes Kreuz Dt. = Deutsch DVO = Durchführungsverordnung french = French Gestapo = Geheimes Staatspolizeiamt KdF = Kraft durch Freude KdG = Kommandeur der Gendarmerie KdS = Kommandeur der Sicherheitspolizei Kl. Erw. Small acquisition KLV = Kinderlandverschickung LG = District Court MA = Military Archives, Department of the Federal Archives MdR = Member of the Reichstag MinRat = Ministerialrat MdL = Member of the Landtag NDR = Norddeutscher Rundfunk NSV = National Socialist Volkswohlfahrt o. Az. = without file number or date = without date OKW = Oberkommando der Wehrmacht OLG = Oberstes Landesgericht OLT = Oberleutnant ORR = Oberregierungsrat OT = Organisation Todt PG = Parteigenosse PK = Propagandakompanie RAVAG = Österreichische Radio-Verkehrs-AG Reg. Pres. RMI = Reich Ministry of the Interior RMJ = Reich Ministry of the Interior RMK = Reich Ministry of Justice RMK = Reich Chamber of Music RMVP = Reich Ministry of Education and Propaganda ROI = Reichsoberinspektor RPA = Reichspropagandaamt RPÄ = Reichspropagandaämter RPL = Reichspropagandalleitung RR = Regierungsrat RRG = Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft RS = Reichssender RSHA = Reichssicherheitshauptamt RSK = Reichsschrifttumskammer SBZ = Soviet Occupation Zone SD = Security Service SD-LA = SD-Leitabschnitt SDR = Süddeutscher Rundfunk Sipo = Security Police STS = Secretary of State and a. = among others v. a. = above all VGH = Volksgerichtshof VO = Regulation WDR = Westdeutscher Rundfunk ZSTA = Zentrales Staatsarchiv (Potsdam) citation method: BArch R 55/ 23456 Content characterization: Rounded delivery complexes are available only from the budget department and from the personnel department. From the point of view of financing and personnel management, they illuminate almost all areas of the Ministry's activities. From the specialist departments, the volumes from the Propaganda Department should be emphasized, which document above all the design of propaganda and the propagandistic support of foreign workers and resettled persons in the last years of the war. Also worth mentioning are mood and activity reports of individual RPÄ and suggestions from the population for propaganda and for leading the total war. In the Radio Department there is some material about the design of the radio program and the propaganda reconnaissance with reports about the opposing propaganda, which were compiled from the bugging reports of the special service Seehaus. A separate complex of this department are 14 volumes of pre-files from the RMI with handfiles of the Oberregierungsrat Scholz as representative of the Reich in supervisory committees of broadcasting companies in Berlin from 1926 - 1932. Of the film department there are only a few, but interesting volumes about the film production of the last war years with numerous ministerial documents. The majority of the theatre department's traditions are based on documents on professional issues and the Reich's dramaturgy. From the music department the promotion of musical organizations from the years 1933 - 1935 with pre-files from the RMI, the support and job placement of artists as well as material about the musical foreign relations is handed down. The files of the Department for the Occupied Eastern Territories offer rich sources for questions of Eastern propaganda. The losses are greatest in the departments Law and Organization, Magazine Press, Foreign Press, Foreign Countries, Tourism, Literature and Fine Arts. State of development: Publication Findbuch (1976, reprint 1996), Online Findbuch (2007). Citation style: BArch, R 55/...

Contains: - B. received the report on the 25th anniversary of the department with thanks.