Justiz

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BArch, R 1002 · Fonds · 1886-1924, 1936
Part of Federal Archives (Archivtektonik)

History of the inventor: In 1884 the German Reich took over the protection of the Bremen merchant Franz Adolf Eduard Lüderitz by acquiring land; in 1885 the German administration was established; the German colonial society, founded in 1895, expanded the German sphere of influence; in 1915 the Schutztruppe surrendered to the armed forces of the South African Union and the German administration ended. Inventory description: Inventory history At the end of the 1930s, the Reichsarchiv took over the files of the Colonial Administration of D e u t s c h - S ü d w e s t a f r i k a, in some cases with considerable gaps in their transmission. After the relocation caused by the war, they were transferred to the Central State Archive in Potsdam in 1945. Here, the classification of the holdings into the central administration of Windhoek, the local administrations and the special administrations (justice, police, mining, railways) with their substructures, which had already been carried out in the Reich Archives, was preserved. The few volumes of files kept in the Federal Archives in Koblenz were assigned to the holdings after the reunification of Germany. Archive evaluation and processing In addition to the factual files of the most varied areas and administrative levels, the personnel files of the inspection of the state police as well as the railway administration and railway construction authorities form the most extensive groups of files with about 80 per cent of the transmission. The classification of the stock was carried out largely in accordance with the classification shown in the provisional finding aid, which was based on the registry scheme valid at the time. Only in a few individual cases were volumes assigned to a different classification. The order and titles of the volumes remained essentially unchanged. An index of persons, objects and places has been omitted, so that searches are only possible via the online version of this finding aid book. Content characterisation: Central administration; governorate in Windhoek; commissioner of the former governorate in Windhoek; local administration; district offices; district offices; administration of justice; high court in Windhoek; district courts; mountain authorities; registration aids. State of development: Findbuch 1942; Online-Findbuch 2002 Citation method: BArch, R 1002/...

FA 1 / 2 · File · 1886 - 1888
Part of Cameroon National Archives

'The North German Missionary Society in Bremen avoids the mission territory in Togo. - Report by the Grade Secretary for the attention of the Foreign Office - Including: - Presentation of the situation by the German Missionary Society in West Africa by the Foreign Office according to information from Mission Inspector Zahn

Gouvernement von Kamerun
Stadtarchiv Lemgo, 01.01.01 A · Fonds · 1330 - 1934
Part of City Archive Lemgo (Archivtektonik)

The collection comprises the documents (files and official books) from the city of Lemgo before the formation of the administrative district of Lemgo in 1932 and the encirclement of Lemgo in 1934. Until then, Lemgo was a free city, i.e. it was directly subordinated to the sovereign government without an intermediate instance. In the Late Middle Ages, the constitution of the city of Lemgo was laid down in three documents, which subsequently documented the traditional constitutional reality: the so-called "Kerbschnittbrief" (mid 14th century, U 86), the so-called Regimentsnottel I (mid 15th century, U 763) and the Regimentsnottel II (1491, U 764). The political bodies were therefore organised in so-called four heaps. The New or Jury Council (12 members), the Old or Resting Council (12 members), the Meinheit (24 members) and the Dechen of the nine "councilable" offices (= guilds, guilds). Each of the two councils consisted of six councillors (without functional assignment), two chamberlains, an assessor, a council sealant and two mayors. The Old and New Councils alternated annually in the context of the Council change on 6 January. New members were selected on the basis of the co-optation principle, i.e. the "outgoing" Council elected the "dormant" Council again. Only when a councillor retired (due to death or other reasons) was a new councillor elected. Meinheit and Dechen had a say in this; they could reject a candidate. The members of the Meinheit were composed of the elected representatives of the six Lemgo building communities according to the principle of residence. In addition, there were six farmer masters who carried out police duties in the city quarters and six red masters, i.e. the former farmer masters who carried out the tax assessment in the residential districts. The two councils were responsible for the day-to-day political and legal business of the city. The other two piles represented the municipal community and were supposed to exercise a limited control function over the council bodies. In 1843, a uniform legal basis was created for the first time with the Lippe city order and the four-heap constitution in Lemgo, which had been valid until then, was abolished. The municipal bodies were now the magistrate and the city council. The magistrate headed the municipal administration and consisted of the mayor and other members of the magistrate. The city councillors were elected by the entire citizenry, i.e. those who also possessed citizenship. The City Council elected the Magistrate and exercised a control and oversight function over the Magistrate (with the exception of police matters). With the city order, a separation between administration and justice took place for the first time. The municipal jurisdiction was finally abolished only with the formation of the district courts in 1879. With the Lippe city order of 1886, the acquisition of citizenship was solved from house and land ownership, exercise of a trade and secure income. Every man who had lived in the city for more than two years and paid taxes was now a citizen. The election was conducted in accordance with the three-class system. The City Council and the Magistrate had to make their decisions separately in matters of self-government. In matters of statutes and budget, the magistrate could not decide without the city council. The provisional municipal constitution of 1919 granted the right to vote to women and men over the age of 20 who had lived in the municipality for more than three months. This was the first time that a universal and equal right to vote had been created at municipal level. In 1928 the separation between official municipalities and city municipalities was abolished (see also H-existing stocks). The magistrate or city council now needed the confidence of the city council. Stock A originally also included the documents after 1932/34, which were only later renumbered stock B. The documents were then transferred to stock A. The documents were then stored in the museum. The town archivist August Schacht ordered the files for the first time. He concentrated mainly on the trial records of the various Lemgo dishes. There was no separation by provenance here. In short: all files, which originated before 1932/34 in Lemgo, form the stock A. The classification is oriented after subject matter (pertinence principle), whereby the current classification represents a revision of the original classification. The current classification attempts to make the original provenances and contexts of origin more visible again. Nevertheless, many court acts are no longer filed under the respective court instance, but can be found under other classification points (e.g. under guild matters) according to the subject matter of the dispute or the parties to the dispute. This also applies to other classification points or archive materials. In the case of files from the A inventory which do not expire until after 1934, they are assigned to the B inventory (see there). In the opposite case, files with B signatures are included in the A inventory if their terms expire before 1934. The respective signatures are always retained. The court files of the two councils or the magistrate and the other court instances are summarized in the holdings 01.02.01 - 01.02.11 and 01.03.01 to 01.03.05. The witch trials can also be found there. The so-called Audience Protocols of inventory A 01.01.01 also contain court hearings, primarily in civil law. Court files of the Lemgo City Court (= magistrate of justice, as successor to the sovereign judge) are also found in the L 88 Lemgo holdings in the NRW State Archive, Detmold, OWL Department. The tradition of the schools (Gymnasium, Bürgerschule, Lyzeum, Technikum, Fortbildungsschule...) is also in the inventory A 01.01.01, independent of the formation of the independent school communities independent of the political communities 1849 (until 1937). This is mainly the tradition of the school boards, which were mostly composed of the local pastors and the mayor. Supplementary material can also be found in the T (school) holdings. The records of the Lemgo registry office (established throughout the Reich in 1876) in the form of birth, marriage and death certificates can be found in the holdings F 1 to F 3. In addition to the A holdings, personal documents / personal data can also be found in the holdings J - personal files. The old archive signatures (such as Gw 1, Gy 1, Ki 1...) have been retained and are searchable, so that a concordance is given when sources from literature are cited.

10 - Depot A
10 · Fonds
Part of Stuttgart City Archive

Brief description: In the second half of the 19th century, the municipal administration became increasingly differentiated. Little by little, individual municipal offices were established instead of the council deputations that had been active up to then. Portfolio 10 Depot A contains the files of the administrative offices (in contrast to the technical and building offices, which can be found in portfolio 11 Depot B). Scope: 5604 units/155 linear metres Content: files on land register, guardianship, municipal and commercial court, seizure, registry office; city relations with king and country; citizenship and emigration; municipal residents; military; statistics; celebrations and anniversaries; savings, insurance and provident funds; welfare and charity; fire protection; agriculture and forestry; public facilities and squares; trades and guilds; measure and weight; transport. In the Second World War they were lost: Files on the subjects of medicine, police, church, education, sport, art, science, sociability, financial management. Duration: 1504 - 1949 Instructions for use: The 10 Depot A portfolio was provided with new, simple signatures in 2006/2007. If you are looking for units of stock using the old signatures, please note the notes in the preface. Foreword: Notes on use The title recordings of the Depot A holdings correspond to the original titles of the files as they were noted on the file covers. Since the contents of the files were not checked when the holdings were recorded at the time, the contents of a file may therefore go beyond the title given or contain only general or indirect information on the subject given (e.g. only newspaper cuttings). When searching for relevant documents, it makes sense to carry out a broad search in terms of content. Similarly, when searching via classification, it should be noted that the respective assignment of the units to a classification point was originally very abstract and therefore different points should be considered. Occasionally, file covers do not contain any documents. As a rule, these are the units that do not have a scope. Exceptions are possible, however, as units were inadvertently omitted during surveying. The portfolio was renumbered in 2006/2007 and the units consecutively numbered (for details see next page "Further information on the portfolio"). The signatures 1281, 2560 to 2659, and 5233 were not assigned. A concordance of the old and new signatures can be found in the appendix to the inventory. Extensive units were divided for better manageability during the re-signing process. Divisions can be identified by the note "Continuation No. ..." or "Continuation of No. ...". Existing page numbers in the title were not adjusted. Numbers 5535-5602 follow number 2814 in the Findbuch, but it should be noted that in the case of the duration information, the entire time frame of the event or topic covered by the file was often given, or in the case of personal units (especially personal files and honorary citizen files) the life data of the person concerned and not the dates of the documents contained. Due to losses during the Second World War, about half of the original stock has been preserved. The collection comprises a total of 5530 units with a running time of 1504 to 1949, with a focus on the period from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1930s. When ordering units, you need the following information: 10 - Unit number If you refer to documents from the inventory, please attach a source reference according to this sample: City Archive Stuttgart - 10 - Number of Unit Further information on the holdings History of the authorities Around 1870 the central administrative and notarial registry of the city of Stuttgart was established, as well as a separate building registry for the building and building police department with the technical offices. The main tasks included the administration of the files, the keeping of diaries with entry of entries and exits, the supervision of appointments, the examination of the newspapers for articles concerning the city administration and the appropriate forwarding of these, as well as the preparation of various lists and the execution of other activities, often not belonging to the direct field of duties. The "administrative registry" and the "building registry" were merged into the "registry" office in 1912 by municipal council resolution. Some of the previous tasks were transferred to other departments of the city administration. Until the 1930s, however, the two registries were kept separate despite the merger. During the gradual departure of the municipal offices from the town hall, the older, no longer needed documents were left there and thus formed the main part of the two registries. History of the holdings In the course of the foundation of the Stuttgart City Archive on 01.10.1928, the existing archive holdings were divided into a historical archive and an administrative archive. The period 1820-1850 was defined as the approximate boundary between the two archives. The administrative archives contained above all the two large registries that had grown up at the head office: firstly, the administrative registry of the city, known in the archives as Depot A, and the building registry, known in the archives as Depot B. These holdings were supplemented in the archives after 1945 by mostly older documents that were thematically related but of a different origin (provenance). These additions were not marked in detail, a reconstruction of the holdings with regard to their origin (according to the provenance principle usual today) would be theoretically possible due to the original file covers which are usually still preserved. The holdings Depot A is thus a kind of thematic collection, in which however 90 documents correspond to the provenance principle. The duration of the collection covers the period from 1504 to 1949, with the focus ranging from the beginning of the 19th century to the middle of the 1930s. The preserved documents of the administrative registry of the city of Stuttgart (Depot A), which was established around 1870, together with the building registry (Depot B), represent the central file on the history of Stuttgart up to approx. 1935. The original registry signatures were largely retained in the archive until 2007 as archive signatures and the signature system for the documents thematically supplemented in the archive (see above) was extended accordingly if required. The depot A comprises the main groups already formed in the registry A. Justice Administration B. Regiminal Administration C. Police Administration D. Church system E. Education F. Care of sociability and entertainment G. Financial administration These are files of all areas of activity of the city administration. After the Second World War, Bruno Lenz ordered and recorded the files of the collection. For this purpose, the files were recorded in the order of the registry with the registry numbers specified in the file plan and a short title taken from the envelope of the respective Federation of Files, without, however, checking the contents of the file. A more detailed property and person index with details of the units was completed by Robert Starnitzki in 1969. This can be seen in the reading room of the city archive, but it refers to the old signatures. Processing of the holdings 2006/2007 The original finding aid book of the holdings Depot A with a total of 5530 units, available in typewritten form in 3 volumes, was transferred from September 2006 to February 2007 to the Augias 8 indexing software by Gerd Lange under the supervision of Sabine Schrag and Christina Wewer. Unusual abbreviations within the original find book were resolved. The following changes were made to the portfolio: New signatures: In preparation for the transfer of the find books, Volker Hauptfleisch resigned the old registry signatures, which continued to be used in the archive and consisted of upper and lower case letters and Roman and Arabic numerals, to simple, consecutive Arabic numerals in the order of the old signatures. In this way, the ordering of files is simplified for the user and confusion is avoided. The original signatures reflected the file plan and/or the table of contents (also classification or systematics) of the existence with its hierarchical and logical stages. Below these logical levels, the units were numbered consecutively in volumes (these were not bound volumes, but a further logical subdivision), and below them again in individual numbers, which represented the actual orderable units. Example: B I, 5, vol. 1 no. 1 The last level (no.) is occasionally divided into further units by lower-case letters. Through the re-signing the signature B I, 5, vol. 1, no. 1 became the signature no. 770. The old signature was noted at each unit. Due to an oversight during the re-signing, a gap of 100 numbers has arisen in the new numbering. The numbers 1281, 2560 to 2659 were not assigned. The number 2559 is therefore directly followed by the number 2660. The number 5233 was also not assigned. In some cases, signatures were assigned twice. Letters were attached to these signatures in order to identify them unambiguously (example: No. 1870 a and No. 1870 b). These letter annexes therefore do not refer to a substantive connection between the units. Units which were lost by other means only after the war losses were marked with the note "missing", partly with the date when the absence was discovered. They will continue to be listed in the search book in order to record which files were originally available. In a few cases, numbers were accidentally assigned to units that no longer existed. The units were also measured during the relocation and the circumference was given in cm (with a few exceptions). The units no. 5535-5602 (old signatures B IX, 1, vol. 1, no. 10a, reg. no. 1 to B IX, 1, vol. 1, no. 10a) already follow the number 2814 in the find book. Revised classification: The classification (table of contents, systematics) was adapted to the same extent as the signatures: instead of combinations of letters and numbers, a hierarchically structured system consisting of Arabic numerals was used. The classification point C VIII 3 d aa became, for example, 03.08.03.04.01. The classification or the table of contents of the original search book is based on the file plan of the administrative registry. In the appendix volume of the inventory all original classification points are contained, in the table of contents of the present finding aid book only those classification points were specified, to which documents exist. Documents that no longer existed were destroyed by the effects of war. The classification points, which are thus no longer occupied by units, are an important indication of what documents were once available in the city administration. Overall, more than half of the classification points are no longer documented. The classification point 01.03.03. Guardianship, inheritance and notary system was supplemented during the software input by further subitems, since in the original find book such a division was already given by headings. December 2008 Christina Wewer See also fonds 13 Hauptaktei (called: Bürgermeisteramt), 1897-1945.

1.1.12. - Weight
1.1.12. · Fonds
Part of Archive of the Hanseatic City of Rostock

Period: 1381 - 1945 Scope: 3 Substocks: 110 linear metres = 6,943 units of description Cataloguing: ordered and listed, finding aids (1981, 2008) Citation method: AHR, 1.1.12. or AHR, Gewett Content: The delivery of the Gewett is divided into three parts: 1.1.12.1. Ports and Shipping, 1.1.12.2. Local Administration Warnemünde and 1.1.12.3. Trade and Industry. This division follows the different tasks of the authority, whereby the general files were arranged with the archivischen treatment into the first partial existence. The descriptions of the contents and further literature references can be found in the sub-collections. Overview: The term Gewett is derived from the Middle Low German word "Wedde", which means, among other things, fine and police court. Since the Middle Ages, life in the city was carried out according to the norms set by the Council. Violation of these standards was punishable by the payment of a fine. The protection of the norms and the collection of the fines was the task of the Weddeherren, who belonged to the council and were first mentioned in the sources in 1366. They were responsible for supervising the entire commercial and industrial life in the city as well as the craftsmen and the craft offices. In addition, the Weddeherrens were responsible for the preservation of the port and the fairways, supervised the beach and the flotsam, administered Warnemünde, took care of the cleaning and maintenance of the roads and ensured that the duty of vigilance was observed. The Gewett was also a police authority and acted as a judicial authority for the aforementioned areas. Like other municipal authorities, the Gewett has developed from a medieval council office to an extrajudicial authority since the early modern era. The Gewett essentially retained the competences it had already defined in the Middle Ages as a port, shipping, trade and industry authority. Two council members were responsible as president and assessor. They were assisted by several officials, including the harbour master, the pilot commander and the Vogt from Warnemünde. The bailiff in Warnemünde had to exercise the powers and duties of a police and judicial authority for this district. In the 19th century, with the emergence of monocratic authorities, certain shifts in competence occurred. In 1817, the Police Office was founded, which followed on from the City Guard, which had been under the gun until then. Other functions, such as the medical police, the supervision of pharmacies or the building and trade police, were transferred to the police office in the middle of the century. In the field of shipping, Gewett was responsible for issuing Biel letters in 1831, and in 1838 it actually took over the duties of a seaman's office. After the adoption of the Court Constitution Act by the Reichstag in 1879, the power of the dissolved municipal higher court took over the management of the ship register, and since 1888 it has acted as a ship surveying authority. Even after the introduction of freedom of trade in the course of the unification of the empire, the Gewett remained the first instance for all craft and trade matters. Only the November Revolution of 1918 and the subsequent state upheaval led to serious changes. The bet was settled in 1920. The administration of Warnemünde was transferred to its own local administration. The successor in the field of ports and shipping was the port administration. The police department took over the supervision of trade and commerce.

1.1.3.11. · Fonds
Part of Archive of the Hanseatic City of Rostock

Period: 1492 - 1941 Scope: 6 linear metres = 274 units of description Cataloguing: ordered and indexed, index (2005) Citation method: AHR, 1.1.3.11. No. ... or AHR, Mayor and Council: Police, No. ... Content: Police administration (1791-1936, 21 units) - Population census lists (1819, 11 units) - Population censuses (1807-1938, 13 units) - Statistics (1825-1938, 6 units) - Elections (1848 and 1913-1938, 7 units) - Emigration (1852-1936, 10 units) - Criminal court and criminal justice (1492-1937, 60 units).- Health police, food inspection (1698-1932, 14 VE) - Trade police (1815-1941, 13 VE) - Order and customs police, gambling (1521-1920, 25 VE) - Security police (1676-1937, 30 VE) - Fire protection, fire brigade, fires (1530-1935, 37 VE) - Road police, traffic (1824-1937, 27 VE). Overview: The exercise of police power was one of the privileges of the City of Rostock, which allowed the Council, under its own authority, to issue regulations for all areas of city life. In the sovereign police and land regulations of 1516, 1542, 1562 and 1572 the dukes of Mecklenburg had asserted their increased claim to want to have a regulating and disciplining effect on the ways of life and behaviour of their subjects. The city authorities were urged to act according to these orders. It was under this impression that the Council published in 1538 a first police order - not handed down in the past - which at the same time confirmed its own sovereignty in this field. The inheritance contract of 21 September 1573 made it obligatory for the city to establish a "good, Christian, honourable and cheap police and court order", which had to orient itself to the sovereign orders. On 14 April 1576, the Council's police regulations with their 59 paragraphs were finally in place. The Council subsequently increased its measures to produce a "good policyy" with a large number of individual ordinances and reacted to non-compliance with penalties. Regulations on keeping the streets clean, on engagements, weddings, children's beer parties, mourning ceremonies or fire protection influenced people's everyday lives. A comprehensive catalogue of regulations and restrictions developed. Social discipline was also served by the establishment of the breeding and factory house in the former Catherine monastery in 1728. With the renewed and improved police regulations of 1757, the Council's efforts in the fight against the "abuses and debaucheries that almost overtook from day to day" reached a new quality. However, there was no establishment of a special police authority, and violations continued to be punished by the individual council offices. The Inheritance Treaty of 13 May 1788 confirmed the city's authority to issue its own police orders without interference by the state government, subject to compliance with the state police ordinances. At the same time, Duke Friedrich Franz I allowed the city to set up thirty police guards. With the construction of the police station, a longer process of institutionalization of the police system began. In 1795, the "Neue Monatsschrift für und von Mecklenburg" (New Monthly Bulletin for and of Mecklenburg) named serious deficiencies in the exercise of the police, in particular in the enforcement of the existing ordinances. Points of criticism were the lack of monitoring of bread and meat prices, the rubbish in the streets, the begging, the lack of fire safety, the nightly singing of journeymen on the streets, the purchase of food outside the city gates, the lawn of millers, beach and sand drivers with horse-drawn carts, the neglect of supervision over school attendance. Only with the establishment of the police office on 1 April 1817 did a fundamental change occur. With the "Order of Police Violence" of 14 December 1825, the authorities were given fixed structures and defined powers. The Police Office took over the tasks of the authorities to maintain and enforce order and security, while the College of Police Administration was responsible for street cleaning, refuse collection, street lighting, road construction, sewerage and parks. The two bodies were headed by a director and an assessor who were members of the Council. The police office also had the power to impose penalties, which was the only way to ensure that the numerous ordinances were enforced. To carry out the tasks, a comprehensive apparatus of administrative officers (secretaries, clerks) and security officers (commissioners, watchmen, guards, prison guards) was set up. The municipal police force remained unrestricted even after the unification of the Reich in 1871, but increasingly the laws and regulations enacted by the Reich or the Land became the guideline for police work. With the foundation of the Mecklenburg Ordnungspolizei in 1921, the state police presence was considerably strengthened. The municipal police office was finally replaced by the state police headquarters on 1 April 1937 in the course of the centralisation of the police apparatus promoted by the National Socialists. The city of Rostock only had functions as a local police authority. Publications: Redieck, Matthias / Schade, Achim (ed.): Vom Feuereimer zum Brandschutzamt, Rostock 1993 Manke, Matthias (ed.): "... that all the world would be valued." The inhabitants of Rostock after the census of 1819, Rostock 2005 (Kleine Schriftenreihe des Archivs der Hansestadt Rostock, 15) Manke, Matthias: Polizeiwächter, Schleichwächter, Nachtwächter. The Rostock Ordnungskräfte around 1800 and their social conditions, in: Beitr. Rost. 29th vol. 2007, pp. 37-67