Showing 6 results

'Erkundungsmarsch in das Gebiet des Benue vom 21.10.1902 -7.1.1903. - Bericht von Oberleutnant Dominik

'Situation of White Populations. - Victoria

'Directives concernant le comportement des Troupes désignées à prendre possession des nouveaux territoires du Congo-Français. - Projets

Workers' mortality on the plantations due to dysentery and measures to combat it - Memorandum by Deputy Governor Dr Gleim, 1907 [fol. 2 - 3] Reports of the departments of the general administration. - Bare, January - December 1906, 1907 [fol. 10] Status of the white population. - Jabassi, January 1907 [fol. 14 - 15] Reports of the departments of the general administration. - Duala. Main magazine. Annual reports 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 25 - 30] Reports of the departments of the general administration. - Lolodorf 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 31 - 35] Reports of the departments of the general administration. - Victoria 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 37 - 47] Hydraulic engineering. - Victoria, district. - Construction of the 1005m drainage and reclamation canal from Victoria to the sea. - Report by Deputy District Officer Kirchhof on the merits of Kiessler, the prisoner in charge of supervising the construction, 1907 [fol. 48] Reports of the general administration departments. - Jabassi 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 52 - 71] Reports of the general administration departments. - Duala. Harbour Office, annual reports 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 57 - 61] Reports of the general administration departments. - Bare 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 77 - 91] Reports of the general administration departments. - Ossidinge 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 92 - 99] Cultivation trials in the experimental gardens. - Experience reports in accordance with Circular No. 242 of 25 April 1907. - Ossidinge [fol. 100 - 103] Reports from the general administration departments. - Johann-Albrechtshöhe 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 104 - 106] Reports of the general administration departments. - Duala, District Office, Annual Reports 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 108 - 112] Reports of the general administration departments. - Edea 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 115 - 128] Reports of the departments of the general administration. - Rio del Rey 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 132 - 137] Reports of the departments of the general administration. - Dschang 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 138 - 148] Reports of the departments of the general administration. - Bare February - March 1907, 1907 [fol. 138 - 148] Reports of the general administration departments. - Joko 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 149 - 160] Reports of the general administration departments. - Ossidinge 1905/06, 1906 [fol. 163 - 171] Reports of the departments of the general administration. - Bamenda 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 196 - 201] Reports of the departments of the general administration. - Banjo 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 184 - 190] Budget, treasury and accounting. - Banjo. - Budget control lists - April 1906 - March 1907 [fol. 191 - 192] Annual report of the Victoria District Court: 1 April 1906 - 31 March 1907 [fol. 204 - 207] Reports of the general administration departments. - Lomie 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 209 - 230] Public Health : Annual Reports 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 237 - 242] Veterinary Services. - Annual report 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 241] Reports of the general administration departments. - Ebolowa 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 248 - 258] Reports of the general administration departments. - Buea 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 261 - 273] Reports of the departments of the general administration. - Kampo 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 276 - 282] Reports of the departments of the general administration. - Kribi 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 283 - 289] Annual reports of the land surveyors. - Gehlen, cadastral inspector for 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 291] Annual reports of the land surveyors. - Hahn for 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 292] Reports of the offices of the general administration. - Kusseri January-December 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 293 - 302] Status of the white population. - Bascho (Basso), May 1907 [fol. 304] Annual reports of the governorate. - Annual Report 1906/07 Volume 1, draft [fol. 306 - 349] Cultivation trials in the experimental gardens. - Field reports in accordance with Circular No. 242 of 25 April 1907 - Victoria cultivation trials in the experimental gardens. - Field reports in accordance with Circular No. 242 of 25 April 1907 - Jabassi [fol. 353] Cultivation trials in the trial gardens. - Field reports in accordance with Circular No. 242 of 25 April 1907 - Entire Cameroon Protectorate [fol. 354 - 358] Livestock breeding. - Annual Report 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 359 - 362] Decline in ivory exports from the protectorate of Cameroon. - Report, 1907 [fol. 369 - 372] Sea and river traffic in the Cameroon Protectorate (records). - Coastal sites, (April) 1906, (March) 1907 [fol. 375] Telecommunications. - Development of telecommunications in the protectorate. - Annual report 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 377] Forest administration. - Annual Report 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 379] Revenue of the Protectorate. - Overviews. - Financial year 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 380] Status of the white population. - Entire protectorate, December 1906 [fol. 382 - 400] Status of the non-native non-white population. - Entire protectorate, April 1907 [fol. 401 - 402] Status of the native population. - Entire protectorate, April 1907 [fol. 403] Government schools : Duala. - Annual Report 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 408] Government Schools. - Victoria [fol. 410] Evangelical Missionary Society in Basel. - Annual report 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 411 - 412] Missionary Society of the German Baptists. - Annual Report 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 415 - 422] Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. - Entire Mission Field. - Annual Report 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 423 - 425] Co-operative Society of the Pallottines. - Annual Report 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 426 - 432] Government Schools: Garua. - Status report, December 1906 [fol. 433 - 434] Labour relations in the districts. - Report by the Lüdinghausen labour commissioner. - Buea, Johann-Albrechtshöhe (Lake Barombi) - Victoria, May 1907 [fol. 441 - 445] Plantation statistics. - Total protected area, 1907 [fol. 446 - 449] Annual report of the Duala Chamber of Commerce 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 480 - 481] Versuchsanstalt für Landeskultur, Victoria. - Annual report 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 451 - 465] Reports of the general administration departments. - Buea. - Annual report 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 471 - 478] Reports of the general administration departments. - Duala, District Treasury, Annual Reports 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 482 - 485] Sea and river traffic in the Cameroon Protectorate (records). - Küstenplätze, January-December 1906 [fol. 487] Sentencing in the districts of the protectorate of Cameroon (statistics), partly with lists of names. - Entire protectorate, 1906/07 [fol. 488 - 490] Ordinances of the governorate. - Directories, April 1906 March 1907 [fol. 491] Companies. - Randad & Stein, Hamburg. - Entire protectorate of Cameroon, 1907 [fol. 492 - 495] Europeans. - Numerical distribution of officers and medical officers for Cameroon to the posts and stations. - Overview, 1 January 1907 [fol. 496 - 498] Europeans. - Entire protectorate, 1 January 1907 [fol. 496 - 498] Reports of the general administration departments. - Residentur Garua 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 500 - 516] Sea and river traffic in the protectorate of Cameroon (records). - Yaoundé (Njong) see also Lomie, January-February 1907 [fol. 530] Establishment of native crops on the farm of the Buea station, 1907 [fol. 532] Reports of the departments of the general administration. - Yaoundé 1906/07, 1907 [fol. 521 - 528] Native crops. - Crops and agriculture. - Ossidinge district, 1907 [fol. 539 - 543] Crop trials in the experimental gardens. - Field reports in accordance with Circular No. 242 of 25 April 1907 - Edea [fol. 544 - 548] Crop trials in the experimental gardens. - Field reports in accordance with Circular No. 242 of 25 April 1907 - Bascho [fol. 546] Cultivation trials in the trial gardens. - Experience reports in accordance with Circular Decree No. 242 of 25 April 1907 - Duala [fol. 552 - 556] Cultivation trials in the trial gardens. - Field reports according to Circular Decree No. 242 of 25 April 1907 - Dschang with Fontem, Mbo and Bamileke area [fol. 560 - 567] Native crops. - Crops and agriculture. - Bamum (Fumban) area, 1907 [fol. 561 - 563] Crop trials in the experimental gardens. - Field reports in accordance with Circular No. 242 of 25 April 1907 - Ebolowa [fol. 564] Cultivation trials in the experimental gardens. - Field reports in accordance with Circular No. 242 of 25 April 1907. - Kampo [fol. 565] Introduction of cotton cultivation in the Bamum (Fumban) region. - Report by the gardener Stössel [fol. 569 - 574] Sketch of the district and tribal boundaries of the Joko military station, no. M, pen and ink drawing with coloured inscriptions, thick cardboard, 1907 Sketch of the district and tribal boundaries of the Joko military station - by Heigelin, First Lieutenant of the Schutztruppe for Cameroon and station chief, 1907 General sketch of the old and new Deng Deng road in the area of the Joko military station, 1: 1 000 000 Pen and ink drawing with coloured inscriptions, thick cardboard, von Oertzen, Lieutenant, 1907 Graphic representation of the water level of the Sanaga River at Edea in the period from 1. 4.1906 - 31.3.1907, 1907 Operations in the Deng-Deng area and connections to the French post Kunde, 1906 - 1907

Einzelelfälle. - Oertel, medical orderly. - Leaving in cash, 1912 [fol. 1] Native taxes and benefits. - Entry into force of the Native Man Tax Ordinance on 1.4.1913. - Telegraphic order from Governor Dr Ebermaier, 1912 [fol. 2] Cultivation trials. - Cotton. - Exploration of the eastern part of the Joko district by the agricultural expert Dr Simoneit for cotton cultivation possibilities. - Order of the Governor Dr Ebermaier, 1912 [fol. 8 - 9] Local government offices. - Bamenda. - Retention of the administration at the previous location, expansion and fortification of the station (provision of funds), 1912 [fol. 10] Bamum (Fumban). - Establishment of a residence. - Memorandum by Dr Ebermaier, 1912 [fol. 14 - 16] Cameroon Northern Railway - continuation. - Development of the Bamum (Fumban) area after the extension of the Cameroon Northern Railway. - Memorandum by Governor Dr Ebermaier, 1912 [fol. 14 - 16] Personality of Chief Njoya. - Report by Governor Dr Ebermaier, 1912 [fol. 14 - 16] Individual cases. - Adametz, Captain. - Planned appointment as resident in Bamum (Fumban) from spring 1913, 1912 [fol. 14 - 20] Regional border matters. - Ossidinge, 1912 [fol. 17] Offices of the local administration. - Bamenda. - Administrative changes (planning), April 1912 [fol. 18 - 19] Distribution of European civil servants. - Lists. - Filling of administrative posts with officers of the Schutztruppe für Kamerun. - Plans by Governor Dr Ebermaier, 1912 [fol. 20] Reinforcement of the police force in the Dschang district by 10 soldiers. -Approval of the application of the district office by Governor Dr Ebermaier, 1912 [fol. 23] Gold deposits in the Garua (Njum) district. - Discovery of the deposit by The Niger Company, Ltd, 1912 [fol. 24] Cameroon Northern Railway - continuation. - Completion of the exploration for the railway line. - Report by technician Arnold, 1912 [fol. 31] Cameroon Northern Railway - continuation. - Economic importance of the Bamum (Fumban) area. - Report by Technician Arnold, 1912 [fol. 31 - 37] Offices of the Special Administration. - Buea Government Printing Office. - Conditions of the department. - Memorandum, Privy Government Councillor Dr Meyer, 1912 [fol. 39 - 42] Offices of the special administration. - Buea Government Printing Office. - Sanitary conditions of the office. - Expert opinion by government physician Dr Schütz, 1912 [fol. 43 - 44] Offices of the Special Administration. - Buea Government Printing Office. - Conditions of the department and strengthening of the private printing industry. - Report by Governor Dr Ebermaier, 1912 [fol. 45 - 51] Displacement of the Kauri snail as a means of payment from the markets of the Bamum (Fumban) region. - Memorandum by Governor Dr Ebermaier, 1912 [fol. 52] Arrest of the chiefs Tedi Mbassa and Dalugene in the Dume area. - Report by Lieutenant Zipse, 1912 [fol. 53] Establishment of a meteorological service in the Kamerun protectorate. - Memorandum by Governor Dr Ebermaier, 1913 [fol. 62 - 66] Cotton. - Cotton cultivation in Nigeria. - Preparations for a business trip by the agricultural expert Dr Wolff, 1913 [fol. 67-70, 211 - 214] Livestock breeding. - Crossbreeding trials with Allgäu bulls and zebu cows. - Report by the government doctor Immel, Banjo, 1912 [fol. 73 - 78] Livestock breeding. - Stationing of European or zebu breeding bulls in Banjo. - Report of the government veterinarian Immel, 1912 [fol. 75 - 78] Livestock breeding. - Establishment of a breeding station for cattle, sheep and chickens. - Cost estimate by government veterinarian Immel, Banjo, 1912 [fol. 77 - 78] Livestock breeding. - Procurement of livestock for the Djutits livestock breeding station, Dschang district; establishment of the Bamenda livestock breeding station; livestock farming at the Kuti agricultural research station. - Provision of financial resources, 1913 [fol. 83-87, 171 - 173] Administrative and territorial boundaries (tribal boundaries). - Banjo and Bamenda, 1912 - 1913 [fol. 89 - 94] General political, military and economic conditions. - Bali area, especially support for the pro-government Chief Bali, 1913 [fol. 97 - 107] Administrative and territorial boundaries (tribal boundaries). - Dschang and Bamenda, 1912 [fol. 108] Mission and school matters. - Minutes of a meeting between Governor Dr Ebermaier and various experts in Kuti (Kutaba) near Bamum (Fumban), 1912 [fol. 109 - 120] Cattle breeding. - Cattle husbandry of the natives in the resident districts. - Questionnaire form, 1913 [fol. 121] Cameroon-Midland Railway. - Continuation of the Ngaundere Garua railway. - Memorandum by Dr Ebermaier, 1913 [fol. 127 - 128] Affairs of the chiefs. - Maintenance (re-gilding and re-silvering) and repair of the chieftaincy staffs awarded to the chiefs as emblems of sovereignty. - Order by Dr Ebermaier, 1913 [fol. 129] Affairs of the chiefs. - Handover of chiefs' staffs by Governor Dr Ebermaier during the Lake Chad journey. - List of chiefs, January 1913 [fol. 130] Development of the transport system in the Cameroon protectorate. - Memorandum by Government Councillor Schlosser for the colonial writer Zimmermann, 1913 [fol. 140] Europeans. - Budgetary departures of officers and non-commissioned officers of the protection force for Cameroon in the financial year 1913/14 - List of names, 1913 [fol. 144 - 145] Personnel budgets (drafts) for European civil servants and military personnel. - Accounting year 1914/15 [fol. 146 - 158] Local administration, general. - Renaming and administrative changes at the Residenturen. - Decree by Dr Ebermaier: Draft, 26.1.1913 [fol. 151 - 165] Taxes and services of the native. - Collection of poll tax and cattle tax in Lamidat Ngaundere. - Report by Governor Dr Ebermaier on the request of the Lamido, 1913 [fol. 159] General political, military and economic conditions. - New Cameroon (in particular reference to the insufficient German military forces there). - Report by Captain Schwartz, 1913 [fol. 166] Job applications for the financial year 1914/15 (with reasons). - Banjo (Bezirksksamtsmannstelle and discontinuation of the Bezirksleiterstelle) [fol. 174] Vacancy applications for the financial year 1914/15 (with justifications). - Molundu (District Officer's Office) [fol. 174] Europeans. - Personnel changes in the Schutztruppe for Cameroon. - Telegraphic order from Governor Dr Ebermaier, 12.2.1913 [fol. 184] European. - Personnel changes in the administration. - Telegraphic order from Governor Dr Ebermaier, 12.2.1913 [fol. 184] Members of the Special Administration. - Personnel changes in the forestry department after the death of Chief Forester Schorkopf. - Report by Privy Government Councillor Dr Meyer, 1913 [fol. 185] Development of the railway network in the Kamerun Protectorate, taking into account the navigable rivers after the acquisition of New Kamerun. - Report by Engineer Thevos, 1912 [fol. 185 - 206] March Garua Mbassi-Baibokum of the 12th Company (Captain von Raven, First Lieutenant Wanka) also: Representation of German power in the area of the eastern border at the request of Governor Dr Ebermaier, 1913 [fol. 216 - 220] Local administration, general. - Establishment of the administration along the new eastern border on the Logone. - Memorandum by Dr Ebermaier, 1913 [fol. 221 - 223] Land law, land registration, expropriation, land ownership of the natives. - Duala expropriation. - Meeting of the Duala chiefs. - Minutes (extracts), 9 December 1912 [fol. 167] Land law, land registration, expropriation, land ownership of the natives. - Duala expropriation. - Petition of the Duala chiefs to District Officer Röhm. - Transcript, 7 Dec. 1912 [fol. 168] Affairs of the chiefs. - Jaimo, deposed Lamido of Kontcha. - Return from British to German territory. - Statement by Governor Dr Ebermaier on Captain Eymael's report, Banjo, 1913 [fol. 177 - 182] Local government departments. - Ngaundere. - Taking over the business. - Report by Captain von Stephani, 1 February 1913 [fol. 224] Combating unrest and insurrections. - Eastern Frontier, 1907 - 1913 [fol. 216 - 220]

History of the Inventor: After the German Reich had abandoned an active colonial policy in the first years of its existence due to foreign policy considerations, this changed in 1884. The colonies Deutsch-Südwestafrika, Togo, Cameroon, Deutsch-Neuguinea, Deutsch-Ostafrika and Samoa, formally referred to as "protectorates", emerged. The governorates of these protectorates established in the following period were first under the control of the Colonial Department in the A u s w ä r t i g e s A m t and finally of the resulting R e i c h s k o l o n i a l a m t . The Kiautschou leasehold in China, acquired in 1898, was subject to the R e i c h s m a r i n e a m t . From the very beginning it was necessary to be able to assert and protect the interests of the empire in the colonies by military force. In the initial phase, this task was performed by ships and landing commands of the Imperial Navy. In the German South Sea colonies this remained so until the end. In the African colonies there was a development of their own. In 1889, a troupe of German volunteers with a contract under an active officer (Captain Curt von François) was formed in D e u t s c h - S ü d w e s t a f r i k a , which was initially only to perform police duties. In 1889, in D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a, the Reich Commissioner Captain Herrmann Wissmann set up a troop of recruited Africans to suppress the "Arab Uprising" that broke out in 1888. With the law of 22 March 1891 the "Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika" was finally formed from volunteers of the army and navy as well as recruited volunteers, followed by the "Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Südwestafrika" and the "Schutztruppe für Kamerun" with the law of 9 June 1895. A protection force for Togo was planned at times, but was not formed, just as there were no protection forces for German New Guinea or Samoa. Only police troops were formed there. In the respective protectorates the governor held the highest military power, the commander of the protection troop was subordinated to him. The protection troops were responsible for maintaining security and public order. At times the individual protection troops were exclusively occupied with the suppression of insurrections of the indigenous population. To this end, some considerable personnel reinforcements were recruited from Germany. The Schutztruppen were first led by the Reichsmarineamt. With the "Gesetz betreffend die Kaiserlichen Schutztruppen in den Afrikanischen Schutzgebieten und die Wehrpflicht daselbst" of 18 July 1896, the Schutztruppen were subordinated to the Reich Chancellor, administered by the Colonial Department in the Foreign Office. In the Colonial Department, the Department M - Military Administration (Command or High Command of the Protection Forces) was responsible. The Prussian War Ministry (Army Department) took over the organizational support. Command affairs were handled by the Director of the Colonial Department, with Division M as his military staff. With the establishment of the R e i c h s k o l o n i a l a m t by the Most High Decree of 17 May 1907, the command of the Schutztruppen was placed under its control, now as a military command staff with responsible command power. Like the Navy, the Schutztruppen were under the supreme command of the Emperor. Its members were volunteers of the army (or armies of Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony and Württemberg) and the navy, who retired from the respective army or navy for the time of their service in the Schutztruppen and then returned there again. The male German population in the protectorates was subject to compulsory military service. The conscripts in the Schutztruppen were able to meet these demands. In 1913 the Schutztruppe included the following personnel: - Command of the Schutztruppe in Berlin: 80 men - Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika: 2758 men (266 Germans, 2492 natives) - Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Südwestafrika: 1970 Mann (German) - Schutztruppe für Kamerun: 1471 Mann (171 German, 1300 indigenous) During the Herero Uprising, the Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Südwestafrika's personnel strength in 1907 was approx. 15,000 men. The outbreak of the First World War hit the German colonies unprepared. Defensive measures against other colonial powers had never been seriously considered, the Imperial Government had assumed that in the event of a European conflict the colonies could be kept out of the fighting according to the agreements in the Congo Act of 1885, despite warning voices from the colonies themselves. On 1 August 1914, therefore, only a state of emergency was declared in the protectorates. It was not until mid-August 1914 that mobilization began in the protectorates, but the armed units there (Schutztruppen, police troops, naval units present) were ultimately without a chance compared with the opponents who were far superior in terms of numbers and materials. The following were lost, partly after fierce fighting, partly without a fight: - on 27 August 1914 Togo - on 7 September 1914 Samoa - on 17 September 1914 Deutsch-Neuguinea - on 9 July 1915 Deutsch-Südwestafrika - in February 1916 Cameroon The Kiautschou leasehold area under the control of the Navy had capitulated after heavy fighting on 7 November 1914. It was only in D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a that the Schutztruppe was able to hold its ground to the end and thus bind considerable enemy forces. Their commander, Major General Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, only laid down his weapons on 25 November 1918 on order from Berlin. Processing note: The stock RW 51 was originally created as stock for the "imperial protection troops and other German land forces overseas" and comprised 29 units. In 2010, the documents of the East Asian Expeditionary Corps were extracted and, together with the corresponding new additions, formed the newly created holdings RW 61. Since then, the holdings of RW 51 have consisted exclusively of documents of the Imperial Protection Forces and were subsequently fundamentally revised and developed further. Some new additions were added. Description of the holdings: The collection contains the documents of the Imperial Schutztruppen for D e u t s c h - S ü d w e s t a f r i k a , D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a and Cameroon, as well as the command of the Schutztruppen, as far as they are available in the military archives. Characterization of content: The inventory contains only a few real fact files. It consists above all of a compilation of commandos of the Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika from 1907 to 1914, as well as a file of the same commandos with reports of subordinated units and offices from 1916. In addition there are documents on organization and supply in Deutsch-Ostafrika and Deutsch-Südwestafrika and in particular some hand-drawn maps. Only two documents have survived on Cameroon. State of development: The inventory RW 51 was originally created as an inventory for the "imperial protection troops and other German land forces overseas" and comprised 29 units. In 2010, the documents of the East Asian Expeditionary Corps were extracted and, together with the corresponding new additions, formed the newly created holdings RW 61. Since then, the holdings of RW 51 have consisted exclusively of documents of the Imperial Protection Forces and were subsequently fundamentally revised and developed further. Some new additions were added. Pre-archival order: The tradition of the Schutztruppen In the Bundearchiv military archive is purely fragmentary. The Schutztruppen archive in the Heeresarchiv was destroyed during the air raid on Potsdam in April 1945. This applies to the personnel files of the Schutztruppen and to the records in the archives of the Schutztruppen in the colonies themselves. The tradition of the command of the Schutztruppen is essentially in the R 1001 R e i c h s k o l o n i a l a m t . The documents of the protection troops remaining in Africa after the First World War are now in the national archives of Tanzania (Dar es Salaam), Namibia (Windhoek) and Cameroon (Duala). In addition, the Belgian Imperial Archives in Brussels contain documents of the Rwandan Schutztruppen. Films on the documents in Windhoek and Dar es Salaam can be found in the Federal Archives in Berlin. Replacement records of the Schutztruppen and their deployments can be found above all in the documents of the Imperial Navy, which as a rule acted in a supportive capacity or, during uprisings, also issued landing commands. In addition, reference should be made to the tradition of the contingents of protection troops in the respective state archives provided by Bavaria, Saxony and Württemberg. Scope, explanation: 30 AU Citation method: BArch, RW 51/...