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Preliminary remark: The inventory FL 300/4 II District Court Besigheim: Commercial, Cooperative and Associations Register was reformed within the framework of a systematic spin-off of register documents from the District Court inventory started in 2008 in order to create pure register inventories. It contains documents on the registration jurisdiction of the district court Besigheim, which on the one hand were separated from the already existing stock FL 300/4 (accesses 1983, 1984, 1985), on the other hand the files, volumes and index cards to the register of associations, which arrived with access 2007/40, were incorporated. Around 1970, the commercial and cooperative registers for the district court district of Besigheim were transferred to the district court of Heilbronn. From there, the register for the districts of Besigheim and Marbach was transferred to the district court of Vaihingen/Enz in 1995. Since 01.01.2007, the Central Register Court Stuttgart has been responsible for the commercial and cooperative register. The district court Besigheim at the time of the indexing only keeps the register of associations. For the use of commercial and cooperative register documents is additionally stock FL 300/14 II district court Heilbronn: commercial, cooperative, association register to be consulted. The volumes on the commercial and cooperative register for the district court district of Besigheim, which will be kept by the Heilbronn District Court until 2011, are also included here. To the individual register types: The inventory contains files, volumes and other documents (name lists, minutes) to the trade, cooperative, and association register. The commercial register files were named HRA (sole traders and partnerships) and HRB (corporations) according to the distinction customary today. The present volumes are divided into two time layers. From the establishment of the Commercial Register in 1866 until 1938, a distinction was made between sole proprietorships (designation E) and corporate proprietorships (designation G). In 1938, the current designations HRA and HRB were introduced. The volumes of the Commercial Register were rewritten in map form around 1965.note for use:In the case of register documents, there is a 30-year period for the blocking of the main files, while the special files that are clearly visible as such ("special volumes") are freely accessible.in autumn 2010, the indexing work was carried out by Mrs. Andrea Jaraszewski under the direction of the undersigned, who also carried out the final work. The holdings FL 300/4 II Amtsgericht Besigheim: Handels-, Genossenschafts-, Vereinsregister comprises the files Bü 1-601 (the Bü 87-105 are not occupied for the time being) and the volumes Bd 1-22.Ludwigsburg, in March 2011Ute Bitz

Preliminary remark: The inventory FL 300/16 III Amtsgericht Künzelsau: Handels-, Genossenschafts-, Vereinsregister (Local Court Künzelsau: Commercial, Cooperative and Associations Register) was reformed within the framework of a systematic spin-off of register documents from the inventories of the Local Court to create pure register inventories. It contains documents on the register jurisdiction of the district court Künzelsau, which on the one hand were spun off from the already existing stock F 277 (access 1969 bundles 233-237, 357-372), on the other hand the 7 volumes on the register system in the district court Künzelsau, which arrived with access 2006/74 from the district court Schwäbisch Hall, were incorporated here. With access 2009/122 of the central register court Stuttgart 8 commercial register files HRA arrived, which were closed long ago by the district court Künzelsau and were likewise assigned to the existence. since 1.1.2007 the central register court Stuttgart is responsible for the commercial and cooperative register. The district court Künzelsau today only keeps the register of associations. To the individual register types: The inventory contains files, volumes and other documents (name lists, minutes) to the trade, cooperative, and association register. The commercial register files were named HRA (sole traders and partnerships) and HRB (corporations) according to the distinction customary today. The present volumes are divided into two time layers. From the establishment of the Commercial Register in 1866 until 1938, a distinction was made between sole proprietorships (designation E) and corporate proprietorships (designation G). In 1938, the current designations HRA and HRB were introduced. The volumes of the commercial register were rewritten in map form around 1965. Note for use: In the case of register documents, there is a 30-year period for the blocking of material files for the main files, while the special files clearly visible as such ("special volumes") are freely accessible. The development works were carried out in November 2010 by Andrea Jaraszewski and in May 2011 by Daniel Sabolic under the guidance of the undersigned, who also took care of the final works. The holdings FL 300/16 III Local Court Künzelsau: Commercial, cooperative and association register comprises 192 files and 7 volumes Ludwigsburg, June 2011Ute Bitz

The Commercial Code, which was introduced in Württemberg by the law of 13.08.1865, prescribes the maintenance of a commercial register. These provisions were clarified in the Order of 31.10.1865 on the Maintenance of Commercial Registers (Government Gazette 1865 p.448). In the commercial register the name, branch, legal form and, in the case of corporations, the amount of capital had to be entered. At first the 4 commercial courts in Stuttgart, Heilbronn, Ulm and Reutlingen kept the commercial registers, after the Württemberg judicial reform of 1868 the (higher) district courts. register of associationsThe register of associations was introduced by order of 09.11.1899 (Regierungsblatt p. 845) with the Civil Code (BGB) to 01.01.1900. The legal peculiarities of political associations (e.g. trade unions, parties) are described in the preface of F 303 III (Amtsgericht Stuttgart: Vereinsregister). As in the commercial register, the new entries in the register of associations of the Stuttgart District Court Office end in 1924. The continuation of the commercial register can be found in stock F 303 II, the register of associations in F 303 III.Cooperative registerThe Reichsgesetz of 01.05.1889 stipulated a separation of the commercial register and the cooperative register and thus introduced its own cooperative register. The continuation of the cooperative register can be found in stock FL 300/31 II. Register of matrimonial property rightsThe register of matrimonial property rights regulates the matrimonial property rights of married couples and was introduced together with the BGB on 01.01.1900. District Court District Stuttgart-Amt: The district court Stuttgart-Amt existed until 1924, when in the course of the reorganization of the court division in the Stuttgart area the district court district Stuttgart-Amt was abolished and the district courts Stuttgart-Stadt and Stuttgart-Cannstatt received the designation "Stuttgart I" and "Stuttgart II" from then on (VO of 22.02.1924, Regierungsblatt page 71).In detail, the following were assigned to the district court Stuttgart I: Bernhausen, Birkach, Bonlanden, Echterdingen, Harthausen, Heumaden, Kemnat, Leinfelden, Möhringen a.d. Fildern, Musberg, Plattenhardt, Plieningen, Rohr, Rohracker, Ruit, Scharnhausen, Sielmingen, Sillenbuch, Steinenbronn, Stetten a.d. Fildern, Vaihingen a.d. Fildern and Waldenbuch, the only exception being Feuerbach, which was assigned to the Stuttgart II District Court with its seat in Cannstatt. Processing: The files on hand were handed over by the Stuttgart District Court on 02.08.1894 (Tgb.Nr. 3477/3478). In the course of processing the register files of the Stuttgart Local Court in July 1986, the provenance of the Stuttgart Local Court-Amt was separated from the FL 300/31 holdings and reformed into the F 305 holdings. The students Kerstin Häussermann and Barbara Seiler made the title recordings. These were then sorted by commercial register number. Ludwigsburg, September 1986(Back) Note on retroconversion: This find book is a repertory that was previously only available in typewritten form, which was converted into a database-supported and thus online-capable format according to a procedure developed by the "Arbeitsgruppe Retrokonversion im Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg". In this so-called retroconversion, the basic structure of the template and the linguistic version of the texts were basically retained. However, the classification scheme was adapted and the files sorted by register number in ascending order - in accordance with the project "Erschließung der Handels-, Genossenschafts-, Vereinsregister der Amtsgerichte" ("Development of the commercial, cooperative and association registers of local courts"), which has been in practice since 2008. The previous collection fascicles of the stock were dissolved and each register file was assigned an individual tuft number, so that the old tufts 1-45 were re-signed into the new tufts 1-250. The retro conversion was carried out in spring 2012 by Larissa Huber in the context of a practical course. The support and final editing was carried out by the undersigned. Ludwigsburg, July 2012Ute Bitz

Preliminary remark: Following the example of the French prefect system, King Frederick created the provincial authorities foreign to the old Württemberg administrative structure through the Organization Manifesto of 1806, which he had already formed in the electoral bailiwicks of New Württemberg (1803-1806). The entire country was divided into twelve districts, each of which was made up of an equal number of high offices. Only the residential cities of Stuttgart and Ludwigsburg remained outside the districts. Each district was headed by an aristocratic district governor who, with the help of a legally educated actuary, was in charge of the supervision of the internal administration of his area of office, in contrast to the collegial principle of the New Württemberg bailiwicks. The district administration was poorly staffed and did not have exclusive jurisdiction. The district governor, a "Commissarius perpetuus" between ministries and senior officials, was in the end "not much more than a 'postman' between those offices that really govern and really administer" (Grube).with the manifesto of 27.10.In 1810, the circles were divided geographically into twelve bailiwicks (départements) of about 100,000 inhabitants each, each with a slightly different geographical classification. The names of these départements, mountains and rivers, already show the model of the French départements, which were of course much larger. The district governor was replaced by a bailiff (Grand Drossard), but his position and duties remained unchanged. The district governor or bailiff was assigned a district tax council (Landvogteisteuerrat), which supervised the accounting of the offices and official maintenance as well as the property status of the cities, offices and municipalities, and a criminal advice with special supervision authority over the prisons. He was also in charge of the bailiff's doctor (since 1814) and the road inspector. The IV edict of 18 November 1817 abolished the previous twelve bailiwicks with effect from 1 January 1818 and replaced them with a more efficient middle instance, namely four district governments with sufficient personnel. The 7th district, established by the organisational manifesto of 1806, gave its name to Rottweil. The district comprised the upper offices of Hornberg, Rottweil, Spaichingen, Stockach and Tuttlingen. In 1810 it was transformed into the "Landvogtei am oberen Neckar", again with Rottweil as its official residence. In October 1908, the government of the Schwarzwaldkreis in Reutlingen transferred the existing files to the Archive of the Interior, where Rechnungsrat Marquart prepared a summary index of the individual alliances, which was used as a valid repertory in the Ludwigsburg State Archives until spring 1964. The repackaging of the holdings, carried out in late 1963, was used as an opportunity to carry out a somewhat more detailed indexing of the individual fascicles on the basis of their old inscriptions and to separate out the numerous files from the time of the Electoral Bailiwick (1803-1806). The latter are in future to be found in stock D 7 (Kurfürstliche Landvogtei Rottweil) according to provenance. All this work was carried out under the direction of the undersigned archive employee F. Röhrich. The undersigned himself endeavoured to rearrange the stock, whereby the predominant serial character of the files - probably to be explained by the official competence of the bailiff (outlined above) - suggested a simple grouping according to categories. In order to make the scope of the individual rubrics clearer, an alphabetical order has been omitted in favour of an arrangement according to certain factual aspects. 507 tufts on 8 m. Ludwigsburg, February 1964Dr. A. Seiler Literature: Alfred Dehlinger, Württembergs Staatswesen, Vol. I, Stuttgart, 1951.Walter Grube, Vogteien, Ämter Landkreise in der Geschichte Südwesttschlands Stuttgart 1960.

To the individual register types: Trade registerAfter the Württ. Gewerbeordnungen of 1828 and 1862 a trade enterprise had to be indicated to the community leader. The Commercial Code, which was introduced in Württemberg in 1865, prescribes the keeping of a commercial register. These provisions are specified in the decree on the keeping of commercial registers dated 31.10.1865 (Reg.blatt p. 448/1865). The 4 commercial courts in Stuttgart, Heilbronn, Reutlingen and Ulm were originally responsible for keeping the commercial registers. In the course of the dignified judicial reform in 1868, the (higher) district courts took over the task (Reg.blatt p. 73/1868). In the meantime, each district court no longer maintains its own commercial register, but rather individual district courts are responsible for several districts. For the district court district of Cannstatt, the commercial and cooperative register has been kept since 1924 by the district court of Stuttgart (F 303 II, FL 300/31 II). register of associationsThe introduction of the register of associations was decided by the Bundesrat in 1898, together with the BGB it was then introduced on 1 January 1900. By the entry into the register of associations an association now attained legal capacity (§ 21 BGB). In the past, the status of a legal person had to be conferred by the king for each individual association. With regard to the legal characteristics of political associations (e.g. political parties, trade unions), reference is made to the foreword of F 303 III (Stuttgart District Court, Register of Associations). In distinction to the Commercial Register, the Register of Associations was also continued after 1924 by the Cannstatt District Court (from 1924: Stuttgart District Court II). These provisions were introduced in Württemberg in 1871 (Reg.blatt p. 92). The Reichsgesetz of 1.5.1889 stipulated a separation of commercial and cooperative registers and thus introduced its own cooperative registers. Until 1924, the register of cooperatives was kept independently by the district court of Cannstatt and subsequently by the district court of Stuttgart I. The register of matrimonial property rights regulates the matrimonial property rights of married couples and was introduced together with the BGB on 1.1.1900. Cannstatt County Court District: Until 1905 it was identical with the Cannstatt Oberamt, after which the municipalities of Cannstatt, Untertürkheim and Wangen remained with the district court district of Cannstatt despite their incorporation into Stuttgart. After the dissolution of the Cannstatt Oberamt, a new division of the district court districts was carried out by decree of the State Ministry of 22.2.1924 (Reg.blatt S. 71/1924):Instead of the district courts of Stuttgart, Stuttgart-Amt and Cannstatt, the district courts of Stuttgart I (responsible for the city of Stuttgart without Cannstatt, Obertürkheim and Untertürkheim, and the district high office of Stuttgart without Feuerbach) and Stuttgart II (major part of the former district high court district of Cannstatt without the places fallen to the district high offices of Waiblingen and Esslingen, and Feuerbach) took the place of the district high courts of Stuttgart, Stuttgart-Amt and Cannstatt. When Zuffenhausen and Stammheim were incorporated in 1931 and 1942, these districts fell to the district court district of Stuttgart I despite their geographical distance. A tabular overview, compiled according to Reg.blatt p. 423/1923, p. 71/1924, Staatshandbuch 1928, is at the end of the preliminary remark. Processing: The existing files were handed over to the State Archives Ludwigsburg on 2.8.1984 by the District Court Stuttgart (Tgb.Nr. 3477/3478). In the course of the processing of the register files of the District Court Stuttgart in July 1986, the provenance of the District Court Cannstatt was separated from the holdings F 303 I and FL 300/31 and newly formed to the holdings F 260 II. The Werkschülerinnen Kathrin Gude and Barbara Seiler made the title recordings. Since the register numbers were kept consecutively, it seemed reasonable to leave the files in the F inventory after 1945 as well. Ludwigsburg, September 1986 (Back) Note on retroconversion: This find book is a repertory that was previously only available in typewritten form, which was converted into a database-supported and thus online-capable format according to a procedure developed by the "Retroconversion Working Group in the Ludwigsburg State Archives". In this so-called retroconversion, the basic structure of the template and the linguistic version of the texts were basically retained. However, the classification scheme was adapted and the files were sorted in ascending order according to the register number in accordance with the project "Erschließung der Handels-, Genossenschafts- und Vereinsregister der Amtsgerichte" (Development of the Commercial, Cooperative and Association Registers of Local Courts), which has been in operation since 2008. The previous collection fascicles of the stock were dissolved and each register file was assigned an individual tuft number, so that the old tufts 1-31 were re-signed to the new tufts 1-346. The retro conversion was carried out from January to March 2012 by Larissa Huber within the scope of a practical course. The support and final editing was carried out by the undersigned.Ludwigsburg, March 2012Ute Bitz Overview "Local affiliation of Cannstatt and Stuttgart District Court II (registered office in Cannstatt)": PlacePre 1923/24 After 1923/24Cannstatt Cannstatt District Court Stuttgart District Court IIFellbach Cannstatt District Court WaiblingenFeuerbach District Court Stuttgart-Amt Amtsgericht Stuttgart IIHedelfingen Amtsgericht Cannstatt Amtsgericht Stuttgart I (since 1922)Hofen Amtsgericht Cannstatt Amtsgericht Stuttgart IIMühlhausen Amtsgericht Cannstatt Amtsgericht Stuttgart IIMünster Amtsgericht Cannstatt Amtsgericht Stuttgart IIObertürkheim Amtsgericht Cannstatt Amtsgericht Stuttgart IIOeffingen Amtsgericht Cannstatt Local Court WaiblingenRohracker Local Court Cannstatt Local Court Stuttgart IRommelshausen Local Court Cannstatt Local Court WaiblingenRotenberg Local Court Cannstatt Local Court Stuttgart IISchanbach Local Court Cannstatt Local Court EsslingenSchmiden Local Court Cannstatt Local Court WaiblingenSillenbuch Local Court Cannstatt Local Court Stuttgart IStetten i.R. Amtsgericht Cannstatt Amtsgericht WaiblingenStammheim Amtsgericht Ludwigsburg Amtsgericht Stuttgart I (from 1942)Uhlbach Amtsgericht Cannstatt Amtsgericht Stuttgart IIUntertürkheim Amtsgericht Cannstatt Amtsgericht Stuttgart IIWeilimdorf Amtsgericht Leonberg Amtsgericht Stuttgart II (from 1929)Zazenhausen Amtsgericht Cannstatt Amtsgericht Stuttgart IIZuffenhausen Amtsgericht Ludwigsburg Amtsgericht Stuttgart I (from 1931)

1. on the history of the central management: The founding meeting of the central management of the charitable association took place on 29 December 1816 in the old castle in Stuttgart. Queen Katharina called together a circle of distinguished men and women to communicate her plan for a "charity society", drawn up with the permission of her husband, King Wilhelm I. After further meetings, the central management of the charity was constituted on 6 Jan 1817, approved by royal decree the following day, and the first public call for the formation of local and regional authorities was made. The new institution grew out of an older root. Already in 1805 a "private society of voluntary friends of the poor" had come together in Stuttgart, which wanted to alleviate the plight of the poor in the city by providing public food and employment. But in the inflation of 1816/17 their strength was by far not sufficient. On the one hand, the population in the flat countryside suffered, on the other hand, the society itself in the city of Stuttgart could only inadequately fulfil its self-imposed task. The members of the central administration were appointed and appointed by the queen, after her death by the king; they were active in an honorary capacity and were supposed to represent all strata of the population. The direct leadership had been reserved for the Queen; her deputy in the chair and her successor as president of the central leadership was Privy Councillor August von Hartmann (1819-1847). The office rooms were provided by the state and the reporters and civil servants were paid from the state treasury. The accounts were therefore subject to State control. Central management was not a government agency. As a special institution under the king's control, it was nevertheless able - in accordance with the queen's wishes - to make far-reaching decisions quickly and found the necessary support from the state administrative authorities during its implementation. It was active in the country through the "District Charity Associations", which were formed in the upper districts from the heads of the church and secular administration and in some cases also through "Local Charity Associations" in individual towns. In the city of Stuttgart, the "Lokalwohltätigkeitverein" (local charity association), which emerged from the "Privatgesellschaft" (private company), took over the tasks of a district charity association (see F 240/1), while a separate district charity association was set up at the Stuttgart office - as was the case with other higher offices. In addition to providing the population with food and clothing in years of need, the fight against beggars on the one hand and job creation on the other formed the focal points of their activities. To stimulate savings activity, the "Württembergische Sparkasse in Stuttgart" was founded with an announcement dated 12 May 1818, the supreme supervision of which was transferred to the central management (see portfolio E 193). On 16.5.1818 the "Royal Army Commission" (see fonds E 192) was established as a collegial state authority to carry out state tasks in the promotion of the poor and the economy. Practically only members of the central management belonged to it, so that a very close personal dovetailing with this was given. The central management not only wanted to eliminate current emergencies, but also to get to the root of the problem. For example, industrial and work schools have already been set up for children in order to promote diligence and manual skills through straw and wood work, to prevent neglect and to help them earn some money. In 1849, these existed in 99 towns of Württemberg and employed 6400 children. Vocational training for the next age group was promoted with apprenticeship contributions. Emergency shelters were built for girls at risk, sick and hard-to-reach people were supported in institutions and homes, trade and commerce were supported with loans. In cooperation with the Central Office for Trade and Commerce, the central management (see inventory E 170) introduced new branches of work into the Württemberg economy and promoted the sale of its products. Since 1823, the impoverished communities have been given targeted help in the form of a special state aid and improvement plan; the implementation of these measures was the responsibility of the Armenkommission. Since the middle of the 19th century, the fight against the consequences of natural disasters and war emergencies, as well as disease control, has slowly come to the fore of the central management's activities. The necessary funds were raised from collections and annual state contributions and have been held in an emergency fund since about 1895. In the time of crisis during and after the First World War, the central management used all means at its disposal to help steer the need. At the same time it was the office of the National Committee for War Invalidity Welfare, the National Foundation for the Survivors and the National Office for Homeworking Unemployed Women, organised large collections of money for the benefit of children's, middle-class, old-age and homeland emergency aid and managed the distribution of donations from foreign relief organisations in cooperation with the district charity associations. In addition, she conducted the business for social charitable associations and for national collections, in particular for the Landesverband für Säuglingsschutz und Jugendfürsorge, the Verein für entlase Strafgefangene, the Heimatnothilfe, the Künstlerhilfe and took over the tasks of numerous welfare associations and foundations that had entered into the inflation period (see For more than a century, the central management of the charitable association was and remained the switchboard for welfare work in Württemberg. The central management has always been in close contact with the institutions and associations and has turned its special attention to them by giving suggestions or making significant contributions to numerous foundations. She promoted them by regular contributions and helped by advice, especially in financial terms. The "Blätter für Wohltätigkeit in Württemberg", today "Blätter der Wohlfahrtspflege", published since 1848, spread far beyond the immediate sphere of activity of the central management, but with the expansion of the state tasks the central management gradually lost its independent position. In 1921 it became an institution under public law under the supervision of the Ministry of the Interior and was now called "Central Management for Charity". During the National Socialist era it was renamed "Zentralleitung für das Stiftungs- und Anstaltswesen" (Central Management for Foundations and Institutions), with corresponding restrictions on its scope of duties, since the "National Socialist People's Welfare Office" reserved for itself the more popular areas, in particular emergency aid ("Winterhilfswerk"). After the end of the 2nd World War, the scope of the central management was expanded again and its sphere of activity extended to the former Prussian administrative district of Hohenzollern. But it could no longer attain its former significance. In 1957 it became the "Landeswohlfahrtswerk für Baden-Württemberg" in the form of a foundation under civil law with its registered office in Stuttgart, Falkertstr. 29. 2. On the history of the registry: the first office of the central management of the charitable association was established in the summer of 1817 in the old castle in Stuttgart, in the same place where the constituent meeting of the central management had taken place on 6 January of the same year. The Chancellery, which was also responsible for the business of the agricultural central office, was run from 1817 to 1857 by Regierungsrat Schmidlin as secretary. In 1820 the Chancellery rooms were moved from the Old Palace to the Ministerial Building of Foreign Affairs. In the end, this had an unfavorable effect on the management of the registry and constantly forced compromises to be made. In 1825, 1837 and 1846 Schmidlin had lists drawn up of the files kept in the registry of the Central Management and the Army Commission. The files of both bodies were kept together. The special files (Aalen to Welzheim) were filed in subjects 1 - 66, the general files in subjects 67 - 84. The list of 1837 contains in contrast to the list of 1825, which only describes the general files, also a list of the existing special files and in the appendix a list of the 15 file fascicles handed over in December 1838 by Geh. Rat von Hartmann from the estate of Queen Katharina to the registry of the central administration. Unfortunately, the 1846 directory is no longer available. The connection between the offices of the central management of the charity association and the central office of the agricultural association (with separate registries), which had existed since 1817, was dissolved in 1850 with the transfer of the latter to the Legion barracks, when a second registry was formed for the latter on the occasion of the internal separation of the central management and the Army Commission in 1855; copyist Rieger had great difficulty in dividing up the files and ordering both registries. Due to the close interdependence of the Central Management and the Armed Commission - the members of the Armed Commission were all members of the Central Management - however, a strict separation was not always necessary at that time (and also with the new indexing 1977 to 1979, see E 191 and E 192).1856 In 1857 Chancellor Keller, successor of Secretary Schmidlin in the chancellery, expanded Schmidlin's file plan to accommodate the rapidly growing registry, whereby in particular the various matters previously united under general headings were separated. In the special files, subjects 1 - 66 increased by six to 72, so that the general files were now distributed among 73 - 114 instead of subjects 67 - 84. The files, which were stored in confined spaces in various rooms, could be found quickly on the basis of a central management file directory produced by Keller around 1860 and supplemented up to the beginning of the 20th century, which lists the file subjects in alphabetical order with fan descriptions. Secretary Kuhn undertook a comprehensive reorganization of the registry in 1874. On the one hand, he eliminated 403 file fascicles, mainly local files, for the old registry, which had been completed in 1877, and on the other hand he systematically structured the remaining registry files, leaving out the old subject classification. Obviously this new plan did not come to fruition due to a chronic lack of space, which the Secretariat complained about in a note dated 10 Dec. 1896 to the Ministry of Finance and asked for new premises to be provided. As a result of the sale of the entire property, these offices had to be vacated in 1906; since no suitable state building was available, the private house Furtbachstraße No. 16 was rented. Probably with regard to the move into the house Furtbachstraße, secretary Kuhn designed around 1903 in a modified form a new registry order, which was also then applied in practice. On 26 June 1914 the central administration finally moved into the house at Falkertstraße 29, which it had acquired from the estate of the Kommerzienrat von Pflaum and set up for its purposes. The new accommodation had a favourable effect on the registry conditions insofar as more extensive file accesses could be accommodated in the subsequent period. These were above all the files of numerous associations dissolved as a result of inflation, as well as files from the management of the Central Management for Social Charitable Associations, committees and large relief actions in the emergency years between the two world wars. The storage of these files took place in loose connection with the remaining files. Around 1936, a provisional list of files ("registry plan") was created for the files of the NS-Volkswohlfahrt (National Socialist People's Welfare) with the inclusion of newer files of the central administration. Archival documents on the history of the registry see E 191 Rubr. III 1c Büschel 4532 (offices) and Büschel 4533 (tools). 3. to the order and distortion of the stock: The old files of the central management were handed over to the Ludwigsburg State Archives by the Landeswohlfahrtswerk in 1968 and 1976. In 1976, individual books and periodicals were placed in the service library of the archive from the outset. State Archives Director Dr. Robert Uhland began in 1968 to organize and record the files and volumes, but was already stuck in the early days with this work because of other obligations. As part of a research contract with the support of the Volkswagenwerk Foundation, the holdings were then transferred from 1977 to 1979 under the direction of Senior State Archives Councillor Dr. Wolfgang Schmierer by the scientific director of the Volkswagenwerk Foundation. Employees Dr. Hans Ewald Kessler in cooperation with the archive employees Erwin Biemann and Helga Hecht. The final works, which included the inventory classification and revision of the title records, were carried out from 1981 to 1982 for the inventory group A (files and volumes), Amtsrat Karl Hofer, and for the inventory group B (printed matter), Archivoberinspektorin Regina Glatzle. Since at the beginning of the indexing there were no finding aids available, apart from a very inaccurate index of the older archives, especially for the older ones, it was also not possible to use the older registry data, some of which still existed. The old registers (E 191, Rubr. III 1b Bü 5992 - 5998) were only found during the indexing process. The extensive files and volumes were divided in the course of the indexing work and divorced into the holdings E 191 (central management of the charitable association), E 192 (Armenkommission) and E 193 (central management of the Sparkasse für Württemberg). The external files burst in the registry were excavated and integrated as independent holdings in accordance with their provenance into the corresponding holdings series of the State Archives F 240/1 (Lokalwohltätigkeitsverein Stuttgart), F 240/2 (Bezirkswohltätigkeitsverein Cannstatt), PL 408 (Wichernhaus Stuttgart), PL 409 (Verein zur Unterstützung älterer Honoratiorentöchter), PL 410 (association for artificial limbs), PL 411 (association for worker colonies), PL 412 (association for folk sanatoriums), PL 413 (national association for infant protection and youth welfare), PL 416 (Paulinenverein), PL 417 (Comité zur Beschaffung von Arbeit), PL 418 (association for shameful house arms), PL 419 (harvest association) and PL 705 (estate Heller). All these holdings contain files of originally independent organisations which have been taken over by the central management over time. The inventory E 193 was arranged and registered as a separate file group, which originated at the central management, but concerned its own closed field of work, as a separate file group.15 file fascicles originate from the estate of Queen Katharina and were handed over to the registry of the central management in the year 1838 by Privy Councillor v. Hartmann: they are incorporated in the majority in section I 3 of the inventory E 191. A list of these files is attached to the registry of 1837. E 191 was indexed in individual connected groups according to numerus currens, whereby the title records could only be arranged objectively after completion of the indexing.After several registration plans had been valid for the files of the central management, also different stock groups were not registered by these, the stock E 191 was arranged according to a new stock systematics under consideration of the business circles of the central management and preservation of old registration structures. the stock contains a large number of brochures, above all annual reports and statutes of socially active institutions and associations from the whole German-speaking area. As far as these were collected independently, they were registered under the inventory department B, further are in the associated files. Duplicates as well as the periodical "Blätter für das Armenwesen" and "Blätter der Zentralleitung für Wohltätigkeit in Württemberg", volumes 1890 - 1891, 1896 - 1922 and 1925 - 1939, were taken over to a large extent into the collections (JL 415) or into the service library of the State Archives Ludwigsburg. 7107 numbers in the volume of 97 m were included in the holdings E 191. However, 264 numbers are not documented by subsequent summarization of tufts.Ludwigsburg, March 1982Gez. Dr. Schmierer Supplement 2006: The documents received in 2001, 2004 and 2005 from the Baden-Württemberg Welfare Office were incorporated into the inventory in 2005 (= E 191 Bü 7445-7499).Ludwigsburg, July 2006W. Schneider Supplement 2013: In the course of packaging the inventory in 2010, title recordings and archive units were systematically compared and some errors and inconsistencies were corrected. Stephen Molitor

The file delivery of the Central Office for Trade and Commerce in Stuttgart. Von Walter Grube: The Königlich Württembergische Zentralstelle für Gewerbe und Handel (Royal Württemberg Central Office for Trade and Commerce) has assumed a particularly prestigious position among the authorities that the German states created for their economic administration in the 19th century. It originated as a state college under the Ministry of the Interior in the same revolutionary year of 1848, in which Prussia, Austria and Bavaria established special trade ministries; the notoriously thrifty Württemberg did not know its own ministry for economic affairs until the end of the monarchy, as Baden had in its trade ministry in 1860-1881. Nevertheless, the "Central Office", above all under the leadership of the great Ferdinand von Steinbeis (1856-1880), was successful in economic policy, which, in addition to the achievements of the ministries of trade and commerce of other countries, was quite impressive. It was thanks to the work of the Central Office that Württemberg, which was poor in raw materials, technically still lagging behind, and had unfavorable transport connections, soon became the actual state of state trade promotion, from which people for a long time tried eagerly to learn, not only in Germany. The Central Office played a decisive role in the restructuring of the Württemberg economic structure in the age of the Industrial Revolution. The historian of her first heyday in 1875 has divided her versatile field of activity into the following groups: 1. "Consultative services" in legislative and administrative matters: trade, customs, trade, banking and building legislation, coinage, measure and weight, commercial security police, iron and salt extraction, transport, taxation and more.a.; 2. teaching activities: trade schools, travelling teachers, trade training workshops, model and teaching material collection, trade model store, library, journalistic work, associations; 3. "Direct influence on commercial activity": markets, trade fairs, stock exchanges, exports, foreign commercial agencies; 4. direct influence on commercial activity": support with capital and technical suggestions for all branches of industry; 5. regimental activity" mainly as a state patent office, state exhibition commission, central authority for chambers of commerce and industry, state calibration authority and in the administration of commercial foundations. Among these activities, in the country conscious of its school tradition, "instructive work" has always rightly been regarded as a special glorious page of the Central Office; the Protestant Prelate Merz once called it a "jewel of Württemberg". Not least due to the educational work of the central office and the commission for the commercial further training schools founded in 1853, a down-to-earth tribe of recognised skilled workers grew from day labourers, small farmers' and vineyard gardeners' sons, from guilt-bound master craftsmen and a poorly developed trading class of that highly qualified entrepreneurship which, in addition to the broad stratum of vital small and medium-sized enterprises characteristic of Württemberg, has created many a company of world renown. The far-sighted way in which the Central Office, overcoming some resistance, drove trade promotion and economic policy in general at that time was still noticeable in its effects up to the crisis resistance of the Württemberg economy, which was widespread and much envied in the thirties of our century.After the state revolution of 1918 had also given Württemberg its own ministries for the economy (Labour Ministry and Food Ministry, 1926 united to form the Economics Ministry), the Central Office for Trade and Commerce was reorganised by decree of the State Ministry of 30 November 1920 under new distribution of responsibilities to the State Trade Office. For the organization of the state economic administration, this was not as revolutionary as the founding of the Central Office, with which a completely new epoch of Württemberg industrial history had begun. But the reorganization was more far-reaching than the repeated renewal of the "Basic Provisions" of 1848, through which the Central Office had repeatedly adapted itself to the changes in economic life and in the relationship between the state and the economy in the course of its seventy-year history. The Central Office, the creation of the revolution of 1848, thus underwent its strongest transformation to date through the revolution of 1918. As one can easily understand, the precipitation of files from the Central Office represents a unique source in the state sector for the economic history of Württemberg in the years 1848-1920. In addition, the Central Office had taken over not inconsiderable files of older semi-private institutions founded or sponsored by the state, such as the "Gesellschaft für Beförderung der Gewerbe" (Society for the Promotion of Trade) founded in 1830 and the "Handels- und Gewerbsverein" (Trade and Trade Association) founded in 1819, and later partly also the "Zentralstelle des landwirtschaftlichen Vereins" (Central Office of the Agricultural Association) established in 1817. The registry of the Stuttgart Central Office for Trade and Commerce in 1920, when it was transformed into the State Trade Office, contained the relevant records of a full century. The Central Office, like the majority of the 19th century ministries and state resource authorities, has not exercised little care in its registry. The first registry plan of the newly founded authority, which was first provisionally housed in the building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, was drafted in 1850 by Reinhardt's secretary, a booklet of only 37 pages; it remained in force throughout the Steinbeis era until the early eighties. The files taken over immediately in 1848 by the Gewerbeförderungsgesellschaft and the Handels- und Gewerbeverein were incorporated into the individual departments of the registry in 1850. The same procedure was followed when, in 1882, on the occasion of the reorganization of the registry of the Central Office for Agriculture, the previous files of the Central Office of the Agricultural Association had been handed over to the association, as well as again in 1888, when papers from the estate of the well-known national economist Moriz Mohl were handed over to the association. In 1869 a separate room had to be set up for the registry, which until then had been housed in the only chancellery room, and the three "full-grafted" file shelves had to be increased by two new ones. In 1883, not long after the Director (and later President) Robert von Gupp took office, a fundamental reorganization of the further swollen registry overflowing into the corridors and attic had become indispensable. The work was transferred by the Ministry of the Interior to the civil servant Heberle of the Oberamt Schwäbisch Hall, since it could not be handled by the few civil servants of the central office, and was only completed after three years. The new registry plan drawn up by Heberle, now already a volume of 200 pages, has been preserved, while his repertory, four times as extensive, unfortunately did not come to us. For the first time, Heberle systematically separated the current registry (then 1109 fascicles) from the old registry (then 1242 fascicles). On the occasion of these works also the first file cassations of considerable size took place (about 180 fascicles and volumes). The surviving elimination lists show that this was done conscientiously and that there was probably very little collected, which would be of interest to the economic historian today. The order created in 1883-85 has survived the relocation of the central office to the new magnificent building of the Stuttgart State Trade Museum in 1896; even today, a large part of the files can be found in the fascicles formed and inscribed by Heberle. In the new building, in 1901-1902, the old registry, which had already grown into a proper official archive, could be separated and appropriately furnished in the attic. In 1905-1908, Obersekretär Hauser produced a new file plan of 800 pages for old and current registries, using but also improving the Heberleschen order, which was in use until the reorganization of the Central Office in 1920 and has fortunately been preserved. The fact that substantial parts of it then fell victim to the bombs of the Second World War is one of the most sensitive source losses for research. All files of the Central Office, which had been sent to the Ministry of Economy by the State Trade Office in the wake of the organisational changes of 1920, were burnt with the Ministry of Economy, including valuable files on chambers of commerce, trade contracts and customs 1819-1870 as well as on railways 1857-1913. Apart from the ruinous remains, all files of the Central Office that were still in the possession of the Stuttgart State Trade Office during the Second World War have also been destroyed, including not only extensive material from the first two decades of the 20th century, which was still curious at the time, but also some departments dating back a long way, some of which still had files from the "Gesellschaft für Beförderung der Gewerbe" (1830-1848) and its predecessors. These were once two larger deliveries by the Stuttgart State Trade Office from 1930 and 1939, a total of about 40 m (today inventory E 170), and the files of the Patent Commission of the Central Office, which were handed over by the Reich Patent Office in 1939 and which, according to the German Patent Law of 25 January 1877, were not available for inspection. The first volume was sent to Berlin in May 1877 (Reichsgesetzblatt pp. 501ff.) (11 m, today stock E 170a), and finally 60 volumes of invoices from the Zentralstelle (1848/49-1908/09, 2 m), which the Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg had taken over in 1921 with the invoice section of the former Finanzarchiv (today stock E 224a). The existing registry aids, administrative repertories, handover and elimination directories no longer allow even a rough percentage to be given today of how the volume of this rescued document (a total of 53 linear metres) relates to that of the lost document. But on the basis of Hauser's file plan of the Central Office from 1905-1908 at least the larger and for research most perceptible gaps in the inventory handed down to us can be determined. For example, most of the minutes of the meetings are missing, the files on the well-known Stuttgart State Trade Museum (the second oldest in Europe) and those on the Information Centre for the Construction Industry; in addition to the diaries, the once demonstrably existing files on the large library of the Central Office - the most important of Germany's trade libraries -, on social insurance, industrial legal protection, building legislation, traffic with foodstuffs, luxury foods and utensils have been completely lost. Despite these and other gaps, the preserved files of the Central Office and its predecessors still represent an invaluable source for the economic history of the Württemberg royal period. It is well known that the records of the commercial enterprises, most of which grew out of small businesses, are often extremely incomplete and not easily accessible for general use; the valuable archives of the Stuttgart and Ulm Chambers of Commerce were almost completely destroyed by the Second World War. The central tradition of state industrial promotion thus offers not only the only opportunity to explore the great transformation process of the 19th century as a whole; it is also widely the only source both of the history of hundreds of individual enterprises and of the emergence of economic self-government. This source was already not completely unused. But for a long time, the partially quite inadequate degree of their development prohibited the real exploitation of them. Only the annual accounts of the Central Office (in inventory E 224a) did not require any special expenditure for archival finding aids. In chronological order, you will find detailed evidence of all measures for industrial education and support for trade, of each "sending experts abroad and appointing tradesmen from the same field" (as one of the invoice headings reads), of the purchase of models, drawings, samples, sample tools, machines and inventions, of exhibitions and prize distributions, of the introduction of new branches of industry and the upgrading of existing ones, of the promotion of the sale of goods, of trade associations and craftsmen, and finally of expenditure on fundamental studies of industrial development. Anyone looking for individual companies or persons in the accounts must of course, in order to reach their goal quickly, already be aware of the vintages in question, and must also be content with the fact that 19th century accounts, less informative than some from earlier times, essentially give facts and only rarely motives.In 1949, the State Archives Ludwigsburg was able to complete a hand-written archive repertory for the patent files of the Central Office (fonds E 170a), which had been taken over in 1939 without any index, during the executive board of the then Oberarchivrat Dr. Max Miller. In two volumes (with together more than 1000 pages) it lists the protocols of the patent commission and some general files as well as the chronologically arranged special files on all Württemberg patents examined by the central office in the years 1848-1877 (with name index). In addition, for the years 1841 to 1848, it makes accessible the relevant preparatory files of the Central Office of the Agricultural Association, which was responsible for the patent system at that time, characteristic of the Biedermeier view of commercial economy. The collection, easily accessible since 1949 (a total of 2373 tufts), contains patent files of Swabian inventors (e.g. Daimler, Max Eyth, Magirus, Gebrüder Mauser and Friedrich Voith) as well as numerous patent applications of non-Württembergians (from the rest of Germany, from other European countries and from America), all in all quite considerable documents for the history of technology. It proved to be more difficult for the archive administration to catalog the even more important and far more extensive file deliveries of the Landesgewerbeamt of 1930 and 1939, the first of which is already listed in K.O. Müller's printed "Gesamübersicht" of 1937 (fonds E 170). In the research service of the State Archives, especially since the Second World War, there have been repeated attempts to use these files for surveys of company histories and anniversaries. But the scarcity of the summary handover lists made this an always time-consuming and often unsuccessful effort. Even the question of individual facts and data could embarrass the archivist; there was absolutely no question of a systematic evaluation of the holdings for the economic and social history, which is becoming more and more important from year to year. Paul Gehring's important essays on Württemberg economic history in the 19th century had to be written without the use of these files, especially under the difficult working conditions of the war and post-war years. Under these circumstances, the production of a scientifically useful repertory became an urgent desideratum of both administration and research. Fortunately, in 1958, the efforts of State Archives Director Dr. Max Miller to obtain funds from the State Trade Office of Baden-Württemberg for the temporary employment of a legally and economically trained processor of these trade and commercial files were successful. The typewritten repertory E 170 comprises three state folio volumes of almost 1000 pages and, restored according to the Hauser file plan from 1905-1908, makes the holdings usable right down to their finest ramifications. Some of it certainly is of predominantly regional or even only local historical interest. But much of it shows in surprisingly rich detail how systematically the Central Office used the experiences and models of the then technically and socially advanced German and non-German states (above all Belgium and England) to raise the Württemberg economy. There are numerous files on the secondment of entrepreneurs, technicians and craftsmen abroad for technical and artistic training, on experiments with foreign machines and production processes, on the appointment of foreign specialists, on participation in major international exhibitions from Paris and London to Philadelphia and Melbourne. Thus, the collection of files shows the way in which a 19th-century German middle-class state developed its craft with comparatively modest but skilfully invested financial expenditures and helped its industry to become internationally competitive. At the goal of this way stood, that was the specifically Württemberg of a gemeindeutschen procedure per se, a quality industry of large variety and healthy decentralization. The typewritten finding aid was provided by Rudolf Denk, Walter Grube and Wolfgang Schmierer (completion 1969). Note: This finding aid book is a repertory which has been available only in typewritten form up to now and which has been converted into a database-supported and thus online-capable format according to a procedure developed by the "Working Group on Retroconversion in the State Archives Ludwigsburg". This can lead to a certain discrepancy between the modern external appearance and the today partly outdated design and wording of the title records, in particular:- corrections, deletions and supplements were checked and incorporated.- The title records of archive units found to be missing were taken over and provided with a corresponding note ("Missing since ...." or similar).- If the allocation of new order numbers was unavoidable, the old signature was verified in the respective title record and in a separate overall concordance.

Preliminary remark: The inventory FL 300/10 IV district court Esslingen: The Commercial, Cooperative and Associations Register was reformed as part of a systematic spin-off of register documents from the Local Court holdings, which was started in 2008, in order to create pure register holdings. It contains documents on the registration jurisdiction of the district court Esslingen, which so far in inventory FL 300/10 IV were registered only in tax lists and from the additions 1989, 1999/076, 2002/002, 2003/059, 2005/058, 2006/045 and 2006/070 originate. The volumes on the Trade and Cooperative Register as well as lists of cooperatives were sent to the State Archives with access 2013/025, the volumes on the Muster- und Zeichenregister, the Vereinsregister as well as evaluated Vereinsregister files with access 2014/060. For the use of trade and cooperative register files of the district court district of Esslingen, please refer to fonds F 264 II. In this inventory, the older register tradition is recorded under the abbreviation "HRG", i.e. both the company firms and the individual firms since the beginning of the commercial register in 1866. Also the companies with the first numbers of the series HRA and HRB after 1938 are in stock F 264 II. Since the F 264 II finding aid register was made available in an online version as part of the retroconversion, the time-consuming spin-off of this older register version was dispensed with. Since January 1, 2007, the Central Register Court in Stuttgart has been responsible for the commercial and cooperative register; this has also been accompanied by the conversion to the electronic register. Since 01.01.2014 also the register of associations is centralized there. To the individual register types: The inventory contains files, volumes and other documents (name lists, minutes) to the trade, cooperative, and association register. The commercial register files were named HRA (sole traders and partnerships) and HRB (corporations) according to the distinction customary today. The present volumes are divided into two time layers. From the establishment of the Commercial Register in 1866 until 1938, a distinction was made between sole proprietorships (designation E) and corporate proprietorships (designation G). In 1938, the current designations HRA and HRB were introduced. The volumes of the Commercial Register were rewritten in map form around 1965.note for use:In the case of register documents, there is a 30-year period for the blocking of material files for the main files, while the special files clearly visible as such ("special volumes") are freely accessible.in spring 2013 and summer 2014, the indexing work was carried out by Andrea Jaraszewski under the direction of the undersigned. The holdings include volumes 1-89 and the tufts 1-975 Ludwigsburg, in December 2014Ute Bitz

Preliminary remark: The present admission work for the teaching profession in secondary schools was submitted by the Ministry of Culture in 1950. The majority of these works were created in the years 1930-1940, some of them dating back to the beginning of the 20th century. They were recorded by the archivist W. Böhm under the direction of the undersigned around 1960 and put in alphabetical order. After a longer interruption of the recording work, the indexing could be completed in 1968. 704 tufts = 5.5 m. Ludwigsburg, September 1970Gez. W. Bürkle Nachtrag: Bü 705-765 were received in 1993 via the State Archives Sigmaringen from the Landeslehrerprüfungsamt, a branch office of the Oberschulamt Tübingen in the State Archives Ludwigsburg and were assigned to the collection E 203 II.

Preliminary remark: The inventory FL 300/15 II District Court Kirchheim/Teck: Commercial, Cooperative and Associations Register was reformed within the framework of a systematic spin-off of register documents from the District Court inventory started in 2008 to create pure register inventories. It contains documents on the register jurisdiction of the district court Kirchheim/Teck, some of which were separated from the holdings F 276 II, F 276 III and FL 300/15 I. The documents are available in German only. With access 2013/92, all volumes of the Trade and Cooperative Register as well as lists of comrades were received at the request of the State Archives. The access 2014/37 contained the volumes to the register of associations and evaluated association register files. Since 1 January 2007, the Central Register Court in Stuttgart has been responsible for the Commercial and Cooperative Register, and since 1 January 2014 also for the Register of Associations. To the individual register types: The inventory contains files, volumes and other documents (name lists, minutes) to the trade, cooperative, and association register. The commercial register files were named HRA (sole traders and partnerships) and HRB (corporations) according to the distinction customary today for the individual register types:. The present volumes are divided into two time layers. From the establishment of the Commercial Register in 1866 until 1938, a distinction was made between sole proprietorships (designation E) and corporate proprietorships (designation G). In 1938, the current designations HRA and HRB were introduced. The volumes of the Commercial Register were rewritten in map form around 1965.note for use:In the case of register documents, there is a 30-year period for the blocking of the main files, while the special files clearly visible as such ("special volumes") are freely accessible.The cataloguing work was carried out by Ms Andrea Jaraszewski in autumn 2013 and spring 2014 under the direction of the undersigned.The holdings comprise volumes 1-59 and files Bü 1-791.Ludwigsburg, May 2014Ute Bitz

By decree of 9 September 1818, a district court was formed in each of the four newly created districts of the Kingdom of Württemberg, which initially consisted of three senates - the criminal, civil and pupil senates. In Ellwangen he replaced the Criminal Court, which had only been established in 1817 as a special court, which had replaced the old Bailiff's Court. The jurisdiction of the District Court extended to the entire Jagst Circle and the higher administrative courts within it, for which it formed the next higher instance, as well as to the court and official notariates created in 1819 and 1826, respectively. All District Courts, at which in 1822 married senates and 1843 public prosecutor's offices were still established, underwent a fundamental reorganisation in the years before the foundation of the Reich: through the creation of four further District Courts in 1868, the court districts were reduced in size, two of which now existed in each of the four districts. The initiation, continuation and termination of the investigation procedures have now been decided by newly formed Council and College Chambers. The senates were renamed chambers, the pupil senates responsible for guardianship were merged into the respective civil chambers. The public prosecutor's offices at the courts were no longer subject to them, but became independent authorities subordinate to the public prosecutor's office at the upper tribunal. In 1879 the Württemberg court constitution was fully incorporated into the Reichsjustizverwaltung. Like all the others, the Ellwang District Court has now become a regional court, presided over by a president, with the necessary number of judicial and administrative officials. The Ministry of Justice itself became the superior of the public prosecutor's offices. This court constitution essentially lasted until 1935, when all state courts - including the Ellwangen Regional Court - became imperial authorities. After the creation of the state of Baden-Württemberg, the court organisation was largely restored in the Württemberg part of the state. The Ellwangen Regional Court, which is subordinate to the Stuttgart Higher Regional Court, now comprises the 8 districts of Aalen, Bad Mergentheim, Crailsheim, Ellwangen (Jagst), Heidenheim a.d. Brenz, Langenburg, Neresheim and Schwäbisch Gmünd. Contents and Evaluation The collection of older administrative files of the District Court or Regional Court Ellwangen, which is present here and reshaped at the time of the indexing, is only a small remnant of a once quite extensive administrative archive, as can be seen from older lists of files (cf. Bü 10, 11 and 12). If, for example, one extrapolates the data of the alphabetical index of facts and persons established around 1875, an alpha-numerical file plan that was not consistently handled, a total volume in the range of 350 - 450 tufts emerges (!). Probably in the course of 1884, older administrative and procedural files (before about 1835) of the predecessor authorities were retired (cf. Bü 13). A second wave of cassations apparently took place in the course of the introduction of a new, detailed file plan soon after 1900. Of those files that were still in the cassation until about 1900, a second wave was not yet available. 1900 (Bü 12), only minor remains remained (generalia of the chancellery as well as "normals" of the presidential registry), which apparently escaped their fate only because they reached the general registry of the civil chamber early - until 1868 partly via the pupil senate - and were mixed there with older procedural files at a much later point in time; a fact which is substantiated by the fact that 12 tufts had to be removed from the previously unrecorded collection, since these are lists of the Generalia in pupil and matrimonial matters, but predominantly procedural files in family foundation and Fidei compromise matters. Of the remaining archival records of the older registry, the files relating to the Reichskammergerichtliche Akten zu Wetzlar of 1824 (Bü 6) as well as those relating to official dealings with foreign authorities of 1856/57 (Bü 3) deserve special attention; the latter in so far as the interesting overviews contained therein still reflect the status of the authorities before the assignment of Lombardy (1859) and Veneto (1866). The files here for the period after 1900 are essentially personal files which - as the file numbers indicate - were not kept centrally but within the new registration scheme according to local pertinences - in this case (official) court districts. Strangely enough, individual disciplinary files for the period 1823-1876 (Bü 23) escaped subsequent cassation. However, after a chronological list of disciplinary penalties (Bü 24) had been drawn up in 1876, this seemed to be sufficient to safeguard the tradition. The fact that an individual case (in parts) remained handed down is only due to the fact that the corresponding document (Bü 25) was inserted in front of the back cover of the so-called "Penalty Book" (Bü 24). The files probably arrived at the Ludwigsburg State Archives shortly before or soon after the war. At any rate, approaches to provisional indexing and separation of provenances during this period are discernible. From the stock - so far not counted tufts in three file bundles - 12 tufts were extracted, which are to be integrated into the stock E 338 (district court / regional court Ellwangen, pupillary senate or non-contentious cases). From the remaining larger part, 25 tufts (partly new) were formed, arranged and recorded in February/March 1995. Personnel files of referees, magistrates and judicial officials in the district court district that have not yet been indexed were removed from inventory E 337 III in autumn 2015 and allocated to this inventory (Bü 26-37).

The history of the district governments: The district governments were established by the 4th Edict of 18 Nov. 1817 at the same time as the district chambers of finance were revoked in 1849. Previously, the entire administration in Württemberg had been led by a central government college, in which sections had been formed for the various branches of the administration, in addition to the district governorates, which had only little competence and were called bailiwick bailiwicks from 1810 onwards, as well as the municipal and district authorities. The division of the country into districts and the creation of provincial colleges was modelled on the French Departmental Constitution of 1789, which also formed the basis for a new administrative organisation in other German states at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1818 it was put into effect, and at the same time the sections of internal administration, medicine, roads, bridges, hydraulic engineering, local government and the Commission for Municipal Use and Allodification of Farm Loans existing in the Ministry of the Interior, the section of crown domains, the section of state accounts, the section of agriculture, the section of state coffers in the Ministry of Finance, the section of foundations in the Ministry of Church and Education were abolished.After the instruction of Dec. 21. In 1819, the district governments were the supreme authorities in their area for all matters of state administration in the field of regimes (sovereign administration), the state police and the state economy, and for the administration of the property of municipalities, official bodies and foundations, insofar as these objects were not assigned to other district or central offices (Chambers of Finance as well as Protestant Consistory, Catholic Church Council, Academic Council, Superior Building Council, Provincial Stud Commission, Medical College, Superior Chamber of Accounts, Tax College, Forestry Council and Bergrat).The old 1819 directive was valid for 70 years, it was only replaced by the Decree of 15 Nov 1889 on the organisation of district governments and the course of their business. Their business was handled by a president as a member of the board, administrative councils and collegial assessors as well as the necessary office staff. For the technical consultation a county medical council was temporarily assigned to the health service, for the road, bridge and hydraulic engineering of the municipalities a construction council, another for the building industry of the municipalities and foundations an expert was assigned, for the permissions of steam boiler plants. Business was transacted partly through collegial consultation and decision-making, partly through the office.In the course of time, a number of important tasks were transferred from the original tasks of the district governments to other middle and central authorities, such as the Ministerial Department for Road and Water Construction (1848), the Central Office for Agriculture (1848), the Central Office for Trade and Commerce (1848), the Ministerial Department for Building Construction (1872), the Corporate Forestry Directorate (1875), the Medical College (1881) and the Higher Insurance Office (1912).After 1870, new tasks arose for the district governments through new Reich and state laws, namely the Industrial Code, the laws on the formation of district poor associations, on the administration of administrative justice, on the representation of Protestant church and Catholic parishes and on the compulsory expropriation of land. In addition, at the beginning of the 20th century, the water law was reorganized, social legislation was expanded and direct supervision of large and medium-sized cities was allocated. In 1924, in the course of the dismantling of civil servants and offices, the district governments were replaced by a new ministerial department for district and corporate administration, affiliated to the Ministry of the Interior, for all competences which were not transferred to the higher offices and the ministry.Literature- Alfred Dehlinger, Württembergisches Staatswesen, 1951 - 1953 (esp. § 127)- Handwörterbuch der württembergischen Verwaltung, edited by Dr. Friedrich Haller 1915- Denkschrift über Vereinfachungen in der Staatsverwaltung vom 27.2.1911, in: Verhandlungen der Württ. Zweiten Kammer 1911/12, Beilage 28, S. 385ff. (Dep. of the Interior). To the district government of Ellwangen: The seat of the Jagstkreis government established at the beginning of 1818 was Ellwangen. She was in charge of the higher offices of Aalen, Crailsheim, Ellwangen, Gaildorf, Gerabronn, Gmünd, Hall, Heidenheim, Künzelsau, Mergentheim, Neresheim, Öhringen, Schorndorf and Welzheim. While the number of senior offices in the district government remained constant, the composition of the districts was changed by the law of the 6th District Court in 1889.7,1842 The change in the delimitation of the upper administrative districts concerned the following change: from OA Aalen the municipality Jagsthausen to the municipality Westhausen, OA Ellwangen and from OA Schorndorf the municipality Aichschieß with Krummhardt to OA Esslingen.Until 1839, the district government was jointly responsible with the district finance chamber for the administration of the old Ellwang archive, which was subsequently under the direction of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the archive management until it was handed over to the state branch archive in Ludwigsburg in 1868. Four years later, the latter was entrusted with the exclusive supervision of this archive (information from Dr. A. Seiler. The records of Ellwangen Monastery and Abbey in the Ludwigsburg State Archives, 1976, page 7 and E 175 Bü 214). Structure, order and distortion of the inventory: In November 1924, the processing office - registry of the district government of Ellwangen - handed over the remainder of the registry to the state branch archive in Ludwigsburg (from 1938: state archive of Ludwigsburg) - in contrast to the other 3 district governments, which had already made larger deliveries to the archive of the Interior around 1900, the first delivery of their own files since the foundation of the district government to a competent archive (so far inventory E 175 I/III files and volumes). Among these irreplaceable written materials were the older personal files of the officials of the district government and the upper offices, the diaries and directorates of the district government until 1870 and the upper office visits until 1889. Other documents were transferred to the successor authorities as a result of the transfer of responsibilities (see above) and in the course of the liquidation transactions, in 1924 primarily to the higher offices and the ministerial department for district and corporate administration in Stuttgart. The old plans of Ellwangen, which were kept in the registry of the district government, were handed over to the Ellwangen Antiquities Society by the settlement office, as can be seen from a letter of the Ministerial Department for District and Corporation Administration dated 3 Nov. 1924 in E 175 Bü 214 (see E 175 Büschel 207 and 214 for the history of the registry).From the files and volumes of the district government (inventory E 175 I) delivered at the end of 1924 with a handover index of 39 pages (inventory E 175 I), a handwritten find book was produced in 1936/37 according to the fascicle inscriptions. The separation and redrawing of the volumes followed in 1977 (inventory E 175 III). Two supplementary volumes produced in the years 1970 and 1983 recorded the files of the district government, which were partly separated by the ministeiral department itself, partly from their holdings in the State Archives Ludwigsburg during indexing work (holdings E 173 II). The newly formed holdings E 175 consist of the previous partial holdings as follows:- E 175 I Kreisregierung Ellwangen - Akten, alt Bü. 1-531, now E 175 Bü. 174-6483.- E 175 III Kreisregierung Ellwangen - volumes, old vol. 1-173, now E 175 volume 1-173 - E 175 II Kreisregierung Ellwangen - files (supplements), old vol. 1-1069, now E 175 vol. 6484 - 7564 The new indexing of the before only roughly indexed main stock E 175 I took place in the given order of the files and groups of files which largely corresponded to the original arrangement at the Kreisregierung (groups of files in simple alphabetical order). In the subsequent structuring of the finding aid book, larger and thus clearer main groups were formed, whereby the composition of the subgroups themselves was not changed and as such appear in the system; the more recent title entries for the volumes and supplements could be transferred to the main holdings almost unchanged. Of these, 0.6 linear metres were classified in inventory F 169 Oberamt Gmünd, 1.5 linear metres of economic and bar licences from the years 1798-1822 were formed as a separate file inventory E 251 V Steuerkollegium, further documents (duplicates of forms and printed matter) in the amount of 0.3 linear metres. For 471 plans and cracks still attached to the files, reference maps for the inventory JL 590 were produced. The indexing of the files and indexing according to places and persons was carried out by the archivist Erwin Biemann from March 1988 to May 1992. The structure and editing of the finding aid book was provided by the undersigned, the fair copy of the finding aid book by means of EDP provided Mrs. Hildegard Aufderklamm. The title entries of the finding aid book and the corresponding indices contain all individual cases by place and person (in the case of families only the name of the applicant) due to the detailed indexing of the file groups citizenship - citizenship and emigration. Ludwigsburg, February 1995Hofer Zur Retrokonversion: This finding aid book is a repertory that was previously only available in handwritten or typewritten form and was converted into a database-supported and thus online-capable format according to a procedure developed by the "Working Group on Retroconversion in the Ludwigsburg State Archives".In this so-called retroconversion, the basic structure of the template and the linguistic version of the texts were retained in principle (motto: "copy instead of revision"). This can lead to a certain discrepancy between the modern external appearance and the partly outdated design and formulation of the title recordings. Corrections, deletions and additions were verified and incorporated.

The history of the district governments: The district governments were established by the 4th Edict of 18 Nov. 1817 at the same time as the district chambers of finance were revoked in 1849. Previously in Württemberg the entire administration had been led by a central government college in which sections had been formed for the various branches of the administration, in addition to the district governorates, which had only little competence and were called bailiwick bailiwicks from 1810 onwards, as well as the municipal and district authorities. The division of the country into districts and the creation of provincial colleges was modelled on the French Departmental Constitution of 1789, which also served as the basis for a new administrative organisation in other German states at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1818 it was put into effect, and at the same time the sections of internal administration, medicine, roads, bridges, hydraulic engineering, local government and the Commission for Municipal Use and Allodification of Farm Loans existing in the Ministry of the Interior, the section of crown domains, the section of state accounts, the section of agriculture, the section of state coffers in the Ministry of Finance, the section of foundations in the Ministry of Church and Education were abolished.After the instruction of Dec. 21. In 1819 the district governments in their district were the highest authorities for all objects of the state administration in the field of regimes (sovereign administration), the state police and the state economy and for the administration of the property of the municipalities, official bodies and foundations, insofar as these objects were not assigned to other district or central offices (Chambers of Finance, Protestant Consistory, Catholic Church Council, Study Council, Superior Building Council, Provincial Stud Commission, Medical College, Upper Chamber of Accounts, Tax College, Forestry Council and Bergrat).The 1819 directive was valid for 70 years and was only replaced by the Decree of 15 Nov. 1889 on the organisation of district governments and the conduct of their business. The business of the district governments was conducted by a president as executive committee, administrative councils and collegial assessors as well as the necessary office staff. For technical advice, a county medical council was temporarily assigned to the health service, a construction council for the road, bridge and hydraulic engineering of the municipalities and foundations, another for the construction of the municipalities and foundations, and an expert was assigned to the approvals of steam boiler plants. Business was transacted partly through collegial consultation and decision-making and partly through the office.In the course of time, a number of important tasks were transferred from the original tasks of the district governments to other middle and central authorities, such as the Ministerial Department for Road and Water Construction (1848), the Central Office for Agriculture (1848), the Central Office for Trade and Commerce (1848), the Ministerial Department for Building Construction (1872), the Corporate Forestry Directorate (1875), the Medical College (1881) and the Higher Insurance Office (1912). After 1870, new tasks arose for the district governments through new Reich and state laws, namely the Industrial Code, the laws on the formation of district poor associations, on the administration of administrative justice, on the representation of Protestant church and Catholic parishes and on the compulsory expropriation of land. In addition, at the beginning of the 20th century, the water law was reorganized, social legislation was expanded and the large and medium-sized cities were directly supervised. In the case of the tasks of the internal state administration to be performed by the district governments, these were either the decisive or the decreing authority of the first instance or the supervisory and complaints authority or the examining and mediating authority.In the course of the reduction of civil servants and offices, the district governments were replaced in 1924 by a new ministerial department for district and corporate administration, affiliated to the Ministry of the Interior, for all responsibilities that were not transferred to the upper offices and the ministry.Literatur- Alfred Dehlinger, Württ. Staatswesen, 1951 - 1953 (esp. § 127)- Handwörterbuch der Württ. Verwaltung, edited by Dr. Friedrich Haller, 1915- Denkschrift über Vereinfachungen in der Staatsverwaltung vom 27.2.1911, in: Verhandlungen der Württ. Zweiten Kammer 1911/12, Beilage 28, S. 385ff. (Dep. of the Interior). Ludwigsburg district government: Ludwigsburg was the seat of the government of the Neckar district established in 1818. It was in charge of the city administration and the Stuttgart higher office as well as the higher offices Backnang, Besigheim, Böblingen, Brackenheim, Cannstatt, Esslingen, Heilbronn, Leonberg, Ludwigsburg, Marbach, Maulbronn, Neckarsulm, Vaihingen, Waiblingen and Weinsberg. She was also directly responsible for the men's workhouse in Vaihingen/Enz. The district government exercised supervision over the Neckar Circle's Landarmenbehörde (poor country authority), based in Ludwigsburg. Regarding the history of the collection and its redrawing: After more than 70 years of existence, Registrator Bilfinger carried out a radical reorganization of the registry for the first time in 1864-1867 at the Ludwigsburg district government. At that time it still contained numerous files from the period 1806-1817, taken over by predecessor authorities, in particular the section of the internal administration (upper government), the section of the local administration and the section of the foundation system (crown domain section, 3rd section). Due to filing overcrowding, around 138 hundredweight files - mainly specialia - were collected. Only the files from 1846 remained in the current registry, the older files before 1846 were placed in a depot. At the same time Bilfinger, based on the older registration plans of 1832 and around 1850 - with division of the files into Generalia and Spezialia as well as alphabetical arrangement of the file bundles (categories) - produced in 1867 a file plan comprising all registration parts, which was valid up to the dissolution of the district government in 1924 at the same time, above mentioned depots were transferred, with few exceptions, in 1910 because of repeated lack of space to the archive of the interior. With this delivery also extensive files of the former Landvogtei an der Enz (now in stock D 75) as well as the files about the lower service examinations (old E 173 V) arrived, from which in 1979 the examination works in the amount of 4.7 running metres were collected.In 1924, after the abolition of the district governments, the processing office of the registry of the former district government Ludwigsburg handed over the bulk of the files to the state branch archive Ludwigsburg, smaller parts above all to the ministerial department for district and corporation administration and to the upper offices as successor authorities, from which they later were to be transferred to the state branch archive Ludwigsburg.T. again reached the State Archives Ludwigsburg via other places (cf. E 173 I Bü 1590: Filing excretion at the District Government Ludwigsburg with directories). the General Acts have essentially been handed down in their entirety, whereas in the Special Acts irreplaceable losses are to be deplored. While a considerable part of the cassation of 1864-1867 was already a victim, in 1944 a bomb attack in Stuttgart destroyed most of the special files from the delivery of 1924, namely the sections "Departures to Scholarships" and with these the protocols and diaries of 1846-1924. Only two years earlier, former Rechnungsrat G. Wörner had recorded these files in the State Archives of Ludwigsburg (old repertory E 174 I). Because of the unclear division of the records of the district government into several partial collections (E 173 I - E 173 V), for which mostly only summary deliveries and archive directories used as finding aids were available, a fundamental redrawing was urgently necessary in the interest of research. The mass of the volumes, in particular the diaries and protocols 1818-1845, had already been made independent, ordered and listed as fonds E 173 II in 1971. Since 1974, the files have been indexed using the numerus currens-procedure in the given order of the alphabetically ordered file headings, which were separated into Generalia and Spezialia. After completion of the indexing, the general records of the various old holdings were formed as holdings E 173 I, the special records as holdings E 173 III. Here the title records of the same rubrics from the different registry layers (deliveries) were arranged into each other and finally the numerous file rubrics - for E 173 I and III in the same way - were summarized under newly formed main rubrics in order to better structure the stock in the factual context. This had the consequence, however, that the numerical order on which the files were based could not be made in the repertory (spring numbers). inventory E 173 I now unites the generalia - the delivery of 1910 (from inventory E 173), - the delivery of 1924 (originally inventory E 174, then E 173 IV), and - the deliveries and supplements after 1924 (unlisted) = Büschel 1-1599.Stock E 173 III consists of the specials:-the delivery of 1910 (from stock E 173) = Büschel 1 - 7518--the delivery of 1924 (from stock E 174, then E 173 IV rubrics Criminal Cases - Forced Expropriations, rubrics Alms Scholarships 1944 burned) = Bü 7520-8674 -the deliveries and supplements after 1924 (stock E 173 V) = Büschel 8675-8823.Dr. Wolfgang Schmierer and archive employee Erwin Biemann were responsible for the development of the E 173 I collection. In 1986, Dr. Schmierer was responsible for the final work, during which numerous foreign provenances were excavated, but those of only a few documents were left in the files, and the provenance was generally noted in the title entry. The excavated documents with a total volume of 8.3 linear metres could be incorporated here into existing B, D, F and IL holdings (from E 173 I = 1.5 linear metres, from E 173 III = 6.8 linear metres). 0.5 linear metres of files (from E 173 III) were submitted to the Main State Archives in Stuttgart for storage. A total of 8 linear metres of files were cassated (from E 173 I = 3 linear metres, from E 173 III = 5 linear metres). files of the Ludwigsburg district government are in stock E 162 I, Medizinalkollegium, in stock E 166 I-IV, Ministerialabteilung für den Straßen- und Wasserbau, in E 180 II-V, Ministerialabteilung für Bezirks- und Körperschaftsverwaltung and in E 184 I, Zentralkommission in Ablösungssachen.The stock E 173 I comprises 1599 tufts with a circumference of 34.4 linear metres of shelving.Ludwigsburg, 3 February 1986Dr. Wolfgang Schmierer On retroconversion: This finding aid book is a repertory that was previously only available in handwritten or typewritten form and was converted into a database-supported and thus online-capable format according to a procedure developed by the "Retroconversion Working Group in the Ludwigsburg State Archives". This can lead to a certain discrepancy between the modern external appearance and the partly outdated design and formulation of the title recordings. Corrections, deletions and additions were verified and incorporated.

Preliminary remark: Karl Hein was born on 20 February 1901 in Frankfurt/Main. After passing the one-year voluntary examination, he joined the Royal Prussian Railway Administration in Frankfurt in 1916, where he was initially employed in field service at railway stations and offices as well as in telegraph and radio service. In 1927 he won a prize at the 4th International Telegraph Competition in Como and obtained the Funkpatent I in Berlin. Great. From 1934 to 1941, he was responsible for drawing up express train timetables and bus traffic on Reichsautobahnen in the timetable department of the Reichsbahn Directorate in Frankfurt. Between 1941 and 1945 he organized the Wehrmacht vacation traffic and courier services at the Reich Ministry of Transport in Berlin. Immediately after World War II, Karl Hein was employed as a travel official at the Frankfurt regional office of the United States Zone in connection with U.S. Railway stations (Railway Grand Divisions and Second Military Railway Service), where he was responsible for rebuilding rail traffic. From 1947 until his retirement in 1964, he was employed in the operations department of the Head Office of the Railways (HVE), later the Head Office of the German Federal Railways (HVB), from 1947 until his retirement in 1964, and from 1948 as head of their travel agency. In this function, Karl Hein had the task of organising and supervising train journeys for high-ranking personalities, in particular heads of state and members of government, at home and abroad. Since he took part in these special train journeys himself, he came into personal contact with almost everything that had rank and name in the Federal Republic of the 50s. Among others he accompanied Theodor Heuss, Heinrich Lübke, Konrad Adenauer, Ludwig Erhard, Charles de Gaulle, Schah Reza Pahlevi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi, Alcide de Gasperi, Emperor Haile Selassie I. of Ethiopia, King Paul I. of Greece, Archbishop Makarios, etc.The highlight of his career was undoubtedly his participation in Adenauer's trip to Moscow in 1955, which resulted in the establishment of diplomatic relations between Bonn and Moscow and the release of the German prisoners of war. For his work he received numerous awards, such as the Federal Cross of Merit and Officer's Crosses of Orders in Italy, Greece, Madagascar and Liberia. Karl Hein collected numerous memorabilia on his travels, especially postcards and photos, but also file material, invitation cards, travel programs etc. and kept them carefully, partly glued on photo cardboard and inscribed. This collection was donated by his daughter Lydia von Prondzynski, Bad Oberdorf, to the Ludwigsburg State Archives in 1991. It documents not only a special piece of railway history at a time when trains were still travelling as "rolling embassies" of statesmen through documents about technical details of the trains looked after by Karl Hein and about the condition of the routes travelled, but also allows a charming look behind the scenes of major state visits.The present stock PL 718, which comprises 0.4 linear m = 15 archive units, was ordered and indexed by the undersigned in February 1991. The computer-aided fair copy of the repertory was obtained by Hildegard Aufderklamm.Ludwigsburg, March 1991Leuchweis

The file of the Stuttgart Passakten is not a collection of archival material, but rather an archival finding aid that indexes the passacts of the years 1914-1922 in stock F 201 (Stadtdirektion Stuttgart) and 1923-1944 in stock F 215 (Polizeipräsidium Stuttgart). The file goes back to a card index of 41 boxes, which was retroconverted by auxiliaries until 2011. The volumes dating back to 1914, which were not fully recorded in the index, were subsequently recorded. The 1914 cut was chosen because of the passport requirement introduced this year. Contents and evaluation In the file F 215 a the following archives are indexed by name: F 201 Bü 411-601 F 215 Bü 1-623 If there are several first names, the first name is the first. The place of birth is entered in the 'Last department' field. The passport files usually contain the application for a passport, usually with a photograph of the applicant, as well as the expired old passport that has been confiscated. The old passport contains information on travel activities, such as entry and exit stamps. The passports of the volumes 1849-1913 (F 201 Bü 382-410, summarized in the finding aid F 201) and the passport duplicates in fonds F 201 D are not included in the file.

Contents and evaluation Preliminary remark By Gisela Scharlau The tax files of Jewish citizens taken over by the Heilbronn tax office in 1999 contain documents on all common types of taxes such as income tax, property tax, trade tax and turnover tax from the period from 1913 to 1943. They also contain correspondence, purchase contracts, documents on tax audits, tax proceedings, etc. Since the persons concerned are exclusively Jewish citizens of Heilbronn who were either able to emigrate or were deported during the Third Reich, the special features are the Reich Flight Tax levied since 1931 on emigration, the Jewish property levy due in 5 instalments in 1938/1939 and other reprisals directed against the Jews such as the delivery of valuables and the compulsory purchase in Jewish old people's homes. In the end, the formerly wealthy people affected were mostly destitute and often still dependent on the support of relatives abroad (the permits of the foreign exchange offices for the payment of the money are enclosed), who had succeeded in emigrating in time. The files also contain the "tax clearance declaration" required for emigration. It was usually valid for 6 months and was extended several times, in many cases it was completely useless and no longer saved the victims from deportation. In addition to police deregistrations with emigration data, the files also contain deportation data. "("The Jew ... was expatriated in the calendar year 1942 and deported from the Reich" or "now in the East".) In addition to files of individuals, the collection contains company files of Jewish companies, most of which had already ceased operations (until 1938). The people mainly come from Heilbronn, but a large part also come from other parts of Württemberg, mainly from Stuttgart. These are mostly elderly people who were forcibly transferred from Stuttgart old people's homes to the Jewish old people's home Eschenau near Heilbronn. Most of the persons concerned were either deported to Riga on 01.12.1941 or to Theresienstadt on 22.08.1942 and, with very few exceptions, murdered. When these files were recorded, an attempt was made to also ascertain the life data of the family members concerned, insofar as these were included in the tax documents. In addition to life data and occupation, the places of residence or company headquarters should also provide information about the fate of the people; a local register should make it easier to find people coming from other places. Additions to the title entry were taken from the three publications listed below and placed in square brackets. The logical additions resulting from the files are in round brackets. A list of abbreviations explains the abbreviations used. The inventory K 26 comprises 170 title records; some files are heavily mouldy. The duration of the tax files begins in 1913 and ends in 1943. All parts of the files created after 1945 relate to reparations proceedings.

Preliminary remark: The Repertory JL 403 unites for the first time the various series of general rescripts and ordinances, some of which have been provisionally and some of which have not yet been recorded in the State Archives of Ludwigsburg, in the different repertory series. 271-294 recorded printed series of 1806-1817, in more recent time (about 1970) with the addition of younger pieces newly listed in the concept (note); b) a series of printed pieces of 1361-1817, with a larger number of patents of the Swabian circle of 1652-1781, listed in the concept by a more recent provisional repertory (JL 403); c) a handwritten series of 1806-1811, mostly decrees of the Oberlandesregierung to the district offices (- captains), mostly decrees of the Oberlandesregierung to the district offices (- captains). of the Section of the Internal Administration to the Rural Bailiwicks, around 1960 by the employee Friedrich Röhrich in the concept and d) an unrecorded series of 1741-1817 from the Archive of the Interior. The control and revision of the existing title recordings as well as the establishment of the repertory took place from December to March 1980/1981 by the undersigned. In November, under his guidance, Paula Lepold, a member of the temporary staff, carried out the recording of the part mentioned under d) above and the creation of a complete chronological series of the holdings and the index. A small collection of manifestos of Tsarist Russia, which does not refer to the territory of Württemberg, was placed at the end as an appendix, as well as a collection of general rescripts from the period 1515-1817 (Bü 32-40), which was not separated from the E 179 II District Government of Ulm until 1982. In addition, handwritten tradition and octave format (abbreviated: hs., Of the more than three copies of the same content handed down in duplicate, a total of 1.25 linear metres were discarded, a few publications of a general kind were assigned to the service library. If necessary, the holdings A 39 and A 238 kept in the Main State Archives in Stuttgart are also to be consulted.40 tufts of 3.2 linear metres of Ludwigsburg, March 1981Hofer, are part of the holdings.

Preliminary remark: The present holdings comprise the maps and plans which were stored separately from the files and documents in the archives of the manor Unterdeufstetten (Fichtenau, SHA). These are mainly printed maps that can be divided into two larger groups. Cards concerning the knighthood possession Unterdeufstetten are next to those which have a further frame of reference. The geographical horizon ranges from maps of the Swabian Albverein to railway maps of the German Reich and world maps. Among them is a special group of World War I maps owned by Friedrich von Praun, whose wife Irene had inherited the manor Unterdeufstetten from her father Erwin von Seckendorff ( 1923). The maps and plans run from 1764 to 1950. The present holdings comprise 56 archive units. It was developed by Gisela Scharlau and entered into the computer system. Ludwigsburg in December 2003Maria Magdalena Rückert was the undersigned.

Preliminary remark: The inventory FL 300/14 II Local Court Heilbronn: Commercial, Cooperative and Associations Register was reformed within the framework of a systematic spin-off of register documents from the local court inventory started in 2008 for the creation of pure register inventories. It contains documents on the register jurisdiction of the district court district of Heilbronn and the dissolved districts of Bad Wimpfen, Eppingen and Neckarsulm. The District Court of Neckarsulm was closed in 1943 and the District Court of Eppingen was dissolved in 1974. In the course of the restructuring of the district courts after 1972, the commercial and cooperative registers of the district courts of Besigheim, Brackenheim and Marbach were transferred to the district court of Heilbronn. These three "active" district courts Besigheim, Brackenheim and Marbach, however, still maintain the register of associations themselves, therefore the files and volumes of the register of associations have to be searched in the respective provenance holdings. In 1995, the commercial and cooperative register of the district courts of Besigheim and Marbach was transferred to the district court of Vaihingen an der Enz. Since 1.1.2007, the Central Register Court in Stuttgart has been responsible for the commercial and cooperative register. On the one hand, the available register documents were separated from the already existing FL 300/14 (access 10.11.1982 and access 22.02.1984), on the other hand they originate from the deliveries of the Heilbronn Local Court to the register system, which arrived as accesses 2006/26, 2007/25, 2007/81, 2008/42, 2009/27, 2009/60, 2009/122, 2010/12. In February 2011, the District Court of Heilbronn handed over to the State Archives all remaining register volumes for all court districts included in this collection from the vault there under the access number 2011/17. Only for the court district of Heilbronn there are unfortunately no more volumes on the trade and cooperative register, as these were burned by the effects of war in 1944. A special feature of the Heilbronn district court district are the inland shipping and shipbuilding registers, for which numerous register files have been submitted to the State Archives. However, the Heilbronn Local Court still retains the associated ship register volumes. To the individual register types: The inventory contains files, volumes and other documents (name lists, minutes) to the trade, cooperative, and association register. The commercial register files were named HRA (sole traders and partnerships) and HRB (corporations) according to the distinction customary today. The volumes normally available at the local courts are divided into two time layers. From the establishment of the Commercial Register in 1866 until 1938, a distinction was made between sole proprietorships (designation E) and corporate proprietorships (designation G). In 1938, the current designations HRA and HRB were introduced. The volumes of the commercial register were rewritten in map form around 1965.note for use:The main files of register documents are subject to a 30-year period of suspension, while the special files clearly visible as such ("special volumes") are freely accessible.the title records for a large part of the files and lists of the comrades were made by Mrs. Marisel de la Vega until spring 2010. Mrs. Andrea Jaraszewski continued the development work from May 2010 under the direction of the undersigned and in March 2011 started the access of the register volumes. The final work was done by the undersigned. Ludwigsburg, March 2011Ute Bitz Supplements: Andrea Jaraszewski handled the access of the District Court of Heilbronn received in February 2012 under the accession number 2012/23. The access contains the first "list of comrades" of numerous cooperatives, i.e. the list of founding members. In addition, the machine-written reconstructions of the HRA, HRB and GnR series of the Heilbronn and Brackenheim districts of the Local Court (Amtsgerichtsbezirke) were made to replace the register volumes burnt during the war in 1944.Ludwigsburg, July 2012Ute BitzThe access received in February 2013 under the accession number 2013/15 was processed by Andrea Jaraszewski. The access contains the property right register files of the former Grand Duke of Hesse Local Court Wimpfen, which have been taken over for special archiving, inland shipping register files as well as evaluated association register files. Ludwigsburg, October 2013Ute BitzThe access received in January 2014 under the accession number 2014/8 was processed by Andrea Jaraszewski. It contains the register of associations I and II of the former district court Neckarsulm, inland shipping register files and evaluated association register files.Ludwigsburg, March 2014Ute Bitz

Preliminary remark: The camera office Sindelfingen existed from 1806 to 1922. In detail the following changes occurred:According to the decree of 07.07.1807 (Württ. Reg. Bl. 1807, page 249) concerning the allocation of sovereignty districts the office Moors of the Patrimonialherrschaft v. Röder the Kameralamt Sindelfingen assigned. according to regulation of 06.06.1819 (Württ. Reg. Bl. 1819, page 293-304) concerning reorganization of the Kameralämter the Kameralamt Sindelfingen of the Kameralamt Leonberg took over: Bruderhaus, Büssnauer Hof, Büssnauer Wirtshaus and the forest districts Böblingen and Rohr in the forestry office Leonberg. by order of 06.05.1837 (Württ. Reg. Bl. 1837, page 225) concerning dissolution of the camera offices Merklingen and Herrenalb the camera office Sindelfingen has taken over the places Dätzingen and Schafhausen from the upper office Böblingen. according to regulation of 06.03.1843 (Württ. Reg. Bl. 1843, page 213) the Kameralamt Sindelfingen has taken over from the Kameralamt Weil im Schönbuch: the municipalities Altdorf, Breitenstein, Holzgerlingen, Neuweiler, Schönaich, Weil im Schönbuch as well as the forest district Weil im Schönbuch in the forest district Tübingen: the Landkameralamt Stuttgart has taken over the municipalities Kaltental, Möhringen, Rohr and Vaihingen. Retroconversion: This find book is a repertory that was previously only available in handwritten or typewritten form and has been converted into a database-supported and thus online-capable format. In this so-called retroconversion, the structure of the template and the linguistic version of the texts were basically retained (motto: "transcription instead of revision"). This can lead to a certain discrepancy between the modern external appearance and the partly outdated design and formulation of the title recordings.

Preliminary remark: The camera office Stuttgart existed from 1806 to 1922. While from 1806-1843 there was only one city camera office Stuttgart, in 1843 the camera office Weil im Schönbuch was moved to Stuttgart as a special state camera office. Finally, in 1860, both camera offices were merged into one camera office in Stuttgart. In detail, the following changes occurred in the organisation of the Kameralamt Stuttgart:According to the order of 06.05.1837 (Württ. Reg. Bl. 1837, page 226), the Kameralamt Stuttgart took over the town of Botnang from the Kameralamt Leonberg.by decree of 06.03.1843 (Württ. Reg. Bl. 1843, pages 212-213), the Kameralamt Weil im Schönbuch was moved to Stuttgart as the Landkameralamt. At the same time, the Stuttgart City Camera Office has taken over the Hohenheim hunting ground belonging to the Leonberg Forestry Office from the Cannstatt Camera Office. The Land-Kameralamt Stuttgart, on the other hand, has 1. taken over:a) from the Kameralamt Esslingen the municipalities of Bernhausen, Birkach, Harthausen, Heumaden, Kemnat, Obersielmingen, Ruit and Untersielmingenb) from the Stadt-Kameralamt Stuttgart the municipalities of Botnang, Degerloch, Feuerbach and Gaisburgc) from the Kameralamt Sindelfingen the municipalities of Kaltental, Möhringen, Rohr and Vaihingen2. a) the municipalities Altdorf, Breitenstein, Holzgerlingen, Neuweiler, Schönaich, Weil im Schönbuch as well as the forest district Weil im Schönbuch belonging to the Tübingen forest district to the Sindelfingen camera authorityb) the municipality Hildrizhausen to the Reuthin camera authorityc) the municipality Dettenhausen to the Tübingen camera authorityc) the city and country camera authorities of Stuttgart were merged in accordance with the Fin. Min. of 26.03.1860 (Official Gazette of the Württ. Ob. Fin. Chamber of 1860, page 17). In addition to extensive older files (from about 1650-1805), files from the following camera offices were excavated from the entire holdings of the Stuttgart Camera Office: Cannstatt, Esslingen, Leonberg, Nellingen, Neuffen, Sindelfingen and Weil im Schönbuch. Since the remaining stock had to be separated in various ways for reasons of provenance, any previous files must be searched for at the above camera offices. 285 tufts = 2 linear metres are listed below. Retroconversion: This find book is a repertory that was previously only available in handwritten or typewritten form and has been converted into a database-supported and thus online-capable format. In this so-called retroconversion, the structure of the template and the linguistic version of the texts were basically retained (motto: "transcription instead of revision"). This can lead to a certain discrepancy between the modern external appearance and the partly outdated design and formulation of the title recordings.

On the history of the district governments and the district government of Ulm: The district governments were brought into being by the 4th edict of 18 Nov. 1817 at the same time as the Finance Chambers, which were revoked in 1849. Previously, in Württemberg the entire administration had been led by a central government college in addition to the district governorates, which had only little authority and were called bailiwick bailiwicks from 1810 onwards, as well as municipal and district authorities, where sections were formed for the various branches of administration. The division of the country into districts and the creation of provincial colleges was modelled on the French Departmental Constitution of 1789, which also formed the basis for a new administrative organisation in other German states at the beginning of the 18th century. In 1818 it was put into effect, and at the same time the sections of internal administration, medicine, roads, bridges, hydraulic engineering, local government and the commission for communal use and allodification of peasant loans existing in the Ministry of the Interior, as well as the section of crown domains, the section of state accounts, the section of agriculture, the section of state treasuries in the Ministry of Finance, the section of foundations in the Ministry of Church and Education were abolished.After the instruction of Dec. 21. In 1819 the district governments in their district were the supreme authorities for all matters of state administration in the field of regimes (sovereign administration), the state police and the state economy and for the administration of the property of municipalities, official bodies and foundations, insofar as these objects were not assigned to other district or central offices (Chambers of Finance as well as Protestant Consistory, Catholic Church Council, Study Council, Superior Building Council, Provincial Stud Commission, Medical College, Upper Chamber of Accounts, Tax College, Forestry Council and Bergrat).The old 1819 directive was valid for 70 years, it was only replaced by the Decree of 15 Nov 1889 on the organisation of district governments and the course of their business. Their business was handled by a president as a member of the board, administrative councils and collegial assessors as well as the necessary office staff. For technical advice, a county medical council was temporarily assigned to the health service, a construction council for the road, bridge and hydraulic engineering of the municipalities and foundations, a construction council for the construction of the municipalities and foundations, and an expert for the approval of steam boiler plants. Business was transacted partly through collegial consultation and decision-making, partly through the office.In the course of time, a number of important tasks were transferred from the original tasks of the district governments to other middle and central authorities, such as the Ministerial Department for Road and Water Construction (1848), the Central Office for Agriculture (1848), the Central Office for Trade and Commerce (1848), the Corporate Forestry Directorate (1875), the Ministerial Department for Building Construction (1872), the Medical College (1881) and the Higher Insurance Office (1912).After 1870, new tasks arose for the district governments through new Reich and state laws, namely the Industrial Code, the laws on the formation of district poor associations, on the administration of administrative justice, on the representation of Protestant church and Catholic parishes and on the compulsory expropriation of land. In addition, at the beginning of the 20th century, the water law was reorganized, social legislation was expanded, and direct supervision of large and medium-sized cities was assigned to the district governments, which were responsible for the internal state administration - see the following table of contents - either as the decisive or the enacting authority 1. In the course of the dismantling of civil servants and offices, the district governments were replaced in 1924 by a new ministerial department for district and corporate administration, affiliated to the Ministry of the Interior, for all responsibilities that did not pass to the upper offices and the ministry. (Literature: Alfred Dehlinger, Württembergisches Staatswesen, 1951 - 1953 (especially § 127); Handwörterbuch der Württembergischen Verwaltung, edited by Dr. Friedrich Haller, 1915; Denkschrift über Vereinfachungungen in der Staatsverwaltung vom 27.2.1911, in: Verhandlungen der Württ. Zweiten Kammer 1911/12, Beilage 28, S. 385ff. The seat of the government of the Danube district established in 1818 was Ulm (district government of Ulm). It was responsible for the upper offices of Biberach, Blaubeuren, Ehingen, Geislingen, Göppingen, Kirchheim, Laupheim (before 1842 Wiblingen), Leutkirch, Münsingen, Ravensburg, Riedlingen, Saulgau, Tettnang, Ulm (with Albeck since 1819), Waldsee and Wangen. Equally ordered to these, but without the powers of the "high police" and the general state administration, were the - in 1849/50 dissolved - sovereign offices (patrimonial offices) Aulendorf (Gräfl. Königsegg-Aulendorfsches Amt), Buchau, Obermarchtal, Obersulmetingen and Scheer (Fürstl. Thurn and Taxis offices), Castle Waldsee (Prince Waldburg - Wolfegg - Waldsee Office), Wolfegg and Wurzach (Prince Waldburg-Wurzachs offices) and Zeil (Prince Waldburg - Zeil - Trauchburgs Office). In addition, it was in charge of the port management in Friedrichshafen, which was set up to handle the shipping and port police as well as the passport and alien police at the Württemberg port and landing areas. The district government exercised supervision over the Landarmenbehörde für den Donaukreis with its seat in Ulm. On the history of the registry: The large volume of files in the district governments, due to their extensive business activities, brought with it a periodically recurring overfilling of their registries, which in the 19th century was accompanied by cassations (maculation and sale of old files), after 1900 by duties to the archives of the interior or Extensive cassations took place at the district government in Ulm on the occasion of the relocation of the district government from the German House to the so-called Palais in 1859 and at an internal transfer of the chancellery in 1876 (cf. elimination lists in E 179 II Büschel 6565). Since everything that had lasting i.e. legal value for the administration was preserved according to instructions, the central, historically most valuable written record of the district government since its foundation was preserved despite these and other smaller cassations.Until the reorganisation of the registry in 1906, the registry of the district government of Ulm consisted of five departments (registries), most of which had their origins in previous authorities; in detail, these were Department I - II Regierungssachen, Spezialia und Generalia, Department III - IV Kommunsachen, Spezialia und Generalia (based on the registry of the municipal administration section) and Department V Registratur der Stiftungsverwaltung (according to the old classification, cf. Repertorium D 50). Within these departments, the files - with the exception of the foundation cases - were in alphabetical order.When the registrar Narr took office in 1887, the registry was in a precarious state, which he described as follows: "There is no repertory, the boxes and compartments are not numbered, the latter are not provided with rubrics, the fascicles are not overwritten, so that the official is only dependent on his memory and for months the files have not been repositioned" (report of 4.6.1887 in E 179 II Büschel 278a /85). This was remedied by the preparation of a file plan, which involved the external and internal reorganization of the registry. This now consisted essentially in the summary of rubrics - the original alphabetical order of the files had long since been broken - , in the division of the fascicles arranged according to objects according to places or according to the alphabet of the personal names from the year of engraving 1860 as well as in the allocation of storage place signatures according to boxes and subjects (see "Repertorium" in E 179 II Vol. 392).Change in the still largely outdated registry conditions was created in 1906 by Secretary General Nell with the amalgamation of the five departmental registries and the introduction of a registry plan comprising both the current and the depots of the 19th century with alphabetically arranged main sections, systematically subdivided sub-groups and box signatures (see "Repertorium" in E 179 II Vol. 393). After the abolition of the district governments in 1924, the processing office of the registry handed over the files of the former district government of Ulm to the state branch archives as well as to smaller parts of the ministerial department for district and corporate administration and to the upper offices (v.a. Civil rights files - admission, naturalizations, dismissals) as successor authorities, from which they later in part were transferred to the Ludwigsburg State Archives via other offices (cf. list of departures to E 173 - 180). To the order and distortion of the stock: For the use of the files of the district government Ulm only cursory archive and handover directories were available in the State Archives Ludwigsburg so far, which did not satisfy scientific requirements.As part of the longer-term re-drawing of the holdings of the four district governments, the inclusion of the official books of the Ulm district government was completed in 1970 (Repertorium E 179 I by Walter Böhm and Walter Bürkle). In contrast, the indexing of the file holdings begun in 1966, which was accompanied by a re-forming of the heavy and unwieldy file collections, took almost two decades. In spite of a wide range of official demands, the first arranger, Amtsrat Müller, with the temporary support of archive inspector candidate Joachim Herzer, was able to record almost half of the total 213.6 metres of shelving until his retirement in 1977. The title recording for the second part was made - with the assistance of the temporary employee Wally Vogler, who ordered and recorded the administrative administration of justice - by Karl Hofer, Councillor of the Office, from 1982 to 1984, who also edited the finding aid book.In fonds E 179 II, Kreisregierung Ulm, the following individual fonds have now been added (see also above):1. Delivery of the Kreisregierung Ulm from 1906 (to the Archiv des Innern): a) Generalia, developed by Archivrepertorium by Rechnungsrat Marquart from 1908 (Bund 1 - 99) as well as provisional Zettelrepertorium by Amtsrat Müller from 1966 ff. (Bü 1 - 986), 14 m. M (so far fonds E 179 );b) Spezialia, indexed as a) (Bund 1 - 381) as well as provisional note repertory by Amtsrat Müller 1966 ff. (Bü 1 - 1983), 70 current M (so far fonds E 179 III);2nd delivery of the processing office of the registry of the district government Ulm from 1924 (to the Staatsfilialarchiv Ludwigsburg): General and special files after 1906 with extensive old files, indexed by the delivery directory from Dec. 1924 (Bund 1 - 517) as well as provisional note repertory by Amtsrat Müller 1966ff. (Bü. 3834 - 4157) and Amtsrat Hofer with the collaboration of Zeitangestellten Vogler (Bü. 4158 - 8485) 119.5 m (so far fonds E 179 III);3. Delivery of the ministerial department for district and corporate administration in Stuttgart from 1924 (to the Staatsfilialarchiv in Ludwigsburg): Supplements, indexed by the delivery index of Nov. 1924 (Bund 171 - 212) as well as a preliminary repertory of notes by Amtsrat Müller and Archivinspektoranwärter Herzer from 1974ff. (Bü. 3001 - 3833), 13.5 linear metres (so far collection stand E 173 - 180);4. Deliveries from the State Archives Sigmaringen (received there from the Regierungspräsidium Tübingen and from district offices) as well as from the Main State Archives Stuttgart (from the inventory of the Ministry of the Interior) from 1980 - 1983: Supplements, unlisted, title recordings 1984 by Amtsrat Hofer, 1.25 linear metres. M (= fonds E 179 IV) Foreign provenances were excavated to a greater extent from the 1906 delivery, but in the case of only a few documents were left with the files and the provenance assignment was noted in the title entries (see overview of foreign provenances in the appendix of the preliminary remark). The excavated documents could be assigned to already existing archival holdings, namely D 48a, Upper Government of the Department of Criminal Investigation and Upper Police Department or the Section of Internal Administration from 1806 - 1817 (access 4 m), D 49, Landesökonomiekollegium or Section of Municipal Administration from 1806 - 18917 (access 1.50 m), D 37, Section of Crown Domains and Foundations from 1811 - 1817 (access 9.5 m) and D 79 - 82, Districts and Bailiwicks from 1806 - 1817 (access 2.3 m). A total of 0.8 linear metres of records were handed over to the Main State Archives in Stuttgart and the State Archives in Sigmaringen, while 4 linear metres of records were cashed in for the Low Service Examination. ), it was possible for the benefit of the future evaluation of this extensive document delivery to form a total stock from the individual deliveries on the basis of this file plan. The title entries for the newer parts could be sorted back on the basis of the file numbers which are assigned analogously for the older parts ("Generalia - Spezialia"). the title entries created in the numerus currens-procedure kept their numbering even after the classification, so that the numerical order is preserved in the magazine, but not in the repertory. The original double numbering of the stocks "Generalia" and "Spezialia" could be eliminated by renumbering the "Spezialia" Büschel 1 - 1983 in Büschel 1001 - 2983, thanks to a larger numbering gap. The stock E 179 II has a circumference of 213.6 m. The highest order number is 8689. Order numbers that are not assigned are documented in the section on "Retroconversion".Ludwigsburg, August 1985Karl Hofer Fremdprovenienzen (ordered by the seat of the authorities): Allmendingen, SchultheißenamtBiberach, OberamtEhingen, KreisamtFreiburg, Vorderösterreichische StiftungsbuchhaltungGeislingen, OberamtGöppingen, Landvogtei an der Fils an. Rems und LandvogteiamtKonstanz, Bischöfliches Offizialat- ,Bischöfliches OrdinariatLeutkirch, Stiftungsverwaltung und HospitalpflegeRavensburg, Landvogteiarzt - , OberamtRiedlingen, OberamtStuttgart, Herzogliche Regierungsun- , Herzoglicher (Württ.) War Council- , Ministerial Department of District and Corporate Administration- , Ministry of the Interior- , Oberfinanzkammer - Department of Direct, Regular and Extraordinary Taxation- , Oberlandesökonomiekollegium- , Oberlandesregierungs- , Oberregierung - Regiminaldepartement and Oberpolizeidepartement , Section of Direct and Indirect Taxation- , Section of Internal Administration- , Section of Municipal Administration- , Section of Municipal Administration- , Section of Crown Domains, 3. Dept. The following are listed: Foundation Section, Road, Bridge and Water Construction Section, Municipal Use Section, State Debt Section, Administrative and Redemption Commission, Tax College, Tutellarratettnang, OberamtUlm, Landvogtei an der Donau and Landvogteiarzt, OberamtUrach, Landvogtei auf der AlbWeingarten, Kgl. Württ. (Provisional) Administration- ,Landvogtei am Bodensee Zur Methode: This finding aid book is a repertory that was previously only available in handwritten or typewritten form, which was converted into a database-supported and thus online-capable format according to a procedure developed by the "Working Group on Retroconversion in the State Archives Ludwigsburg". In this so-called retroconversion, the basic structure of the template and the linguistic version of the texts were retained in principle (motto: "copy instead of revision"). This can lead to a certain discrepancy between the modern external appearance and the partly outdated design and formulation of the title recordings. Corrections, deletions and additions were verified and incorporated. Both the regular and the a numbers were checked, missing numbers were recorded in a separate list (see below). List of missing and unassigned order numbers: missing numbersentry on deputy in magazine 203to 8459 208not applicable 229to 6028 245to 8461 250to 5416 255resolved 299to 5887 363- [missing in magazine] 634to 5093 709to 708 760not occupied 761not occupied 762not occupied 763not occupied 764not occupied 765not occupied 766not occupied 767not occupied 768not occupied 769not occupied 770not occupied 987not occupied 988not occupied 989not occupied 990not occupied 991not occupied 992not occupied 993not occupied 994not occupied 995not occupied 996not occupied 997not occupied 998not occupied 999not occupied 1000not occupied 1463resolved 1468resolved 1542not occupied 1544not occupied 1548to 6417 1558to 5880 2018resolved 2656not occupied 2929not occupied 3376not occupied 3587not occupied 3588not occupied 3589not occupied 3590not occupied 3591not occupied 3592not occupied 3593not occupied 3627not occupied 3798not occupied 3799not occupied 3800not occupied 3801not occupied 3802not occupied 3803not occupied 3804not occupied 3805not occupied 3806not occupied 3807not occupied 3808not occupied 3809not occupied 3810not occupied 3811not occupied 3812not occupied 3813not occupied 3814not occupied 3815not occupied 3816not connected 3817not connected 3818not connected 3819not connected 3820not connected 3821not connected 3822not connected 3823not connected 3824not connected 3825not connected 3826not connected 3827not connected 3828not connected 3829not connected 3830not connected 3831not connected 3832not connected 3833not connected 3897not connected 4141not connected 7243- [missing in magazine] 7523not applicable 8635resolved 8638not assigned

Content and evaluation Introduction In anthropological research, concern for the deceased is regarded as one of the most important indicators of the beginning of human culture. By taking care of the burial of the mortal remains of members of one's own community, prehistoric man already revealed ideas of a beyond and a connection between individual and community that went beyond death. In the Judeo-Christian culture, burial in a coffin developed into the usual form of burial, which had to take place in a special, specially designated area, the cemetery. The inviolability of the peace of the dead, which is indispensable for Jewish burials in contrast to Christian ones, means that Jewish cemeteries are not cleared and reoccupied after certain periods of rest. As far as they escaped National Socialist barbarism, Jewish cemeteries in Baden-Württemberg were able to grow in many cases over many generations up to the present day. Since it was customary until the 20th century to mention the name of the buried person as well as the name of the father on the gravestones, these inscriptions also represent sources of the highest value for historical-genealogical research. All these cemeteries are today protected cultural monuments. On the basis of a resolution of the Baden-Württemberg state parliament in 1989, which dealt with the documentation and preservation of Jewish cemeteries in Baden Württemberg, the Baden-Württemberg State Monuments Office was commissioned to provide comprehensive documentation of all relevant gravestones. The main basis of this work were prints of photographs taken by the Central Archive for the Study of the History of Jews in Germany in Heidelberg between 1985 and 1992 of almost all Jewish gravestones in Baden-Württemberg. After completion of the project in May 2008, the copy set with around 85,000 copies was handed over to the Ludwigsburg State Archives together with the paper cemetery documentation prepared by the State Monument Office and a database with documentation results for a large part of the graves. In addition to historical, art and linguistic details, this database also contains genealogically relevant facts. In the course of a project financed by the Kulturgutstiftung Baden-Württemberg, this valuable collection was made available for online use as EL 228 b II in the State Archives of Ludwigsburg in 2011. The database, consisting of many individual tables, was prepared in a format suitable for the finding aid system of the State Archives, the entire photo stock was scanned, each photo was given an individual signature and - as far as possible - cemetery by cemetery manually linked with the database contents provided. Thus the condition of the gravestones, which has been confirmed photographically throughout 1985-1992, can be called up worldwide via the Internet in connection with the indexing data for further research. These are photographs of gravestones from over 141 cemeteries (the number of cemeteries in Baden-Württemberg differs slightly depending on the counting method used), of which 89 are located in Baden and 52 in Württemberg. The place names used in their alphabetical order follow those of the register of inventory books I and II ("Dokumentation Friedhöfe in Deutschland") of the Zentralarchiv zur Erforschung der Juden in Deutschland, Heidelberg, using today's official names (e.g. "Bad Wimpfen HN" instead of "Wimpfen (Bad)"). The census (001-143) in round brackets was used for the interlocking with the mentioned register otherwise, whereby the two cemeteries with the numbers 012 (Bremen) and 086 (Michelstadt/Hessen) are missing here, since they lie outside of Baden Württemberg. The first external web link at cemetery level (uniformly referred to as "Zentralarchiv HD") refers to the relevant entry in the online directory of Jewish cemeteries maintained by the Zentralarchiv zur Erforschung der Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland, Heidelberg. In addition to further references to the cemetery in question, details of the respective documentation process, such as the year in which the photographs were taken and the names of the persons responsible for the so-called "basic documentation", can also be found there. The grab descriptions published in the present collection can be traced back to the work of these editors. A second link ("Judaica Alemannia") leads to the homepage of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für die Erforschung der Geschichte der Juden im süddeutschen und Nachbarden Raum, which also contains further information and web links on the history of the individual cemeteries. Most of these cultural monuments now have their own entry in the online encyclopedia "Wikipedia". The relevant links are provided here as well as individual references to other relevant online projects. In the scans, an automatic compensation of brightness and contrast was omitted in order to obtain as much image information as possible, i.e. as many grayscales as possible. Many images therefore appear to be overexposed or underexposed at first, but this can be adjusted in the image presentation module using the "Brightness" selection button. This preserves a maximum of gray levels, of which a part would otherwise be lost, especially when shooting under extreme light conditions (dark gravestones in front of a snowy background/bright sky or the upper half of the stone in full sunlight, the lower half in the drop shadow of a neighbouring stone, etc.). The consecutive numbers 50689 (substitute slip), 64831-64839 (counting error during scanning) and 65961-65969 (dto.) are not assigned. Additional intermediate numbers are available: No. 2 a, 9 a, 22 a, 152 a, 1284 a, 1292 a, 1307 a, 1688 a, 2452 a, 4428 a, 4547 a, 4993 a, 8181 a, 9176 a, 9897 a, 13167 a, 16624 a, 23823 a, 30473 a, 31863 a, 32057 a, 32089 a, 32618 a, 33484 a, 33750 a, 33758 a, 34171 a, 34480 a, 35260 a, 35264 a, 36518 a, 37187 a, 39173 a, 39182 a, 39183 a, 39591 a, 40379 a, 41358 a, 43307 a, 43307 b, 43427 a, 43741 a, 44042 a, 44047 a, 44137 a, 44231 a, 45714 a, 46237 a, 46498 a, 46799 a, 47166 a, 47996 a, 48400 a, 50329 a, 53334 a, 54281 a, 57077 a, 59247 a, 60555 a, 60577 a, 60780 a, 60781 a, 66832 a, 67249 a, 74123 a, 77366 a, 79502 a, 81074 a and 82090 a. NOTE FOR SEARCH BY NAME: When searching for the names of buried persons, it is best to use the "full-text search" on the "entry page" of inventory EL 228 b II. In order to limit the number of hits for frequently occurring names to a manageable number and to avoid having to wait unnecessarily long, enter the first and last names of the person you are looking for in the Search text field, select "Every term must be found (AND)" as the link and mark "Title and heading" and "Contains notes" in the search fields.

Preliminary remark: On the history and administration of the districts and bailiwicks 1806-1817 cf. the preliminary remark on repertory D 71 (bailiwick on the upper Neckar), the seat of the 6th district established by the organisational manifesto of 1806 was Rottenburg. The district comprised the upper offices Balingen, Herrenberg, Horb, Rosenfeld, Rottenburg, Sulz and Tübingen. In 1810 it was transformed into the Landvogtei (bailiwick) on the middle Neckar with its official seat in Rottenburg. In October 1908, the government of the Schwarzwaldkreis in Reutlingen transferred the existing files to the Archive of the Interior, where Rechnungsrat Marquart prepared a summary index of the individual alliances, which was used as a valid repertory in the Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg until spring 1964. The repackaging of the collection carried out in late 1963 was taken as an opportunity to produce a somewhat more detailed distortion of the individual fascicles on the basis of their old inscriptions in the same process. This work was carried out under the direction of the undersigned archivist F. Röhrich. The undersigned himself endeavoured to reorganise the unsystematically structured stock, whereby the predominant serial character of the files, probably to be explained from the office competence of the bailiff, prohibited the production of a systematic file plan and suggested a simple grouping according to categories. In order to make the scope of the individual rubric clearer, an alphabetical order was omitted in favour of the arrangement according to certain factual aspects.files of the same provenance (3 tufts) are found in fonds B 88a (v. Freyberg, Freiherren zu Wellendingen) Büschel 133-135. They may have reached the baronial archive as hand files of the Rottenburg district governor Nikolaus Christoph v. Freyberg-Eisenberg on Wellendingen, Worndorf and Hopferau. The archives of the district office Rottenburg and/or the bailiwick at the middle Neckar listed in the supplement (by state archives council Dr. Seiler) were only determined after conclusion of the available repertory in the late year 1964. 239 tufts on 7.2 m. Ludwigsburg, March 1964Dr. A. now comprise the holdings. Seiler On Retroconversion: This finding aid is a repertory that was previously only available in handwritten or typewritten form and has been converted into a database-supported and thus online-capable format. In this so-called retroconversion, the structure of the template and the linguistic version of the texts were basically retained (motto: "transcription instead of revision"). This can lead to a certain discrepancy between the modern external appearance and the partly outdated design and formulation of the title recordings.

History of tradition On the history and administration of the districts and bailiwicks 1806-1817 cf. the preliminary remark on repertory D 71 (bailiwick on the upper Neckar). Ludwigsburg was the seat of the 2nd district (later Landvogtei an der Enz) established by the organisational manifesto of 1806. After the reformation of the lower administrative level, the district initially comprised the upper offices of Besigheim, Bietigheim, Ludwigsburg, Marbach, Maulbronn, Vaihingen and Waiblingen. From 1810, the Oberamt district was reduced by the Oberamt Waiblingen, which had been transferred to the district of Rothenburg, and the Oberamt Bietigheim, which had been dissolved. In 1817 a large part of the files of the Landvogtei were handed over to the newly founded district government, which in turn left them to the State Archives in Stuttgart in 1877, from where they were transferred to the State Archives in Ludwigsburg in 1969. There further files from the tradition of the district government were added. Contents and Evaluation Most of the title recordings on hand can still be traced back to a list of files produced by the Landvogtei itself, which was editorially revised during the retro conversion. In particular, the classification of headings has been simplified and aligned with the classification schemes of other bailiff stocks. At the same time, new title recordings were made for approximately 20 previously unrecorded archive units. The collection now comprises 337 archive units of approx. 5.3 linear metres.

Authority history: In 1882, a number of merchants, business representatives and other dignitaries from the Stuttgart region founded the "Württembergischer Verein für Handelsgeographie und Förderung Deutscher Interessen im Ausland" (Württemberg Association for Commercial Geography and Promotion of German Interests Abroad). The objective was "the promotion of geography, economy and culture". Within a few years, a rapidly growing collection of ethnological objects from all over the world was created in addition to other association activities, such as an extensive lecture programme. The collection was initially housed in rented premises on the gallery of the Gewerbehalle and was officially declared a museum of ethnology based on scientific principles on 1 June 1889 (guest book in Bü 1209).After many years of planning, the search for a suitable building site (the discussion included locations such as the site of the former Neue Lusthaus and the burnt-out Hoftheater), the provision of the necessary funds and a major architectural competition, a neoclassical museum building was erected at today's Hegelplatz/Herdweg site according to the plans of the young Stuttgart architect Eser. The main operator of the new building project, the chairman of the association (since 1890) and generous sponsor Count Karl von Linden, died in January 1910 after the laying of the foundation stone of a serious illness. It was decided, in appreciation of his merits, to name the new ethnological museum "Linden-Museum". On 28 May 1911 the opening ceremony took place in the presence of the Württemberg royal couple. In addition to the association with board, committee and numerous members, a scientific director now joined the museum. The first museum director was the naval doctor and ethnologist Dr. Augustin Krämer. He was assisted by Heinrich Fischer, who had been recruited by Count von Linden at the turn of the century, former employee of the Natural History Cabinet and from 1932 director of the museum, as the editor of the collection accesses. The following four phases can be discerned in the eventful development of the museum: 1882 to 1911 (from the foundation of the association to the occupation of the museum's purpose-built building),1911 to 1945 (until the end of World War II with extensive war damage),1945 to 1973 (from reconstruction to the transition to the public sector),Since 1973 (State Museum of Ethnology).100 years of existence were celebrated with a large museum festival on 28 May 2011. The history of the association and the museum, from its beginnings to the present day, is documented in detail by numerous publications and anniversary commemorations (including Bü 392 and 903) as well as by the written documents and pictorial documents recorded in the classification points of Group 2.5 Special Survey. Further details can therefore be omitted at this point. Inventory history: Since the Verein für Handelsgeographie and the resulting Linden-Museum were privately initiated institutions, the creation of files did not follow the usual administrative procedures. The core of the tradition are the extensive correspondences of the chairman Count Karl von Linden and the long-time treasurer and chairman Theodor Wanner, as well as other personalities of the association committee and - connected with the opening of the museum building - the scientific director. The personal commitment of Count von Linden in maintaining worldwide contacts with German colonial officials, colonial officers, overseas merchants, captains and missionaries is reflected in the written tradition and even more in the rapidly growing ethnological collections. The later scientific correspondence documents the networking of the museum with other renowned institutions and persons as well as the extremely large activities within the framework of lecture programmes and exhibition projects. Subject files, various publications, extensive collections of newspaper clippings, memorabilia and pictorial documents round off the collection. Due to the close interlinking of association and museum, no separation of provenance was made, only the internal name "Vereinangelegenheiten" for parts of the tradition was retained. The collection also contains documents on the Daughter Institute for Foreign Relations founded in 1915/1916 on the initiative of Theodor Wanner and on the German Colonial Museum. Processing report: The handover of the holdings EL 232 Linden-Museum (Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde) took place in three stages:Access to files 1993/043, now Bü 1-347 with gaps:When the work was taken over by the undersigned, this part had already been taken out of the files under the direction of Dr. Nicole Bickhoff by the archivist Hans-Jürgen Seifried, captured in the titles and provisionally packed. The formation of a finding aid was still pending. About 150 files were cashed (mainly receipts, invoice duplicates for Tribus yearbooks, daily statistics for in-house exhibitions). Since no old principles of order were recognizable, the partial holdings were classified internally in the archives according to correspondence series and fact files.file access 2011/032 (box 1-96), now Bü 348-666, and file access 2011/039 (box 97-178), now Bü 667-959:These deliveries were packed in boxes and sorted according to a museum-internal four-part chronological order scheme (cf. above history of authorities). This was largely adopted in the archival classification. The AZs mostly related within a classification point were indicated in the headings. File Access 2012/012 (List Number 1-98), now Books 960-1064, and File Access 2012/035 (List Number 102-252), now Books 1065-1226:This delivery layer consisted mainly of binders with leaflet covers, as well as registrants, repertories, cash books and member directories in tape form. It was classified internally within the archive on the basis of the structure of the previous partial stocks. At present, the holdings of EL 232 Linden-Museum (Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde) comprise 1211 archive units. Individual archive units are still subject to the statutory blocking periods. The signing and classification was done by the undersigned after preliminary work by Dr. Nicole Bickhoff and Hans-Jürgen Seifried.Ludwigsburg, June 2012Regina Schneider

Preliminary remark: The inventory FL 300/25 II Local Court Öhringen: The Commercial, Cooperative and Associations Register was reformed as part of a systematic spin-off of register documents from the Local Court holdings, which was started in 2008, in order to create pure register holdings. It contains documents concerning the register jurisdiction of the district court Öhringen, which on the one hand were separated from the already existing stock F 292 (additions 6.11.1985 no. 1-407 and 2001/9 package 5), on the other hand the 16 volumes on the register system in the district court district Öhringen, which arrived with access 2006/74 from the district court Schwäbisch Hall, were incorporated here. With access 2009/122 of the central register court Stuttgart 7 commercial and cooperative register files came in, which were closed long ago by the district court Öhringen and were assigned therefore to this existence. Since 1.1.2007 the central register court Stuttgart is responsible for the commercial and cooperative register. Today, the district court of Öhringen only maintains the register of associations. The inventory contains files, volumes and other documents (lists of names, protocols) to the commercial, cooperative and association register. The commercial register files were named HRA (sole traders and partnerships) and HRB (corporations) according to the distinction customary today. The present volumes are divided into two time layers. From the establishment of the Commercial Register in 1866 until 1938, a distinction was made between sole proprietorships (designation E) and corporate proprietorships (designation G). In 1938, the current designations HRA and HRB were introduced. The volumes of the commercial register were rewritten in map form around 1965. Note for use: In the case of register documents, there is a 30-year period for the blocking of material files for the main files, while the special files clearly visible as such ("special volumes") are freely accessible. The development works were carried out in November 2010 by Andrea Jaraszewski, from May to June 2011 by Daniel Sabolic under the guidance of the undersigned, who also carried out the final works. The collection FL 300/25 II contains 16 volumes and 369 tufts. Ludwigsburg, July 2011Ute Bitz

Preliminary remark: The law of 13 August 1865 (Reg. Bl. p. 243) prescribed the maintenance of commercial registers in Württemberg. The provisions of the Commercial Register were clarified in the order of 31 October 1865 (Reg. Bl. S. 448ff). The commercial register was therefore divided into two main sections, namely a register for sole proprietorships and a register for companies; the latter included all public limited companies (AG), limited partnerships on shares (KGaA) and limited liability companies (GmbH), and in the period in question also limited partnerships (KG) and general partnerships (OHG). Initially, 4 commercial courts in Stuttgart, Heilbronn, Ulm and Reutlingen kept the commercial registers; after the Württemberg judicial reform of 1868, the (higher) district courts were responsible (Reg. Bl. p. 410). Until 1924, the district court district of Stuttgart-Stadt encompassed the area of the Stuttgart city directorate (excluding Cannstatt, Untertürkheim and Wangen). As a result of the administrative and court reform of 1923/24, the district court of Stuttgart-Amt was dissolved (see inventory F 305); the Sprengel was assigned - with the exception of Feuerbach - to the district court of Stuttgart-Stadt (now: Stuttgart I) (Reg. Bl. von 1924, p. 71). After the dissolution of the Stuttgart Higher Administrative Office in 1938, the court district was also adapted to the administrative boundaries; a large part of the towns fell to the Esslingen and Böblingen District Courts. The commercial register files recorded in this repertory were handed over to the State Archives by the Stuttgart District Court in 1984. They span the period from 1865 to 1938 and include not only sole proprietorships, but also all forms of corporate firms. 1986/87 the files were recorded and packaged by the temporary employee Margot Göbel and various students of the company under the supervision of Nikolaus Back. The undersigned revised the title records with regard to computer-assisted data acquisition using the "MIDEREGA" data processing mask from the "MIDOSA" program package of the Baden-Württemberg State Archive Administration. Hildegard Aufderklamm got the fair copy. Ulrike Leuchtweis completed the final corrections and revision of the index. Ludwigsburg, March 1990Dr. Nicole Bickhoff-Böttcher On December 10, 1992, the district court of Stuttgart delivered its commercial register volumes from 1865 to 1937 to the state archives of Ludwigsburg (access 1992/100). The volumes were signed and recorded at the end of 1993 by Hans Jürgen Seifried under the guidance of the undersigned. In the course of this, three volumes (previous signatures F 303 II Bü 529-531) already existing in fonds F 303 II were assigned to the fonds FL 300/31 II (Genossenschaftsregister) under new signatures of the volume series. Ulrike Leuchtweis, January 1994 In the course of the archive-fair repackaging of the files and the retro conversion of the finding aid book 2006-2009 the past collecting fascicles of the existence were dissolved. Each commercial register file received an individual tuft number, so that the old tufts 1-528 were re-signed into the new tufts 1-4484. The old tuft numbers are noted under pre-signature 3. The comparison between the finding aid register and the files showed that some files were not recorded in the finding aid register. These were subsequently recorded as tufts 4485-4501. The number of the last commercial register entry is noted in the file title after the company name (e.g. E 1/148: Volume 1 of the register for individual companies, Sheet 148). According to this number the find book is now also sorted. Vorsignatur 2 names the file number of the local court Ulrike Leuchtweis, September 2009

Administrative history: The cooperative movement of the 19th century emerged from the efforts of craftsmen, small traders and farmers to secure their own existence against the progressive development processes of economic concentration on large production sites. In 1848, Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen began setting up rural credit cooperatives, purchasing cooperatives and dairy cooperatives. Since 1849, Hermann Schulze-Delitsch developed self-help organizations for craftsmen and workers in the form of commercial cooperatives. Initially, cooperative registers were kept together with the commercial registers, but were made independent by the Reichsgesetz (Imperial Law) of May 1, 1889, concerning purchase and economic cooperatives. In 1924, the administrative courts of Stuttgart City, Stuttgart Amt and Cannstatt were merged to form the Amtsgericht Stuttgart I (Stuttgart I Administrative Court). This resulted in occasional double assignments during the re-sorting according to the register number sequence. During the administrative reform of 1938, parts of the old Stuttgart higher administrative office came under the jurisdiction of the Esslingen and Böblingen district courts. Inventory formation and indexing: The inventory FL 300/31 II Local Court Stuttgart: Genossenschaftsregister contains files and other documents of various delivery layers, including parts of a finding aid book on deliveries of the years 1974 and 1984 compiled in 1986, later arrived parts of the old inventory FL 300/31 II and further cooperative documents separated from commercial register deliveries (inventory FL 300/31 I). The cooperative register volumes were not surrendered. The most recent addition, from which files were incorporated into the inventory, is 2007/43. The inventory was sorted, separated according to files, volumes (classification point not documented) and other documents (lists of comrades, lists of names), in sequence of the GnR. A delivery processed separately by the temporary employee Richard Gehringer (access 1998/7) was incorporated, the remaining holdings were redrawn under the direction of Elke Koch by the temporary employee Winne Schubert, the final papers by the undersigned, and since the assignment of individual institutions for entry in the register of cooperatives or associations is not always traceable, it may be advisable to search the holdings for both types of register. The holdings F 303 III and FL 300/31 IV form the register of associations of the Stuttgart District Court. The holdings FL 300/31 II now comprise 350 files (Bü 1-55, 329-623) and 365 volumes (vols. 1-367, without vols. 26 and 59). Ludwigsburg, September 2008Regina Schneider Supplement: Interim Register: With access 2011/108, the interim registers of the district court of Stuttgart - register court, which should have been kept at the district court until 2020, were handed over prematurely to the Landesarchiv, Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg (order of the president of the district court of 14 February 2011). In addition to the interim registers, the name indexes were submitted (supplementary order of 6 May 2011). The holdings were supplemented by the file tufts 56-58 and a card index box (Box 1), which for the register of cooperatives means in concrete terms: these are typewritten register sheets with reconstructed entries from the year 1890 to about 1959, created as a replacement for the partially war-destroyed register of cooperatives. The register sheets of the interim register lie exactly in the sequence of the register numbers.All interim registers of the Stuttgart Register Court (HRA, HRB, associations, cooperatives) were in use for different periods of time, they were gradually rewritten to the "normal" register cards. For searches, the following recommendations of the Stuttgart Register Court must also be observed: "Instructions for searching for entries in the interim register: First, the name of the legal entity must be searched for in the web information at www.handelsregister.de". A hit appears if the legal entity was not yet deleted at the time the tab pages were transferred to tab pages. If no hit appears, the name card index (see 3.1, signature FL 300/31 II, box 1) must be looked through. In addition, an alphabetical search can be used to completely search through the transcript index (see 3.2, order signature FL 300/31 II Bü 58). The register of cooperatives also contains the copied register sheets on which the names of all cooperatives are listed, even if they have not been rewritten. In addition, the following peculiarity applies: cooperatives in which both the register and the files could not be found can be inquired at the register court. They are stored in the program RegisSTAR with the remark in the search result: "Registers and files are missing due to war". It was not possible to subsequently register these legal entities. The names of these cooperatives are therefore not available on the web directory "Ludwigsburg, May 2014Ute Bitz

On the history of associations: The beginnings of associations date back to the 18th century. In the 19th century, associations were founded on a grand scale, especially in the cities, where they became an important part of bourgeois culture and self-confidence. This was particularly evident in the pre-March period, when numerous clubs (e.g. also gymnastics clubs) were of political importance, and therefore the clubs appear in official records mainly in the upper offices and district governments that supervised the police. In contrast to other federal states, there was no special association law in Württemberg. The relevant regulations were found in the Criminal and Police Act of 1839. After that, polit. Associations must report their foundation to the responsible regional office and submit their statutes. However, the presentation of the statutes could also be demanded from non-political associations if "the government had cause for well-founded concerns" (Art. 15 Police Criminal Law of 1839, Reg.bl. p. 611). Participation in associations for unlawful political purposes" was punishable by imprisonment (Art. 139, Penal Code of 1839, Reg.bl. p. 101). The first coherent regulation of the association system in Württemberg represented the Bundestag resolution of 1854, which was introduced in 1855 in Württemberg (regulation concerning the regulation of the association system). This meant, however, a tightening of the existing association law, which was however revoked after the death of King William I. again. In Württemberg, there was no longer any legal basis for restrictions on freedom of association, police surveillance of closed societies and coalitions. Official action against associations was only possible in the case of a violation of the general penal laws. An association law was not enacted. The right of association and assembly had been a Reich matter since 1871 (Art. 4 Reichsverfass.). Until the adoption of the Reichsvereinsgesetz on 19.4.1907, however, only a few special areas were regulated by the Reichsgesetz, and the register of associations was introduced together with the BGB on 1.1.1900. However, unions and political parties (not even local associations) are not included in the register of associations; they renounced the status of an association with legal capacity in order not to be subject to numerous restrictions. If an association described itself as "political", it accepted the police law supervisory and intervention norms, e.g. also the Reichsvereinsgesetz of 1907, or exposed itself to a possible objection of the administrative authority (§§ 612, 622 BGB), but if it did not describe itself as "political", the state could withdraw its legal capacity from it as soon as a political decision was taken. This formal legal discrimination, however, did not mean any significant restriction of the right to form a coalition; the trade unions thus renounced the legal form of the registered association even after 1918, although the above-mentioned paragraphs of the BGB were repealed. The district court district of Stuttgart-Stadt encompassed the area of the Stuttgart city directorate until 1924 (excluding Cannstatt, Untertürkheim and Wangen). In the course of the administrative reform of 1923/24, the district court of Stuttgart Amt was dissolved and passed to Stuttgart Stadt (new name: district court of Stuttgart I). The district court of Cannstatt was renamed the district court of Stuttgart II and comprised the Stuttgart districts right of the Neckar river and Feuerbach. The same procedure was followed for later incorporations. However, Zuffenhausen and Stammheim came at their incorporation in 1931 and 1942, respectively, despite their geographical distance to the district court Stuttgart I (today, however, they belong to the district court Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt). Processor's report: The available files were handed over on 2.8.1984 by the district court Stuttgart (Tgb. Nr. 3477/3478) and received first the signature FL 300/31. The association register files were assigned, however, to the F stocks, since they contain entries 1900-1943 and a new counting of the association register begins after 1945 (FL 300/31, entrance 1974).The title recordings were made by the Zeitangestellte Emma Edling and the Werkschülerin Barbara Seiler. 1396 Büschel.Ludwigsburg, October 1986(gez. Back)

Preliminary remark: The newly formed inventory FL 300/36 II Local Court Wailblingen: Commercial, cooperative and association register contains documents on register jurisdiction from the deliveries of the district court Waiblingen 2008/77 (association and cooperative register files, lists of cooperatives), 2009/46 (register volumes), 2009/96 (register volumes), 2009/126 (a sign register file) as well as from the delivery of the central register court Stuttgart 2009/122 (9 volumes on the cooperative register, 5 cooperative and 4 commercial register files of the provenance district court Waiblingen). In addition, all commercial, cooperative and association register files were removed from the existing F 311 (access 1992/69 packages 1-6) and FL 300/36 I (total access 2001/55) holdings and incorporated here. To the individual register types: The inventory contains files, volumes and other documents (name lists) to the trade, cooperative and association register. The commercial register files were named HRA (sole traders and partnerships) and HRB (corporations) according to the distinction customary today. The present volumes are divided into two time layers. From the establishment of the Commercial Register in 1866 until 1938, a distinction was made between individual companies (designation "E") and corporate companies (designation "G"). In 1938, the current designations HRA and HRB were introduced. The trade register volumes were rewritten around 1965 in card form. Since 2006, the Stuttgart registry court has been responsible for maintaining the commercial and cooperative register of the Waiblingen district district court. Only the register of associations is still kept by the district court Waiblingen. For the Waiblingen Register of Associations, both the register volumes (with indexes of names) and selected files are available. The register volumes were also archived for the register of cooperatives (with lists of names), and selected files and lists of cooperatives were also taken over. As special archiving a character register file was taken over. The low register numbers were assigned twice to some companies, associations and cooperatives by the district court. Note on use: For register documents, there is a 30-year period for the blocking of material files for the main files, while the clearly visible special files ("special volumes") are freely accessible.The title recordings for the files were made in 2009 by Ms Marisel de la Vega, the induction of the access in 2008/77 was done by Ms Andrea Jaraszewski in summer 2010 under the direction of the undersigned, who also took care of the recording of the volumes and the final work.Ludwigsburg, October 1010Ute Bitz Supplement 1: Ms Beate Vojtek processed in November 2011 the previously unexcavated register files extracted from inventory F 311 (access 1992/69 packages 1-6). The inventory FL 300/36 II district court Waiblingen: Commercial, cooperative and association register contains the tufts 1-409 and the volumes 1-30. Supplement 2: With access 2015/143 the model register volumes I-III as well as evaluated association register files arrived, which were registered by Dorte Grimmer in December 2015. Bü 410-454 and vol. 31-33 were added to the collection.

Preliminary remark: The inventory FL 300/20 II Local Court Ludwigsburg: Commercial, Cooperative and Associations Register was reformed within the framework of a systematic spin-off of register documents from the local court inventory started in 2008 to create pure register inventories. It contains documents on the register jurisdiction of the District Court District Ludwigsburg, which on the one hand were spun off from the already existing stock FL 300/20 (Additions 1985-1986 P 49-56, 1991/32 P 1-23, 1994/4 P 1-4, 1996/63 P 1-21, 2000/85 P 1-27, 2005/18 Bü 1-289), on the other hand the files on the register system in the District Court District Ludwigsburg received with the additions 2006/19, 2006/59, 2007/91, 2008/100, 2009/122 as well as 2011/6 were incorporated here. The volumes on the Commercial, Cooperative and Associations Register, which have been in the State Archives since July 2002 (access 2002/46) under the stock signature FL 300/20 II, have been newly listed. A sample register tape with enclosures has been preserved for special archiving. For the use of company files, the Ludwigsburg District Court F 281 II must also be taken into account, which contains 41 commercial register files of the oldest register layer from 1892 onwards. Since 1.1.2007, the Central Register Court Stuttgart has been responsible for the commercial and cooperative register. At the time of development, the Ludwigsburg Local Court only maintains the register of associations. To the individual register types: The inventory contains files, volumes and other documents (name lists, minutes) to the trade, cooperative, and association register. The commercial register files were named HRA (sole traders and partnerships) and HRB (corporations) according to the distinction customary today. The present volumes are divided into two time layers. From the establishment of the Commercial Register in 1866 until 1938, a distinction was made between sole proprietorships (designation E) and corporate proprietorships (designation G). In 1938, the current designations HRA and HRB were introduced. The volumes of the commercial register were rewritten in map form around 1965.note on use:In the case of register documents, there is a 30-year period for the blocking of material files for the main files, while the special files clearly visible as such ("special volumes") are freely accessible.the indexing work was carried out in summer 2010 by Mr Marcus Tettenborn and in spring 2011 by Mr Daniel Sabolic under the direction of the undersigned, who also carried out the final work. The holdings FL 300/20 II Local Court Ludwigsburg: Commercial, cooperative, associations register comprises 1515 files and 36 volumes Ludwigsburg, in May 2011Ute Bitz supplements: Access 2012/125: Bü 1516-1517Access 2014/18: Bü 1518-1525 (evaluated association register files). From 1.1.2014, the keeping of the register of associations will also be the responsibility of the Stuttgart Register Court.

I. On the history of the medical administration in Württemberg: The health care system already received a comprehensive and thorough promotion through the Great Church Constitution of Duke Christopher of 1579 in Altwürttemberg. A special section on physicians and wound physicians dealt with their ability to practice internal and external medicine, with the support of pharmacies to strengthen and maintain the power of the people, and with the care of the poor. supervision of the health system was then entrusted to the ducal church council with the involvement of experts, namely the two Collegia medica (medical bodies), which consisted of the ducal physicians in Stuttgart and the professors of the medical faculty in Tübingen.Over the years, health promotion has been supplemented by a series of special regulations and all existing provisions on doctors, wound doctors, pharmacists and midwives have been combined into a whole by the two medical regulations of 30.10.1720 (Reyscher XIII p. 1185) and 16.10.1755 (Reyscher XIV p. 416). In 1734 a medical college was set up for the epidemic police, and from 1755 the medical deputation had to watch over the health of humans and animals. King Friedrich then put the promotion of the health service on a modern basis. Instead of the medical deputation, he set up a special directorate, the Royal Medical Department, in the organizational manifesto of 1806 for the administration of the "medical institutions and the medical service", which was transformed into the Section of the Medical Service in 1811. It consisted of two personal doctors and two junior doctors under the administration of the interior. According to an instruction dated 23.6.1806 (Reg.Bl. p. 32), its tasks included the supervision of all main and auxiliary health care personnel and all public hospitals as well as the prevention of human and animal diseases. In addition, the two Collegia medica continued to exist. The "Physio" were subordinated to the Medical Department. According to the general decree of June 3, 1808 (Reg. Bl. p. 313) they had to make sure that the medical persons belonging to their district complied with their duty. The health service in the countryside was then regulated in detail by the general decree of March 14/22, 1814 (Reg. Bl. p. 121), which adapted the medical constitution to the new division according to upper offices and bailiwicks. Each senior office received a public health officer under the name of Senior Medical Officer, who was to supervise all medical institutions and the other medical personnel, inspect the pharmacies and the wound doctors and their instruments, and instruct and inspect the midwives. In each bailiwick one of the senior physicians was also employed as a bailiff's doctor. He had the higher supervision over these institutions and persons and was obliged to check the medical conditions in his bailiwick's district every four years. The health care system was reorganised by King Wilhelm's decree of 6 June 1818 (Reg. Bl. p. 313). The section of the medical system was transformed into the Medical College, but only the purely technical objects were taken over by it: The health police and the management of the health police institutions were assigned partly to the Ministry of the Interior and partly to the new district governments, to which (until 1881) a practising doctor, the district medical doctor (the former bailiff's doctor), was assigned as an extraordinary member. Against the fear of being buried alive, the statutory post-mortem examination was introduced by decree of 20.6.1833 (Reyscher XV.2 p. 1016). The pharmacies were already under the supervision of the health administration according to the directive of 1807. A new task for the promotion of public health was brought by the decree of 14.3.1860 (Reg.Bl. p. 37) on the supervision of the traffic with meat. After the entry of Württemberg into the German Reich, the development of the Württtemberg health care system could continue without change for the time being. Through the Constitution of the Reich, the Reich had reserved to itself only the supervision and legislation on "measures of the medical and veterinary police" and had established the Reich Health Office for this purpose. The structure and tasks of the higher health authority in Württemberg were adapted to the development of the economy and medical science in recent years by ordinance of 21.10.1880 (Reg. Bl. 1881, p. 3) and decree of 21.6.1881 (Reg.Bl. p. 398). The Medical College was then "the central authority for the supervision and technical direction of medical and public health care". The district governments were thus eliminated. Accordingly, the county medical councils were abolished and their tasks were transferred partly to the senior physicians and partly to the medical college. Medical College, Department of State Hospitals" for the processing of objects via the State Hospitals, the State Midwifery School and the lunatic system, and a further department called "Royal Medical College, Veterinary Department" was established to handle all business in the field of veterinary medicine. The Medical College was repealed by law of 15.12.1919 (Reg.Bl. p. 41) on the reorganization of the health system with effect from 1.1.1920. Its tasks were transferred by decree of 17.12.1919 (Reg.Bl. p. 420) to the Ministry of the Interior and the authorities and institutions subordinated to it. TWO. On the history of the holdings: The files of the Medical College were delivered in four volumes (1911, 1921, 1930 and 1957) to the Ludwigsburg State Archives, partly directly and partly via the Ministry of the Interior, and have since been listed in the general overview as individual holdings. In the current reorganisation, they have been combined to form a single portfolio. In the course of this work, the files on the state hospitals - which until 1880 had not been directly subject to the Medical College - were excavated and combined into a special collection (now E 163, Administration of the State Hospitals). In addition to the files of the Medical College (1818-1920) and its previous authorities, the Medical Department (1806-1811) and the Section of Medical Science (1811-1817), the present holdings E 162 I also contain individual files of the ducal medical deputation, which were left in the holdings for reasons of expediency. In addition, the files on pharmacies that had grown up with the four district governments and had entered the registry of the Medical College in 1909 were retained. Occasionally there are also archives of the superior authority of the Ministry of the Interior. Diaries of the Supervisory Commission for State Hospitals were attached to the diaries of the Medical College. Since the incorporation of this commission into the Medical College, they have in any case been included in the diaries of the Medical College together with the veterinary department of the Medical College, which had also been newly formed, and the holdings were re-recorded in 1971-1977 by the archivist Erwin Biemann and the undersigned and brought into the present order. It was not possible to fall back on the old registry structure. The holdings E 162 II contains personal files of doctors, dentists, surgeons, obstetricians, veterinarians and pharmacists of the same provenance. Ludwigsburg, 15 December 1977W. Bürkle

1. On the history of the authorities: In the Duchy of Württemberg the Latin schools were usually established by church offices and occupied by theologians as teachers. Local supervision was exercised by the respective "scholarchate", which was subordinate to the church convent and the consistory. It was not until the organisational manifesto of 1806 (Reyscher XI, 341) that a special secular secondary school authority was created for Württemberg, the upper directorate of studies or upper directorate of studies. The president of this authority, who was also chancellor of the University of Tübingen, was initially only in charge of the university, the Tübinger Stift, the evang theological seminars and the grammar schools. In 1817 the Oberstudiendirektion received the designation "Königl. Studienrat". He was now also entrusted with the supervision of the Latin schools, while the University of Tübingen was directly subordinated to the Ministry of Church and Education. With the exception of the university, the Wilhelmsstift and the elementary schools, the Studienrat was the supreme authority for all educational institutions. He was in charge of the district inspections of the Latin schools, the Lyceums and grammar schools with the associated secondary schools and institutions of the country. In addition to the supervision of all public secondary schools, he supervised the scientific and moral education of the students, their health care and the benefits. He determined the teachers and servants, hired them and dismissed them. The study council had the direct supervision over the grammar schools, Lyceums and the evang. seminars, for the lower Latin schools, the higher citizen schools and the secondary schools existed a middle place in the common upper offices and the district school inspectors, the since 1839 existing polytechnic school in Stuttgart, which 1829 as Gewerbeschule in connection with the secondary and art school created (Reg.Bl. 1829, p. 16), however 1832 (Reg.Bl. S. 395) was separated from these again and continued as an independent educational institution, was directly subordinated to the Ministry by order of the Ministry for Church and Education of 16 April 1862 § 52 (Reg.Bl.Bl. p. 109), which emerged from the "Geistliche Departement" created by King Frederick Friedrich, without any intermediate authority. The aim was to simplify the course of business and bring the ministry closer to the schools. As a secondary school authority, however, the ministerial department remained a state authority. The Minister brought important matters, which had previously had to be submitted in writing, mostly to the collegial consultations held under his chairmanship. The other, less important matters were dealt with by the departmental board in a collegial or office manner. The law of 1.7.1876 (Reg.Bl. p. 267) brought a reorganization in the local supervision: Institutions with upper classes were now subordinated to the upper study authority (ministerial department), the remaining schools were supervised by the local school authority. These local school commissions consisted of local heads and local chaplains. They were only abolished by the "small school law" of 1920 and their tasks were transferred to the school board. By announcement of the Ministry of Church and Education of 8.8.1903 (Reg.Bl. p. 456), the Ministerial Department for Schools and Real Schools received the designation "Royal Ministerial Department for Secondary Schools". Their duties remained the same. Its position vis-à-vis the secondary schools was twofold: 1. it was the highest authority in matters that fell within the competence of the Ministry; 2. it was the highest authority in matters that fell within the competence of the Ministry; 3. it was the highest authority in matters that fell within the competence of the Ministry. Important matters were dealt with through collegial consultations chaired by the Minister or his deputy. The other matters were dealt with through the rapporteurs' presentations. As an independent state college, it was the secondary school authority in all areas of higher education, insofar as they did not fall within the direct competence of the ministry itself. After the collapse in 1945, the ministerial department was abolished as a special office. Their tasks were taken over by the ministries of education and cultural affairs of the regions in northern and southern Württemberg, which were separated by the occupation authorities. With the reunification of the state of Baden-Württemberg and the founding of the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952, high school offices were set up at the regional councils as middle instances, which took over individual subordinate administrative tasks from the ministry. 2. on the history of the collection: Most of the files on hand arrived from the Ministry of Culture in Stuttgart in 1949 and 1950 (Tgb.-No. 287 and 393/49 or 685/50). The files of the headmaster's office and the study council concerning the University of Tübingen and the Polytechnic School in Stuttgart had already been handed over to the State Archives by the Ministry of Culture in 1908. Both educational institutions were, as mentioned above, under the direct control of the ministry since 1817 and 1862 respectively. Finally, in 1953, after the reunification of the two parts of the state of North Württemberg and Südwürttemberg-Hohenzollern, which had been separated by the occupying powers after the collapse of 1945, the State Archives of Sigmaringen handed over to the State Archives the local records of the higher schools in their area, which had been transferred there in 1949. The reorganization of the holdings by the undersigned, with the help of the archive employee W. Böhm, began in 1960. It was interrupted several times by other work, even over a period of years, and was not completed until 1971. In addition to the files of the Oberstudiendirektion (1806-1817), the Studienrat (from 1817) and the Ministerialabteilung (from 1866), the collection also contains the files of the Konsistorium über die Lateinschulen for the years 1806-1817 as well as the files of the Kommission für die höhere Mädchenschulwesen (Commission for the Higher Schools for Girls) established in 1877-1905 (established by the law of 30 June 1876).12.1877, Reg.Bl. p. 294; repealed by law of 30.12.1877, Reg.Bl. p. 294; repealed by law of 27.7.1903, Reg.Bl. p. 254) were left here since their duties were later taken over by the Ministerial Department for the Secondary Schools. Finally, there are still isolated files of different provenance, mostly pre-files, which were left in the inventory for reasons of expediency, but were marked as such in the corresponding place. 1805 the inventory now comprises tufts = 42 linear metres. The holdings E 203 I (personal files of the teachers) and E 203 II (admission work for the teaching profession at secondary schools) contain files of the same provenance Ludwigsburg, August 1973W. Bürkle

Preliminary remark: The present repertory essentially concludes the order and recording of the extensive files of the Ministerial Department for the Secondary Schools and its previous authorities (E 202 - E 203 IV), i.e. the files on the Secondary Schools in Württemberg from the foundation of the kingdom 1806 to 1945.While the extensive E 202 stock (1975 repertory) contains the general administrative files of the authorities, the E 203 I - E 203 IV stocks contain the files created by the personnel administration:E 203 I Personnel files of teachers in higher schoolsE 203 II Admission work for the teaching profession in higher schoolsE 203 III Personnel files of administrative officials and employeesE 203 IV Personnel file of teachers in higher schoolsAs Oberstudiendirektion was founded in 1806, renamed Studienrat in 1817 (with extended remit), the authority has since 1903 used the name Ministerialabteilung für die höhere Schulen. It was in charge of the supervision of the Protestant theological seminars, of all schools of scholars, namely the grammar schools, Lyceums and Latin schools, as well as of the educational institutions for trade education (the polytechnic school with the winter building trade school) and of the higher and lower secondary schools. The lower Latin and secondary schools, on the other hand, were directly under the control of the local school authorities and the community high schools. With the exception of the University of Tübingen, the Wilhelmstift and the elementary schools, it supervised all educational institutions, including the scientific and moral education of the pupils, the employment and dismissal of teachers and servants (by order or review), and the supervision of their official duties. She also tested the teacher candidates. The ministerial department was abolished in 1945; its tasks were now performed by the cult ministries in Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern. 1952 saw the establishment of the Oberschulämter as intermediate authorities, some of which were given corresponding responsibilities (for more details on the history of the authorities, see the preface to Repertorium E 202). the far-reaching and very comprehensive responsibility of the ministerial department may reveal the significance of the holdings of personnel files of teachers at secondary schools that were made accessible here. The individual personnel files often document the pedagogical freedom of movement (in)of the teachers as well as the supervision of the superior authority far beyond the personal life and career data. Not a few personalities who initially worked in the school service and whose personnel files are available here later achieved prestige and success in literary, cultural or political life.B. the writers Gustav Schwab and Dr. D.F. Weinland (author of the "Rulaman"), the folk and regional poet Hermann Otto Heuschele, the dignified president Johannes v. Hieber. During the final work of the listing the personnel files of the administrative officials and employees were taken out and spun off as inventory E 203 III. The files were handed over in 1949/1950 by the then Kultministerium Württemberg-Baden and in 1977 by the Oberschulamt Stuttgart.1977/1978 the files were ordered and indexed by the temporary employees Ute Radicke, Ingrid Hermann and Anita Hundsdörfer under the direction of the archive employee Erwin Biemann and the archive inspector, e.g. Heinrich Graf. After the two file deliveries (each comprising the letters A-Z) had been indexed according to numerus currens, they were merged and brought into a uniform alphabetical order. The final work was done by an archive inspector, Heinrich Graf. Ludwigsburg, March 1979Dr. Schmierer

The supervision of the police in the residences of Stuttgart and Ludwigsburg had been the responsibility of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the Cabinet Ministry since 7 May 1803. By decree of 12 February 1812, a separate police ministry was formed, responsible for police matters in the cities of Stuttgart, Ludwigsburg, Ulm and Cannstatt, as well as for the security police, in particular the action against beggars and vagantes, and the fire and aliens police. In 1816, the Ministry of the Interior was given responsibility for police matters; the Cabinet Ministry remained responsible for the Residence Police as the Ministry of Police. From 1 March 1817 to 23 August 1821 a separate ministry of the Residenzpolizei existed once again. In addition to files on police matters from the police ministry registry, this collection also contains files from the Interior Ministry and the Cabinet Ministry. Content and Evaluation Received are documents relating to personnel matters, the organisation of the Ludwigsburg and Stuttgart police headquarters and the Cannstatt and Ulm police commissions, general police orders and matters relating to the poor police, censorship, forced and workhouses, the field, fire and building police (with building applications in Stuttgart and Ludwigsburg), the admission of trades, the market, medical, military, passport and foreigner police and the security police.

Content and valuation The holdings contain estate files of the notary's office in Stuttgart. These came to the State Archives in various deliveries and in different ways. The archive units Bü 1-2112, Bü 2217 and Bü 2223-2227 are files of the access 2012/005. These files were viewed directly in the notary's office in Stuttgart by Dr. Elke Koch and selected according to the Baden-Württemberg evaluation model for documents of the notary's offices; this access covered the file years 1900 to 1918. Since 2002, the State Archives in Ludwigsburg had held a further delivery of inheritance files of the notary's office in Stuttgart, which extend over the period 1906-1927. These files had already been handed over by the notary's office to the Stuttgart City Archives in 1962 and 1968 respectively; the latter handed over the files to the Ludwigsburg State Archives in 2002 (access 2002/66) for reasons of competence. Probably in the 1960s the notary's office had sorted out those inheritance files which did not contain any certificates of inheritance or wills and then delivered them completely to the Stuttgart City Archives. The inheritance files for access 2002/66 were originally kept in portfolio FL 310/1. After the indexing of the access in 2012/005 had been completed, the other estate files were also re-evaluated according to the Baden-Württemberg model and the historically valuable ones were indexed in the present holdings FL 312/135 I. The collection is now available in the form of a collection of the same name. The files from the 2002 access were given the office numbers here: Bü 2113-2116 and Bü 2228-2470. The collection is supplemented by a few files, which were delivered in 2011/029 (Bü 2218-2222). This means that all the estate documents at the Stuttgart notary's office for the years 1900 to 1918 have been sorted out, the historically valuable ones taken over and listed in FL 312/135 I. The collection also contains files from 1919-1927; however, further files from 1919 are still unseparated in the notary's office. The notarial acts of guardianship, care and assistance constitute the FL 312/135 II collection. Dr. Elke Koch, 28.7.2016

Content and Assessment The courts of the NSDAP functioned as mechanisms for maintaining party discipline, overcoming internal party conflicts, and purifying the party of racially and politically undesirable and insubordinate members. They emerged from the investigative and conciliation committees (Uschlas) of the "fighting period" and were independent of the ordinary courts, whose procedural structure, however, they followed. In the party hierarchy, they were adapted and assigned to the political organization in the form of local, district and district courts. The documents of the NSDAP district court in Stuttgart, captured by the US military, were transferred to the Ludwigsburg State Archives after the political cleansing had been completed. There it received the signature PL 503/29.

The files of the Württemberg - Hohenzollern district administration of the National Socialist Teachers' Association were sent, albeit incompletely, after the Second World War to the Document Center in Berlin and from there via the Federal Archives to the Ludwigsburg State Archives, where they were formed into their own holdings under the signature PL 516. Content and Evaluation During the Third Reich, the National Socialist Teachers' Association (NSLB), founded in 1929 as a fighting organization for National Socialist educators, developed into the sole teacher organization in the course of the gradual dissolution of the traditional teacher associations, with the task of aligning all teachers in the National Socialist sense, among other things by means of courses, camps and training camps. The NSLB was an affiliated association of the NSDAP. His complicated organizational structure and his increasingly out-of-control financial system led him into a crisis that worsened during the Second World War. In 1943, the NS teachers' association was "shut down" on the instructions of the party chancellery and thus effectively dissolved. Between 1981 and 1990, Dr. Wolfgang Schmierer, Dr. Günter Cordes and Dr. Herwig John recorded about 4/5 of the inventory, excluding duplicates, reminders, receipts, etc. - a total of about 3.5 metres of shelving. The correspondence files were summarized in group correspondence with authorities, with the NSDAP and its divisions, with the district administrations the NS teacher federation. The confused membership card index, which now constitutes the third part of the stock, was again sorted alphabetically by Werkschüler Rainer Hornung. Between May 2004 and February 2007, Dr. Carl-Jochen Müller allocated or distorted the remaining holdings in the course of a project financed by the Stiftung Kulturgut to index the holdings group PL 501-523. The focus of the preserved documents is on the varied correspondence with the district administrations; the social services as well as the exhibition activities and student competitions are also relatively well documented.

1. on the administrative history of the Württemberg upper offices: 1. the upper offices in their context (constitutional structure, "Staatsverein"): the administrative structure, which was created at the beginning of the 19th century for the double territory of the kingdom of Württemberg compared to the duchy, remained in place with minor changes until 1938, partly even beyond that. During this period, the Land was divided into 63 senior offices plus the Stuttgart City Council (1). The average area of an upper administrative district was around 1822 5.7 square miles = 316 square kilometres, the average number of inhabitants 20,700 (1926 : 41,604), whereby in the course of time a considerable imbalance resulted (the number of inhabitants per upper administrative district varied 1926 between 18,000 and 341,000). The four district governments, which replaced the twelve bailiwicks established in 1806 (2) in 1817, were the intermediate authorities between the individual upper offices and the ministerial level. The Württemberg constitution in force from 1819 to 1919 (3) was based on the municipalities as the "basis of the state association" (4). The higher offices had the task of bringing the administrative matters directly affecting the individual citizens, which the municipalities dealt with largely on their own responsibility, into the state administration. The problem of the greatest possible integration of all those affected by administrative measures arose for the higher offices as well as the problem of a uniform implementation of domestic government measures. The upper offices were also the constituencies for the elections to the Chamber of Deputies (5). 2. functionariesThe Ministry of the Interior delegated the responsibility for the higher office administrations to one senior official each, since the 1830s as a rule a lawyer with a university degree. As a civil servant, he was responsible for all administrative matters which were not the responsibility of the judicial (6) or fiscal (7) authorities, he was in charge of the police and (in the case of infringements) the penal authorities and he supervised the local authorities. As administrative civil servants, he was subordinate to a senior secretary and (since the second half of the 19th century) a bailiff as deputy. In addition to this administration, there was the official assembly as a body with coordination and integration functions. In it the individual municipalities of an Oberamtsbezirk were combined as an official body. The number of deputies each municipality provided depended on its share of the public burdens to be borne jointly, the "official damage". As an upper limit, a municipality was allowed to provide a maximum of one third (8) of the members of the official assembly, while small municipalities sent a joint representative. The Official Assembly met twice a year. In order to maintain its presence, it elects from among its members an executive committee, an actuary (who was at the same time an assistant to the Oberamts auditor) and appointed the Oberamtspfleger (9) as well as the other officials of the administrative body (10) as responsible for cash and accounting.Thus, according to constitutionalist theory, the responsibility for continuous, active administrative work lay with government officials, while financial regulation and control functions were carried out by a body that brought together those affected by administrative measures and those who financed them. Approaches that went beyond a representative system based purely on control and finance were not evident in the administrative sector, but rather in the area of social tasks and services, where officials of the official corporation were active. 3. limits of the uniform district organisation. It was not possible from the outset for all administrative functions to have an organisation in which (as in the case of the internal and judicial administrations) (11) the administrative districts corresponded to the regional districts. In the case of the deanery offices of the two large churches, it is clear from the regional distribution of the denomination that a district administration was not established for each upper office; nevertheless, as far as practicable, deanery and upper office boundaries were often identical. Where there were practical reasons to do so, the forestry, camera, customs and building inspectorates also had jurisdictional districts which deviated from the upper administrative districts. The decisive disruptive factor for a uniform administrative organisation at district level, the patrimonial jurisdiction of the class lord restored after 1819 by the Federal Act, was eliminated in 1849. The same applies to the special rights of independent royal and noble estates which before 1849 had not been incorporated into the municipal associations and thus not into the district administration. 4. individual important changes in the supreme official organisation1842: Due to excessive distances from the head office or other economic and traffic conditions, individual municipalities are reassigned in 31 head offices (Reg.Bl. 1842, p. 386 - 389).1850 ff: The regionally different development of the country leads to a considerable imbalance between individual districts in the course of time despite the original balance. Changes to individual divisions (e.g. dissolution of the Cannstatt regional office in 1923; dissolution of the Weinsberg regional office in 1926) do not eliminate these differences.1906: The Amtsversammlungs-Ausschuss is given the name Bezirksrat (district council) and is also consulted on the business of state administration. The Official Assembly may set up committees to monitor individual institutions and facilities of the official body. The actuary shall be replaced by a secretary elected for 3 years by the Assembly. 1933: Re-establishment of an official corporation, which is limited to an advisory function and is given the name Kreisverband. The district administrator is appointed the "leader" of the district administration. The terms Kreis (for Oberamt), Kreistag (for Amtsversammlung) and Kreisrat (for Bezirksrat) are introduced. The district council consists of the district administrator as chairman, the district leader of the NSDAP and five other members appointed by the district administrator in agreement with the district leader (Reg. Bl. 1938, pp. 51 - 72, 82, 139, 189).1938: 27 district associations are dissolved and affiliated to the remaining 34 (for the regulations and distribution of the individual municipalities see Reg. Bl. 1938, pp. 155 - 162). The city management district of Stuttgart will continue to exist as a city district. The cities of Ulm and Heilbronn (with Neckargartach and Sontheim) become town districts. Mögle-Hofacker 2. The history of the Backnang upper office: Up to the reorganization of the administration at the beginning of the 19th century, the city of Mögle-Hofacker was a part of the city. At the end of the 19th century, the area of the Backnang upper office consisted of the following parts (12): town and office Backnang (town, Reichenberger office, Ebersberger office), Murrhardt monastery office, individual parts from old Württemberg offices (Marbach office, Weinsberger office - Böhringsweiler lower office), Löwensteinsiche and storm feather possessions (Württemberg fiefdom) as well as possessions of the Schöntal monastery.From 1806 the upper office Backnang was first assigned to the district Heilbronn, belonged after the division of the dukedom into bailiwicks in 1810 to the bailiwick at the lower Necker and was subordinate since 1817 to the district government of the Neckar circle. The composition of the municipalities of the Oberamtbezirk listed below essentially lasted until the National Socialist administrative reform of 1938. As a result of the new district division decreed on 1 October 1938, the Backnang district became the legal successor of the Backnang district (Oberamt). With the exception of Neufürstenhütte, the former communities remained in the Backnang district. Further communities were assigned to him from the following (now dissolved) districts or upper offices: District Gaildorf: Gaildorf, Altersberg, Eutendorf, Fichtenberg, Frickenhofen, Gschwendt, Hausen an der Roth, Laufen am Kocher, Oberrot, Ottendorf, Sulzbach am Kocher and Unterrot.District (Oberamt) Marbach: Affalterbach, Allmersbach am Weinberg, Burgstall, Erbstetten, Kirchberg an der Murr, Kleinaspach, Nassach, Rielingshausen, and Weiler zum Stein.district (Oberamt) Welzheim: Kirchenkirnberg.on January 1, 1973 the district Backnang was finally dissolved. The legal successor became the Rems-Murr-Kreis. 3. statistical data and list of municipalities: Area : 283.44 sqkminhabitants: 31,944municipalities: 30 (2 towns, 28 municipalities)markings: 119places: 1991. Backnang with Mittelschöntal, Oberschöntal, Rötleshof, Sachsenweiler, Staigacker, Stiftsgrundhof, Ungeheuerhof and Unterschöntal2. Allmersbach3. Althütte with Kallenberg, Lutzenberg, Schöllhütte and Voggenhof4. Fracture5. Cottenweiler6. Ebersberg7. Fornsbach with Harnersberg, Hinterwestermurr, Mettelberg and Schlosshof8. Grave-with Frankenweiler, Mannenweiler, Morbach, Schönbronn, Schöntalhöfle and Trauzenbach9. Großaspach with Füstenhof10. Großerlach with Liemersbach, Mittelfischbach, Oberfischbach and Unterfischbach11. Heiningen 12. Heutensbach13. Jux14. Lippoldsweiler with Däfern and Hohnweiler15. Maubach16. Murrhardt with Harbach, Hausen, Hinterbüchelberg, Hintermurrhärle, Hördthof, Hoffeld, Käsbach, Karnsberg, Kieselhof, Klingen, Köchersberg, Sauerhöfle, Schwammhof, Siebenknie, Siegelsberg, Steinberg, Streitweiler, Vordermurrhärle and Waltersberg17. Neufürsten hut18. Oberbrüden with Heslachhof, Mittelbrüden, Rottmannsberg, Tiefental and Trailhof19. Oberweissach with Kammerhof and Wattenweiler20. Oppenweiler 21st Reichenberg with Aichelbach, Bernhalden, Dauernberg, Ellenweiler, Reichenbach an der Murr, Reutenhof, Schiffrain and Zell22. Rietenau23. Sechselberg with Fautsbach, Hörschhof, Schlichenweiler and Waldenweiler24. Spiegelberg with Großhöchberg, Roßstaig and Vorderbüchelberg25. Steinbach26, Strümpfelbach with Katharinenhof27, Sulzbach an der Murr with Bartenbach, Berwinkel, Eschelhof, Eschenstruet, Ittenberg, Kleinhöchberg, Lautern, Liemannsklinge, Schleißweiler, Siebersbach and Zwerenberg28. Lower vapors29. Unterweissach with Mitteldresselhof, Oberdresselhof and Unterdresselhof30. Waldrems with HorbachQuelle: Staatshandbuch für Württemberg. Village directory. Published by the Württemberg State Statistical Office. Stuttgart 1936, pp. 12-18. 4. History of registries and holdings: The holdings F 152 III, which were newly catalogued from July to December 2004, consist of three parts: On the one hand, these are files that were delivered to the Ludwigsburg State Archives by the Backnang branch of the Waiblingen State Health Department in 1976 as part of a larger file delivery and assigned to the Oberamtsbestand (1 m; Bü 1-30). The second and largest part of the collection consists of documents that the District Office of the Rems-Murr District submitted in 1974 and 1975 at the insistence of the State Archives Administration (13.3 mf. m; Bü 31-391 and Bü 393-446)(13) A large part of these files, for which so far no finding aid was available, had been torn from their context of origin by self-proclaimed "district archivists" in the district offices Backnang and Waiblingen. In the Backnang District Office local and material pertinences had been formed which could not be returned continuously to the original order of the records and which were recorded in the last classification point as "local pertinences". In addition, the structure of the entire portfolio is based on the Flattich file plan, which also contained documents with the following third-party provenances that were segregated in the course of the registration work: Oberamtspflege Backnang: Invoice receipts, sorted by property and local pertinence (6.5 m), were assigned to F 717. Oberamt Gaildorf: Property files; partly sorted by municipalities (4 m), will in future form F 166 IV. Oberamt Marbach: Property files; partly sorted according to municipalities (4 m), were included in the inventory F 182 III. Oberamt Welzheim: Property files concerning the parish of Kirchenkirnberg (0.3 m running) form the inventory F 214 III.the files of the district office Backnang (0.4 m running) were included in the inventory FL 20/2 I.the third part of the inventory F 152 III originates from the inventory FL 20/2 I district office Backnang (10.2 m running; Bü 392 and Bü 447-935). These files, which had subsequently been arranged in the registry of the District Office according to the Flattich file plan, had previously only been indexed by a delivery list with file plan numbers and associated package numbers. This information can be found in the present finding aid book as a presignature. In the course of the revision of the inventory FL 20/2 I, documents of the provenances Oberamt Gaildorf (9 linear metres), Oberamt Marbach (1.5 linear metres) and Oberamt Welzheim (0.3 linear metres) were also sorted out and assigned to the respective inventories listed above (F 166 IV, F 182 III and F 214 III).In terms of content, the holdings excellently illustrate the diverse tasks of the Backnang Oberamt in large parts and thus supplement the previous Oberamt tradition, which the Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg holds in the holdings F 152 I, F 152 II (volumes) and F 152 IV (construction files). Also in the inventory FL 20/2 I Landratsamt Backnang there are - especially from the transitional period of the 1930s and 1940s - files that were created in the Oberamt. Further documents of the Oberamt Backnang can be found in the district archive of the Rems-Murr-Kreis in Waiblingen (fonds A1: Oberamt Backnang). Stock F 152 III comprises 935 units of registration, 24.5 metres of shelving. It contains documents with pre- and post-files from the period from 1701 to 1973, with the emphasis of the tradition on the period from the second half of the 19th to the first third of the 20th century. The files with the order signatures Bü 660, Bü 661, Bü 711 and Bü 719 are still subject to the personal blocking periods according to § 6 para. 2 of the Landesarchivgesetz.Ludwigsburg, December 2004Dr. Matthias Röschner NachtragF 152 III Bü 936-976 were spun off there in 2011 by Dorothea Bader in the course of the indexing of fonds F 166 IV and reassigned to the present fonds according to their provenance. Footnotes: (1) 63 of the 65 districts of the Oberamtsbezirk of 1808 remained after 1819: In 1819 the districts Ulm and Albeck had been joined to the Oberamtsbezirk Ulm. In 1811 the intermediate instance (at that time bailiwick bailiwicks), which had been generally inserted for the upper offices, was no longer applicable to the ministerial level of the Stuttgart city administration district. When in 1822 the city directorate of Stuttgart was again aligned with the higher offices, it was nevertheless no longer listed as a higher office, but always independently.(2) The first bailiwicks had been introduced in 1803 for Neuwürttemberg. The district governments existed until 1924.(3) See A.E. Adam. A century of Württemberg constitution, 1919.(4) Constitutional document § 62; Regierungsblatt of 1819, p. 645.(5) The deputies of the Second Chamber, who had not been sent out as representatives of specific interests (knighthood, representatives of both large churches, chancellors of the universities, guided tours), were each elected in the 63 upper offices and the 7 "good cities" (Stuttgart, Tübingen, Ludwigsburg, Ellwangen, Ulm, Heilbronn, Reutlingen).(6) The higher administrative courts established for each higher office in 1811 originally met under the chairmanship of the higher official. Since 1819 (edict about the Oberamtsverammlungen of 31.12.1818) they were independent. The separation of the judiciary and administration was thus completed at district level; the chief magistrate was confronted by the chief magistrate.(7) Property and income of the state were administered by the camera offices (omanial, construction, forestry administration). In the course of the 19th century, they finally developed into district coffers or district tax offices. In 1895 the alignment of the camera office districts with the upper office districts was completed.(8) From 1881 two fifths; cf. Grube, Vogteien, Ämter, Landkreise in der Geschichte Südwestdeutschland, 3rd edition 1975.(9) The senior official nurse received a seat and advisory vote in the official meeting, but was not allowed to be the municipal computer of the senior official city at the same time.(10) Above all, the official doctor, senior official veterinarian, senior official master builder, senior official street builder. (11) Each district court was responsible for one district of the Oberamt.(12) For the history of the authorities of the Oberamt see the preface by Walter Wannenwetsch in the Findbuch des Rems-Murr-Kreisarchivs für den Bestand A1 Oberamt Backnang 1806 - 1938. Edited by Renate Winkelbach and Walter Wannenwetsch. mschr. Waiblingen 1997.(13) Cf. StAL, fonds EL 18, Bü 594: Files discarded at the District Office Backnang as well as the files of the State Archives Ludwigsburg E III 12/19: Files discarded at the District Office Waiblingen